This work describes The Lean Development methodology that can be used for managing development without known customer. Moreover, it describes the development of an already finished project - a web application that did not involve this methodology. After that this work finds out which aspects of this development would change, if the Lean Development methods were integrated, and proposes a specific solution for subsequent development, compliant with this methodology. At the end, this work presents the list of activities that the development team must pass when developing without known customer.

This document provides a summary report of the M.I.T. Masters Thesis, "Systematic IPT Integration in Lean Development Programs" by Tyson R. Browning. These studies argue for the inclusion of program integration principles as an essential aspect of lean enterprise product development and organization. / Lean Aerospace Initiative

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:50:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5704.pdf: 1773498 bytes, checksum: 85fec41b7847eb2dbec77d70790eb636 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-10 / Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos / Given the movement of national and international competitions, the fast technological advances, the reduction in life cycle of products on the market and greater demands for quality and services associated with products, product development has established itself as one of the business processes key to the growth and survival of businesses of various industrial sectors and has, over the years, becoming a powerful source of competitiveness for companies from various sectors. Toyota has developed and uses a product development model considered extremely competitive, which helped make it the largest automobile manufacturer in the world. This model is called Lean Development and is a worldwide reference. The model uses lean concepts, derived from Lean Thinking, in the product development process. Studies in international scope are being conducted in order to characterize, evaluate and apply this model in other companies, either automotive market or others different markets. This Thesis presents the results obtained by a survey carried out in manufacturing companies located at Brazil. The population was defined like innovative companies with product development area in the investigated site and with Lean Manufacturing applied for at leats five years. It is presented a descriptive analysis of the companies analyzed and a factorial analysis, which reduces the research variables in four contextual factors of Lean Development. A cluster analysis of the factors identified by the factorial analysis was performed and four groups of companies were founded. The groups were classified in relation to the product development process, according to literature. The results show that 38.2% of surveyed sample applies lean concepts (principles and tools) in both production system and product development process and approximately a half of surveyed sample (46.9%) applies only lean principles in production system, but does not migrate these principles to product development process. However, these last companies are the ones with the best results in product development. / Diante dos movimentos das concorrências nacional e internacional, dos rápidos avanços tecnológicos, da diminuição do ciclo de vida dos produtos no mercado e das maiores exigências quanto à qualidade e aos serviços associados aos produtos, o desenvolvimento de produto se consolidou como um dos processos de negócio chave para o crescimento e a sobrevivência das empresas de diversos setores industriais e vem, ao longo dos anos, se transformando em uma poderosa fonte de competitividade para as empresas de diversos setores. A Toyota desenvolveu e utiliza um modelo de desenvolvimento de produto considerado extremamente competitivo, que ajudou a transformá-la na maior montadora automobilística do mundo. Esse modelo, considerado uma referência mundial, é chamado de Lean Development e utiliza conceitos enxutos, derivados do Lean Thinking, no processo de desenvolvimento de produtos. Estudos estão sendo realizados, em âmbito internacional, a fim de caracterizar, avaliar e aplicar esse modelo em outras empresas, tanto do mercado automobilístico quanto em outros diferentes mercados. Esta Tese apresenta os resultados obtidos por meio de um uma pesquisa de campo tipo survey, realizado em empresas industriais situadas no Brasil. A população foi delimitada em empresas inovadoras, que possuem a área de desenvolvimento de produto na planta pesquisada e, ainda, o Lean Manufacturing implantado há pelo menos cinco anos. É apresentada uma análise descritiva das empresas analisadas e uma análise fatorial, a qual reduz as variáveis de pesquisa em quatro fatores contextuais do Lean Development. Uma análise de agrupamento entre os fatores identificados pela análise fatorial foi realizada, originando quatro agrupamentos de empresas, os quais foram classificados em relação ao processo de desenvolvimento de produto, de acordo com a literatura. Os resultados mostram que 38,2% da amostra pesquisada aplica os conceitos enxutos (princípios e ferramentas) da manufatura no processo de desenvolvimento de produto e aproximadamente metade da amostra pesquisada (46,9%) aplica somente os princípios enxutos na manufatura, mas não os migra para o processo de desenvolvimento de produto. No entanto, essas últimas são as que apresentam os melhores resultados em desenvolvimento de produto.

Ericsson är ett världsledande telekommunikationsföretag som förhandlar två gånger per år med logistik tjänsteleverantörer, om priser och transportsträckor som är anslutna till logistisk nätverket. Förhandlingar resulterar i avtal och nya priser för den kommande perioden. Tidigare interna undersökningar visar att Ericsson har fakturerats högre, i jämförelse med de överenskomna priserna. Sammanlagt uppgår det till 7 - 8 siffrigt värde årligen. De tidigare interna undersökningarna identifierar överbetalningar, upptäckta med hänsyn till de uppsatta villkoren för accepterad överbetalningsmarginal i systemet. Inom denna studie skall fokus läggas på kostnader under de uppsatta kostnadsvillkoren i systemet. Genom detta redovisa kostnader som inte tas upp av den integrerade filtret i systemet.Uppdraget är att identifiera avvikelser kopplade till fakturaprocessen. Genom att identifiera uppkomna avvikelser, är målet att hitta främsta orsak för respektive avvikelse. Syftet är att finna en lämplig process för att förebygga framtida avvikelser. För att genomföra studien inom den uppsatta tidsramen, har avgränsning bestämts till att undersöka och analysera två stora logistikföretag. Dessa har anknytning till de tre länder som bidrog till flest överbetalningar under 2012. Teorier inom lean utveckling, processutveckling, supply chain management och EDI gentemot manuellt fakturaflöde, har studerats djupgående. Genom att kombinera en kvalitativ och kvantitativ studie, har det empiriska resultatet lett till identifiering av de mest frekventa avvikelser, kopplade till fakturaprocessen.Resultat från den genomförda studien har legat till grund, för att föreslå konkreta förbättringar, kopplade till fakturaprocessen. En uppsättning av sju genomförbara och kostnadseffektiva förbättringar inom informationsflödet, arbetsmetodik samt processflödet presenteras.1. Produktifiering av logistiktjänster2. Integration av prislistor in till SAP One3. Plattform för kommunikation4. Tydliggör aktörers ansvarsområde5. Andon lösning för kvalitetssäkring inom fakturaprocessen6. LSP tilldelas Ericssonsfraktkalkylator7. Informationsutökning till Prime log från LSPSamlingen består av kortsiktiga förslag som kan implementeras omgående, samt långsiktiga förslag i förebyggande syfte. Presenterade förbättringar är anpassade till respektive angelägen aktör. Rekommendation är att implementera föreslagna förbättringar, för att minska/eliminera de redovisade avvikelserna. / A world leading telecommunication company, Ericsson negotiates twice a year with the logistics service providers, regarding prices and lanes connected to the logistics network. The negotiations results in agreements and new prices for the upcoming period. Previous internal studies reveal that Ericsson is being invoiced higher, compared to the agreed prices. The study reveals an overpayment value of 7 - 8 digits annually. Hence, revealing the overpayments detected by the set cost condition in the system. The conducted study will focus on the overpayments that are under the set cost condition in the system. By that, identifying the costs that are not been taken in consideration currently.The mission is to identify upcoming discrepancies, connected to the invoice process. By identifying upcoming discrepancies, the goal is to find the main reason for each detected discrepancy. By that, propose suitable processes for preventing future discrepancies.In order to investigate and conduct the required study, delimitation was made to analyse two major logistics providers. The study includes three targeted countries, which contributed to most discrepancies during 2012. Theories in lean development, process development, supply chain management and EDI vs. manual invoice flow have been studied in detail. By combining a qualitative and quantitative scientific approach, the empirical results have revealed the most upcoming discrepancies, connected to the invoice process.The result from the conducted study has been the main foundation, in order to suggest tangible improvements, connected to the invoice process. A set of seven tangible and cost efficient improvements, within the information flow, work methodology and process flow are presented.1. Productify Logistics Services2. Integration of Pricelists into SAP One3. Platform for Communication4. Stakeholder Clarification5. Andon Solution for Invoice Quality Assurance6. Provide LSP with Ericsson Freight Calculator7. Extended Information into Prime log from LSPThe collection consists of short term proposals that can be implemented immediately and long term proposals for preventive purposes. The proposed improvements are adapted to each involved stakeholder. Recommendation is to implement the proposed improvements, in order to reduce/eliminate the detected discrepancies.

Innovation is a key factor for companies in order to survive in the long-term and to stay competitive. However, it can be challenging to know what ideas (or innovations) to pursue. Large incumbent companies can be slow to innovate, but startups on the other hand, are a great source of innovation. However, many startups fail. Starting a new company is risky, but a countervailing force has emerged called Lean Development. There is a strong need for research and studies on the subject of product development in a Lean Development context and the process of Idea Selection has been somewhat ignored in research. Idea Selection is a part of the Front End of Innovation and is often mentioned as an important factor for success in the innovation process. This study was aimed at creating a framework for Idea Selection, building on the intersection between the Front End of Innovation and the New Product and Process Development in a Lean Development context. The findings are based on current theory on Innovation, Idea Selection and Lean Development as well as a case study conducted at a Swedish insurance startup. The main conclusion of this study is a framework containing four themes: Reach, Impact, Confidence and Effort. By using this framework, startups can more easily decide on what ideas to pursue and thereby move quicker and achieve more success in the innovation process. / För ett företag är innovation en nyckelfaktor för långsiktig överlevnad och för att vara konkurrenskraftig. Det kan emellertid vara utmanande att veta vilka idéer (eller innovationer) som bör utforskas vidare och implementeras. Stora etablerade företag kan vara långsamma att innovera, men nystartade företag, startups, kännetecknas å andra sidan ofta av att ha stor innovationsförmåga. Men många startups misslyckas. Att starta ett nytt företag är riskabelt. För att minska den risken har något som kallas Lean Development växt fram. Det finns ett starkt behov av forskning och studier om produktutveckling i Lean Development-sammanhang och processen att välja ut idéer har ignorerats i forskning. Idéval är en del av Front End of Innovation och nämns ofta som en viktig faktor för framgång i innovationsprocessen. Denna studie syftar till att skapa ett ramverk för Idéval, som bygger på skärningspunkten mellan Front End of Innovation och New Product and Process Development ett Lean Development-sammanhang. Resultat är baserade på aktuell teori om Innovation, Idéval och Lean Development samt en fallstudie genomförd vid en svensk startup inom försäkringsbranschen. Den huvudsakliga slutsatsen i denna studie är ett ramverk som innehåller fyra teman: Reach, Impact, Confidence and Effort. Genom att använda detta ramverk kan nystartade företag lättare bestämma vilka idéer de ska gå vidare med och därmed bli mer snabbrörliga och uppnå mer framgång i innovationsprocessen.

Most Agile Software Development methodologies are aimed towards large companies and large-scale projects. The purpose of this report was to identify, and potentially modify, Agile Development methodologies and strategies suitable for small-scale projects. Initially a comprehensive study was conducted on a few selected agile methodologies in order to find the most suitable one to be used for a loosely defined small-scale project. The result of the study led to the methodology Kanban being used experimentally on that project. The report goes through how Kanban was utilized and modified to better suit the project as well as bring forward interesting details regarding the outcome of the actual project. The produced methodology, with Kanban at its core, can especially be of use for small IT companies looking for an agile methodology fitting their project(s). It could also be used to further develop alternative variants of the agile methodology Kanban with focus on small-scale projects. / De flesta agila utvecklingsmetodiker riktar sig mot storskaliga projekt och företag. Syftet med denna rapport var att identifiera lämpliga agila utvecklingsmetodiker och strategier för småskaliga projekt. Inledningsvis genomfördes en omfattande studie av ett fåtal agila metodiker med målet att hitta den mest lämpliga för ett löst definierat småskaligt projekt. Resultat av studien ledde till att metodiken Kanban experimenterades med och användes för projektet. Rapporten går igenom hur Kanban nyttjades och modifierades för att bättre passa projektet i fråga. Den framtagna metodiken, med Kanban som grund, kan vara speciellt användbar för mindre IT-företag som letar efter en agil metodik som passar deras projekt. Den skulle även kunna användas för att vidareutveckla alternativa agila Kanban-metodiker för småskaliga projekt.

Currently published statistics focused on the area of software projects are very disturbing. It is alarming that, according to research company Standish Group only 32% of IT projects end successfully. The percentage of cancelled projects, 24%, is even more disturbing. The applied methodology should contribute to the increase success of the software engineering projects. Statistics show that the methodology applied in the work sphere, is currently used by more than 50% of firms. This work shows the development of specific software in a small IT company, which currently is not supported by any methodology of IS / ICT. The primary objective of this work is the evaluation of the methodology best suited to the needs of business presented. The first chapter of the theoretical part deals with the issues of software engineering and is focused mainly on the area of IT projects success rates and related critical factors of software engineering. The second chapter is then devoted to the history of software engineering and describes the important milestones leading to the development of the most well-known life cycle models and methodologies. The main part of the theoretical block is devoted to methodologies of IS / ICT. This passage is particularly concentrating on the meaning of methodologies in the management of development projects. It also focuses on comparing agile and rigorous methodologies and deals with the assessment of appropriate methodologies for the development of IS / ICT in small businesses. The first part of the practical unit focuses on the introduction of the presented company. The following chapters are devoted to analyzing the current state of software engineering of the client, leading to the detection of the major problems of current development. The analysis is followed by chapter, which is devoted to the presentation of five agile methodologies which were selected on the basis of criteria based on client's specific requirements and needs. The final part is devoted to the evaluation of methodologies based on meeting the given criteria and according to the level of support solutions to the problems analyzed. Based on the resulting findings the client is recommended specific methodology and the appropriate procedure outlined in the implementation of the chosen methodology.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:51:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2211.pdf: 1140076 bytes, checksum: 469365839d182856ac4aa04c28489a34 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-12-16 / Lean manufacturing tools are well known and implemented to eliminate waste and improve materials flow throughout a production process. These lean principles are now studied and applied to product development process (PDP), aligned to the company s needs to develop and launch new products with lower cost and increased speed. Therefore, the objective of the present dissertation is to propose a production preparation procedure, that emphasizes: the significance of the manufacturing team s participation from project inception by sharing its experience, requirements and constraints; the vision of operational value stream delivery as a result of PDP and value creation related to customer and other stakeholders perception. To validate this proposal, a comparative application took place using a previous project from the company that was studied. Procedure comprehensiveness was assessed by questionnaire sent to professionals from other divisions, in addition to the division team. It was concluded that the proposed procedure is: feasible, updated and applicable; capable of contributing to waste, rework and project time reduction and helpful for sharing manufacturing lean concepts knowledge and expertise with other team members and product development stakeholders. / Atualmente, técnicas da manufatura enxuta são conhecidas e implementadas para eliminar desperdício e melhorar o fluxo de materiais ao longo de um processo de produção. Estes mesmos princípios enxutos são agora estudados e aplicados no processo de desenvolvimento de produto (PDP), alinhados à necessidade das empresas de desenvolverem e lançarem novos produtos com custo competitivo e no menor tempo possível. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho é propor um método para a produção, que enfatize: a importância da participação da manufatura desde o início do projeto para compartilhar sua experiência, necessidades e restrições; a visão de entrega de todo o fluxo operacional como resultado do PDP e a criação de valor segundo a percepção do cliente e demais interessados no projeto. Para validar a proposta, ela foi aplicada de forma comparativa em um projeto anteriormente realizado na empresa estudada; sua abrangência foi verificada mediante envio de questionário de avaliação do método a profissionais de outras divisões da empresa, além dos envolvidos no projeto avaliado. Como resultado, concluiu-se pela: viabilidade, atualidade e aplicabilidade do método; capacidade em contribuir para redução de desperdícios, de retrabalhos e do tempo de projeto; possibilidade de compartilhar o conhecimento e experiência da manufatura nos conceitos enxutos com os demais integrantes e interessados do projeto de desenvolvimento de produto.

One of objectives of practical part of the thesis is to perform an analysis of current state of project management in selected organization. Based on its specific environment and identified opportunities for improvement it follows up with formalization of recommended design and way of implementation of alternative approach for project management which uses appropriate agile elements but also reflects specific needs and limits of the organization. In its theoretical part the thesis describes basic terminology related to management of projects and portfolios, selected models of project lifecycle, popular standards and methods of traditional project management, core philosophy of agile and selected practices of agile project management.

This thesis describes the development of Tajm-lajn, application for effective and simple time planning in small business. The work contains detailed description of all development stages and user testing and in the conclusion it tries to summarize achieved results and future development of Tajm-lajn project.