Ces travaux de thèse s’intéressent à l’association des performances industrielles et environnementales avec une démarche d’amélioration continue orientée vers le développement durable et ciblent l’élimination conjointe des « gaspillages » Lean et Green dans les processus de fabrication. La problématique majeure réside dans la mise en place des outils L&G au sein d’entreprises manufacturières possédant des processus et caractéristiques culturelles variés. Basés sur une analyse suivie de l’état de l’art et d’enquêtes de bonnes pratiques, les travaux de recherche incluent plusieurs évaluations et observations sur sites industriels. La mise au point d’une roadmap de déploiement adaptable, mettant en valeur les aspects sociaux par le biais de l’implication et de la valorisation des employés, est ainsi complétée par un modèle de sélection d’indicateurs environnementaux, une « Maison du L&G » et un modèle de maturité particularisé pour le niveau d’implémentation de la stratégie. / This thesis addresses the association of industrial and environmental performances with a continuous improvement approach oriented toward sustainable development, and particularly seeks for the identification and elimination of Lean and Green “wastes” in manufacturing processes. The major issue lies in the deployment of L&G tools within manufacturing firms with various processes and cultural characteristics. Based upon a thorough state of the art and industrial surveys on best practices, the research includes several assessments and observations on manufacturing sites. The development of an adaptable roadmap of deployment highlighting social concerns through the involvement of employees in improvements is therefore completed with a selection model of environmental indicators, a “L&G House” and a maturity model for the strategy’s implementation.

Background With large amounts of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) in the waste streams, recycling of PVC and more sustainable processes have become increasingly important. The sustainable development of processes has received a lot of attention in the last decades because of the increasing environmental threat. It is also important to be efficient in order to stay competitive in the market. Traditional methods for improving efficiency like lean disregards the sustainable aspect. Green methods focus on environmental impact and omit efficiency. The concept of lean and green enables and ensures the integration of efficiency and sustainability. Firms need to improve their efficiency without sacrificing sustainability and environmental impact as a consequence of becoming more competitive. Therefore, there is a great need of support for decision-making regarding efficiency and sustainability. Objectives The objective of this thesis is to provide support for decision-making in recycling environments where the focus is to improve efficiency and sustainability performances simultaneously. This thesis aims to increase the knowledge regarding integration of efficiency and sustainability as support for decision-making. Methodology A model based on the concept of lean and green was developed with commonly used indicators to evaluate efficiency and sustainability. To examine the applicability of the model, a case study was conducted at a company on a PVC recycling process. Data was collected at the company to create different scenarios based on lean and green practices, which were analyzed using discrete event simulation. These scenarios were then evaluated through the model in order to improve efficiency and sustainability. Results The result showed a reduction in lead time of 55.99%. An increase in throughput and carbon dioxide savings of 30 970.85% respectively were depict due to the upscaling. An increase of 2 252.92% in total cost is needed for investment. An increase in water consumption of 7 584.89% and energy consumption of 1 733.71% was denoted as a consequence of the upscaling. Trade-offs between and within efficiency and sustainability were reviled. Conclusions The study presented a model which can be used as support for decision-making for recycling processes which integrates efficiency and sustainability. Efficiency and sustainability are integrated through the application of the concept lean and green. The model supports decision-making by clearly visualize and compare effects, trade-offs and consequences through several key performance indicators evaluating efficiency and sustainability on a PVC recycling process based on lean and green implementations. By comparing the different key performance indicators, the business can improve their performance. / Bakgrund Med stora mängder avfall bestående av polyvinylklorid (PVC) har återvinning av PVC och hållbara processer blivit allt mer viktiga. Hållbar processutveckling har fått ökad uppmärksamhet det senaste decenniet på grund av ett ökande miljöhot. Samtidigt är det lika viktigt att vara effektiv för att bibehålla konkurrensfördelar på marknaden. Traditionella metoder för att förbättra effektivitet som lean utesluter hållbarhets aspekter. Green metoder fokuserar på miljöpåverkan och bortser från effektivitet. Konceptet av lean och green möjliggör och försäkrar integrationen av effektivitet och hållbarhet. Företag måste förbättra sin effektivitet utan att uppoffra hållbarhet och miljöpåverkan som en konsekvens för att bli mer konkurrenskraftiga. Därför finns det ett stort behov av underlag för beslutsfattning som behandlar både effektivitet och hållbarhet. Syfte Syftet med studien är att tillhandahålla underlag för beslutsfattning inom återvinningsmiljöer med fokus på att förbättra effektivitet- och hållbarhetsprestationer simultant. Målet med studien är att öka kunskap om integrationen mellan effektivitet och hållbarhet som underlag för beslutsfattning. Metod En modell baserad på konceptet lean och green utvecklades genom användning av vanligt förekommande indikatorer för att utvärdera effektivitet och hållbarhet. För att undersöka applicerbarhet av modellen genomfördes en fallstudie på ett företag med en PVC återvinningsprocess. Data samlades in på ett företag för att skapa olika scenarion baserade på lean och greentillämpningar, vilka analyserades genom användning av diskret eventsimulering. Scenariona blev sedan utvärderade genom modellen för att se förbättringar av effektivitet och hållbarhet. Resultat Resultatet från fallstudien visar en minskning i ledtid på 55.99%. En ökning i genomströmning och koldioxid besparingar på 30 970.85% respektive påvisades på grund av upp skalningen. En ökning på 2 252.92% i total kostnad krävs för investering. En ökning i vattenkonsumtion på 7 584.89% och i energikonsumtion på 1 733.71% erhölls som en konsekvens av upp skalningen. Kompromisser både inom och mellan effektivitet och hållbarhet uppstod. Slutsatser Studien presenterar en modell som kan användas som underlag för beslutsfattning inom återvinningsprocesser vilken integrerar effektivitet och hållbarhet. Effektivitet och hållbarhet är integrerade genom applicering av konceptet lean och green. Modellen stödjer beslutsfattning genom att tydligt visualisera och jämföra effekter, kompromisser och konsekvenser genom flertalet nyckeltal som utvärderar effektivitet och hållbarhet av en PVC återvinningsprocess baserat på lean- och greenimplementeringar. Genom jämförelse av olika nyckeltal kan företag förbättra sin prestation.

In order to stay competitive in today’s overly competitive market place, businesses must be engineered to match product characteristics and customer requirements. This increased emphasis on achieving highly adaptive manufacturing with reduction in manufacturing costs, better utilization of manufacturing resources and sound environmental management practices force organisations to adopt efficient management practices in their manufacturing operations. Some of the established practices in this context belong to the Lean, Agility and Green (LAG) paradigms. Adopting these practices in order to address customer requirements may require some level of expertise and understanding of the contribution (or lack of it) of the practices in meeting those requirements. Primarily, the wide choice of LAG practices available to address customer requirements can be confusing and/or challenging for those with limited knowledge of LAG practices and their efficacy. There is currently no systematic methodology available for selecting appropriate LAG practices considering of the product life cycle (PLC). Therefore, this research provides a novel framework for selecting appropriate LAG practices based on PLC stages for reducing costs, lead time and generated waste. The methodology describes the application of analytic hierarchy process (AHP), statistical inference and regression analysis as decision support tools, ensuring a systematic approach to the analysis with appropriate performance measures. The data collected were analysed with the aid of SPSS and Excel using a variety of statistical methods. The framework was verified through a Delphi study and validated using a case study. The key findings of the research include the various contributions of lean, agile and green practices towards improving performance measures, the importance of green in improving performance measures and the importance of selecting appropriate practices based on product life cycle stages. This research makes a clear contribution to existing body of knowledge by providing a methodological framework which could serve as a guide for companies in the FMCG industry to systematically integrate and adopt lean, agile and green to better manage their processes and meet customer requirements in their organisations. However, the framework developed in this research has not been tested in other areas.

This master thesis project was initiated in connection to the research project “Green Production Systems”, which is being conducted at Mälardalen University with involvement of academics and Swedish automotive and manufacturing industries. This thesis is prepared in guidance of “Development of guidelines for environmental value improvement and cost decrease” work package and the work package associated “Lean and Green Production Systems” master thesis proposal (see Appendix I). The aim of the thesis is to provide the work package with an international aspect under the given master thesis proposal scoping. The main objective of this thesis has been to contribute to a further understanding of how approaches to lean and green can be used to develop competitive production systems. A theoretical frame of reference has been presented in order to provide the research with a theoretical foundation. Further, empirical studies of four companies from China and Turkey have been carried out to investigate how companies perceive and work with their production systems in terms of applications of lean and green approaches. The empirical studies also aimed at identifying good examples of current practices that the companies achieved within the area.

A preocupação mundial com a sustentabilidade tem levado as organizações a investigar, cada vez mais, alternativas para melhorar a sua desempenho ambiental e, assim, garantir o desenvolvimento dos seus negócios de forma sustentável. Com o passar dos anos, a literatura tem apresentado diferentes estratégias para apoiar a evolução de empresas ambientalmente conscientes, embora muito pouco tenha se explorado com relação ao potencial para promover a sustentabilidade inerente às práticas de manufatura já existentes. Com o propósito de promover o desenvolvimento de uma cultura de melhoria contínua, lean thinking, ou pensamento enxuto, descreve uma filosofia de trabalho aplicada por muitas empresas de manufatura, a qual foca a eliminação de desperdícios e a aplicação de recursos somente onde há criação de valor para o cliente final. Seguindo essa ideia, o mesmo pensamento de se fazer mais com menos do lean thinking pode ser adaptado para a melhoria dos fluxos que são suporte à produção, isto é materiais, energia e geração de resíduos os quais causam significativo impacto ambiental, contribuindo, assim, para o desenvolvimento de negócios mais sustentáveis. A literatura apresenta diversas evidencias nas quais não só o uso da filosofia lean ajudou na redução de impacto ambiental, mas também exemplos em que a integração dos conceitos de lean e meio ambiente, Lean e Green, é positiva e complementar para redução de resíduos e perdas na produção. Entretanto, não foram encontrados outros estudos com o propósito especifico de utilizar o lean para redução do impacto ambiental na manufatura, incluindo a utilização de um pré-requisito, em termos de nível de desenvolvimento e conhecimento de lean, como requerimento crítico para sua aplicabilidade. O principal objetivo desse projeto é propor um novo modelo, chamado de Lean & Green Business Model (L&GBM). Integrando conceitos de lean e meio ambiente através do desenvolvimento de kaizens em células e em todo fluxo de produção, o modelo desenvolvido tem como principal objetivo a redução do impacto ambiental gerado pelos processos produtivos. O projeto desenvolvido reporta os resultados da aplicação do Modelo Lean e Green em uma corporação multinacional de engenharia, incluindo os resultados do desdobramento do mesmo em diferentes circunstancias: (1) teste piloto em duas células, (2) aplicação do modelo em sete células, (3) aplicação do modelo para células irmãs, (4) aplicação do modelo para fluxo de produção, (5) aplicação do modelo em diferentes ambientes da manufatura. Alguns dos principais resultados identificados até este momento através do desenvolvimento dessa pesquisa incluem: (i) L&GBM é uma boa estratégia de prevenção da poluição, reduzindo de 12 a 35% a aplicação dos fluxos de massa e energia, (ii) L&GBM pode ser usado para reduzir custos, isto é, custos da manufatura de 2 a 8%, (iii), L&GBM adiciona uma nova dimensão ao modelo tradicional de lean, (iv) L&GBM integra completamente os conceitos de lean e sustentabilidade ambiental e (v) L&GBM requer um nível de estabilidade na manufatura para ser aplicado. / Global awareness regarding environmental sustainability has prompted enterprises to investigate different alternatives for improving environmental performance in order to deploy sustainable businesses. There is a growing body of literature proposing different sustainability alternatives for environmentally-conscious firms, although not many have really explored the sustainability side of existent manufacturing strategies. With the purpose of promoting a continuous improvement culture within the business, lean thinking describes a working philosophy applied by many manufacturers, which considers the expenditure of resources for any goal other than the creation of value for the end customer, to be wasteful. Therefore, the same idea of doing more with less from lean thinking can be applied for improving material, energy flows and wastes streams that cause significant environmental impacts, thus supporting the development of a sustainable business. There has been lots of anecdotal evidence that a lean approach can help make the business case for environmental impact reduction and an integrated Lean and Green works for (1) reduction of production waste, (2) reduction of environmental impact but little empirical evidence to substantiate this. The main objective of this project is to propose a new model, which is called Lean & Green Business Model (L&GBM). In this model, environmental sustainability is integrated into pure lean thinking. The model presented in here adopts a Kaizen approach to improve mass and energy flows in manufacturing environments that already possess the necessary deployment level to apply lean thinking. Evidence-based results are first reviewed. It is presented findings to support the need of manufacturing stability as a prerequisite for integrating lean and green at the manufacturing level. The integrated lean and green approach results in (i) a reduction in production waste and (ii) a reduction in environmental impact. The project reports the findings of application of the model in a major engineering international corporation, including the results of the model deployment in several different circumstances: (1) pilot testing in two cells, (2) cell roll out in seven cells, (3) application for sisters’ cells, (4) application for a value stream and (5) application in different manufacturing environments. Some of the research key findings identified include: (i) L&GBM is a good pollution prevention strategy, reducing from 12 to 35% mass and energy flows, (ii) L&GBM can be used to reduce costs, reducing operational manufacturing mass and energy flow costs by 2 to 8%, (iii) L&GBM introduces a new dimension into traditional lean thinking, the environmental concerns, motivating a conceptual transition, (iv) L&GBM fully integrates lean thinking and green thinking, merging the fundamental principles of lean and green thinking (v) L&GBM requires a sufficient level of manufacturing stability and lean deployment prior to its introduction.

A preocupação mundial com a sustentabilidade tem levado as organizações a investigar, cada vez mais, alternativas para melhorar a sua desempenho ambiental e, assim, garantir o desenvolvimento dos seus negócios de forma sustentável. Com o passar dos anos, a literatura tem apresentado diferentes estratégias para apoiar a evolução de empresas ambientalmente conscientes, embora muito pouco tenha se explorado com relação ao potencial para promover a sustentabilidade inerente às práticas de manufatura já existentes. Com o propósito de promover o desenvolvimento de uma cultura de melhoria contínua, lean thinking, ou pensamento enxuto, descreve uma filosofia de trabalho aplicada por muitas empresas de manufatura, a qual foca a eliminação de desperdícios e a aplicação de recursos somente onde há criação de valor para o cliente final. Seguindo essa ideia, o mesmo pensamento de se fazer mais com menos do lean thinking pode ser adaptado para a melhoria dos fluxos que são suporte à produção, isto é materiais, energia e geração de resíduos os quais causam significativo impacto ambiental, contribuindo, assim, para o desenvolvimento de negócios mais sustentáveis. A literatura apresenta diversas evidencias nas quais não só o uso da filosofia lean ajudou na redução de impacto ambiental, mas também exemplos em que a integração dos conceitos de lean e meio ambiente, Lean e Green, é positiva e complementar para redução de resíduos e perdas na produção. Entretanto, não foram encontrados outros estudos com o propósito especifico de utilizar o lean para redução do impacto ambiental na manufatura, incluindo a utilização de um pré-requisito, em termos de nível de desenvolvimento e conhecimento de lean, como requerimento crítico para sua aplicabilidade. O principal objetivo desse projeto é propor um novo modelo, chamado de Lean & Green Business Model (L&GBM). Integrando conceitos de lean e meio ambiente através do desenvolvimento de kaizens em células e em todo fluxo de produção, o modelo desenvolvido tem como principal objetivo a redução do impacto ambiental gerado pelos processos produtivos. O projeto desenvolvido reporta os resultados da aplicação do Modelo Lean e Green em uma corporação multinacional de engenharia, incluindo os resultados do desdobramento do mesmo em diferentes circunstancias: (1) teste piloto em duas células, (2) aplicação do modelo em sete células, (3) aplicação do modelo para células irmãs, (4) aplicação do modelo para fluxo de produção, (5) aplicação do modelo em diferentes ambientes da manufatura. Alguns dos principais resultados identificados até este momento através do desenvolvimento dessa pesquisa incluem: (i) L&GBM é uma boa estratégia de prevenção da poluição, reduzindo de 12 a 35% a aplicação dos fluxos de massa e energia, (ii) L&GBM pode ser usado para reduzir custos, isto é, custos da manufatura de 2 a 8%, (iii), L&GBM adiciona uma nova dimensão ao modelo tradicional de lean, (iv) L&GBM integra completamente os conceitos de lean e sustentabilidade ambiental e (v) L&GBM requer um nível de estabilidade na manufatura para ser aplicado. / Global awareness regarding environmental sustainability has prompted enterprises to investigate different alternatives for improving environmental performance in order to deploy sustainable businesses. There is a growing body of literature proposing different sustainability alternatives for environmentally-conscious firms, although not many have really explored the sustainability side of existent manufacturing strategies. With the purpose of promoting a continuous improvement culture within the business, lean thinking describes a working philosophy applied by many manufacturers, which considers the expenditure of resources for any goal other than the creation of value for the end customer, to be wasteful. Therefore, the same idea of doing more with less from lean thinking can be applied for improving material, energy flows and wastes streams that cause significant environmental impacts, thus supporting the development of a sustainable business. There has been lots of anecdotal evidence that a lean approach can help make the business case for environmental impact reduction and an integrated Lean and Green works for (1) reduction of production waste, (2) reduction of environmental impact but little empirical evidence to substantiate this. The main objective of this project is to propose a new model, which is called Lean & Green Business Model (L&GBM). In this model, environmental sustainability is integrated into pure lean thinking. The model presented in here adopts a Kaizen approach to improve mass and energy flows in manufacturing environments that already possess the necessary deployment level to apply lean thinking. Evidence-based results are first reviewed. It is presented findings to support the need of manufacturing stability as a prerequisite for integrating lean and green at the manufacturing level. The integrated lean and green approach results in (i) a reduction in production waste and (ii) a reduction in environmental impact. The project reports the findings of application of the model in a major engineering international corporation, including the results of the model deployment in several different circumstances: (1) pilot testing in two cells, (2) cell roll out in seven cells, (3) application for sisters’ cells, (4) application for a value stream and (5) application in different manufacturing environments. Some of the research key findings identified include: (i) L&GBM is a good pollution prevention strategy, reducing from 12 to 35% mass and energy flows, (ii) L&GBM can be used to reduce costs, reducing operational manufacturing mass and energy flow costs by 2 to 8%, (iii) L&GBM introduces a new dimension into traditional lean thinking, the environmental concerns, motivating a conceptual transition, (iv) L&GBM fully integrates lean thinking and green thinking, merging the fundamental principles of lean and green thinking (v) L&GBM requires a sufficient level of manufacturing stability and lean deployment prior to its introduction.

A preocupação mundial com a sustentabilidade tem levado as organizações a investigar, cada vez mais, alternativas para melhorar a sua desempenho ambiental e, assim, garantir o desenvolvimento dos seus negócios de forma sustentável. Com o passar dos anos, a literatura tem apresentado diferentes estratégias para apoiar a evolução de empresas ambientalmente conscientes, embora muito pouco tenha se explorado com relação ao potencial para promover a sustentabilidade inerente às práticas de manufatura já existentes. Com o propósito de promover o desenvolvimento de uma cultura de melhoria contínua, lean thinking, ou pensamento enxuto, descreve uma filosofia de trabalho aplicada por muitas empresas de manufatura, a qual foca a eliminação de desperdícios e a aplicação de recursos somente onde há criação de valor para o cliente final. Seguindo essa ideia, o mesmo pensamento de se fazer mais com menos do lean thinking pode ser adaptado para a melhoria dos fluxos que são suporte à produção, isto é materiais, energia e geração de resíduos os quais causam significativo impacto ambiental, contribuindo, assim, para o desenvolvimento de negócios mais sustentáveis. A literatura apresenta diversas evidencias nas quais não só o uso da filosofia lean ajudou na redução de impacto ambiental, mas também exemplos em que a integração dos conceitos de lean e meio ambiente, Lean e Green, é positiva e complementar para redução de resíduos e perdas na produção. Entretanto, não foram encontrados outros estudos com o propósito especifico de utilizar o lean para redução do impacto ambiental na manufatura, incluindo a utilização de um pré-requisito, em termos de nível de desenvolvimento e conhecimento de lean, como requerimento crítico para sua aplicabilidade. O principal objetivo desse projeto é propor um novo modelo, chamado de Lean & Green Business Model (L&GBM). Integrando conceitos de lean e meio ambiente através do desenvolvimento de kaizens em células e em todo fluxo de produção, o modelo desenvolvido tem como principal objetivo a redução do impacto ambiental gerado pelos processos produtivos. O projeto desenvolvido reporta os resultados da aplicação do Modelo Lean e Green em uma corporação multinacional de engenharia, incluindo os resultados do desdobramento do mesmo em diferentes circunstancias: (1) teste piloto em duas células, (2) aplicação do modelo em sete células, (3) aplicação do modelo para células irmãs, (4) aplicação do modelo para fluxo de produção, (5) aplicação do modelo em diferentes ambientes da manufatura. Alguns dos principais resultados identificados até este momento através do desenvolvimento dessa pesquisa incluem: (i) L&GBM é uma boa estratégia de prevenção da poluição, reduzindo de 12 a 35% a aplicação dos fluxos de massa e energia, (ii) L&GBM pode ser usado para reduzir custos, isto é, custos da manufatura de 2 a 8%, (iii), L&GBM adiciona uma nova dimensão ao modelo tradicional de lean, (iv) L&GBM integra completamente os conceitos de lean e sustentabilidade ambiental e (v) L&GBM requer um nível de estabilidade na manufatura para ser aplicado. / Global awareness regarding environmental sustainability has prompted enterprises to investigate different alternatives for improving environmental performance in order to deploy sustainable businesses. There is a growing body of literature proposing different sustainability alternatives for environmentally-conscious firms, although not many have really explored the sustainability side of existent manufacturing strategies. With the purpose of promoting a continuous improvement culture within the business, lean thinking describes a working philosophy applied by many manufacturers, which considers the expenditure of resources for any goal other than the creation of value for the end customer, to be wasteful. Therefore, the same idea of doing more with less from lean thinking can be applied for improving material, energy flows and wastes streams that cause significant environmental impacts, thus supporting the development of a sustainable business. There has been lots of anecdotal evidence that a lean approach can help make the business case for environmental impact reduction and an integrated Lean and Green works for (1) reduction of production waste, (2) reduction of environmental impact but little empirical evidence to substantiate this. The main objective of this project is to propose a new model, which is called Lean & Green Business Model (L&GBM). In this model, environmental sustainability is integrated into pure lean thinking. The model presented in here adopts a Kaizen approach to improve mass and energy flows in manufacturing environments that already possess the necessary deployment level to apply lean thinking. Evidence-based results are first reviewed. It is presented findings to support the need of manufacturing stability as a prerequisite for integrating lean and green at the manufacturing level. The integrated lean and green approach results in (i) a reduction in production waste and (ii) a reduction in environmental impact. The project reports the findings of application of the model in a major engineering international corporation, including the results of the model deployment in several different circumstances: (1) pilot testing in two cells, (2) cell roll out in seven cells, (3) application for sisters’ cells, (4) application for a value stream and (5) application in different manufacturing environments. Some of the research key findings identified include: (i) L&GBM is a good pollution prevention strategy, reducing from 12 to 35% mass and energy flows, (ii) L&GBM can be used to reduce costs, reducing operational manufacturing mass and energy flow costs by 2 to 8%, (iii) L&GBM introduces a new dimension into traditional lean thinking, the environmental concerns, motivating a conceptual transition, (iv) L&GBM fully integrates lean thinking and green thinking, merging the fundamental principles of lean and green thinking (v) L&GBM requires a sufficient level of manufacturing stability and lean deployment prior to its introduction.

Submitted by Maicon Juliano Schmidt (maicons) on 2015-07-09T19:48:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Patrícia Sardão da Silva.pdf: 4033528 bytes, checksum: 46452b76693e6034cedae926e566e73b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-09T19:48:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Patrícia Sardão da Silva.pdf: 4033528 bytes, checksum: 46452b76693e6034cedae926e566e73b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-29 / FAPERGS - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul / Nos últimos anos, a geração de resíduos oriundos das atividades da construção civil tem crescido em grandes proporções e, com ela, o consumo de recursos naturais. A complexidade ambiental é causada pela extração e utilização desses recursos comprometendo os ecossistemas. O processo de gestão ambiental, inserido dentro do setor da construção civil, visa primeiramente à redução dos impactos ambientais e posteriormente contribui para o controle sistemático do consumo de insumos e matérias primas utilizadas no processo de produção; com possíveis ganhos na redução dos impactos ambientais negativos e na geração de resíduos, principalmente com uma menor disposição final destes resíduos no meio ambiente. Este estudo objetiva desenvolver e aplicar os conceitos da Produção Mais Limpa e da filosofia Lean and Green em uma Central Dosadora de Concreto, com a finalidade de avaliar ambientalmente o processo de produção de concreto. O estudo de caso foi desenvolvido com base na análise e interpretação do diagnóstico ambiental juntamente com a revisão dos registros documentais, fotográficos e visitas periódicas em uma Central Dosadora de Concreto localizada em um município do extremo sul do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Primeiramente, foi realizado um diagnóstico ambiental para avaliar a situação atual da empresa. Posteriormente foram coletados dados quali-quantitativos para elaboração dos indicadores ambientais e, por último, foram analisados os resultados levantados. Diante da análise da abordagem dos conceitos de Produção Mais Limpa e da filosofia Lean and Green foi possível alinhar e avaliar a central dosadora de concreto. No período de estudo foi possível identificar que sem a devida orientação e capacitação ambiental aplicada a todos os colaboradores envolvidos, não é possível desenvolver uma melhoria contínua de seus processos com redução dos impactos ambientais desta atividade. Dentre os fatores observados e avaliados positivamente foi a capacidade e empenho do ecotime ao longo da pesquisa, mesmo não tendo identificado a consciência e conscientização dos gestores, mas houve o interesse pelo assunto e pequena mudança de postura. Deste modo, a partir dos conceitos é possível promover um método de avaliação ambiental e iniciar um banco de dados através da análise do fluxo de matérias-primas, sendo de maior relevância a possibilidade de mitigação dos impactos ambientais através da implantação da gestão dos resíduos da concreteira. / In recent years, the generation of waste from the construction activities has grown into large proportions, and with it, the consumption of natural resources. Environmental complexity is caused by the extraction and use of these resources compromising ecosystems. The process of environmental management, applied within the construction industry, primarily aimed at reducing environmental impacts and subsequently contributes to the systematic control of the consumption of inputs and raw materials used in the production process; with possible gains in reducing negative environmental impacts and waste generation, especially with a smaller final disposal of these wastes into the environment. This study aims to develop apply the concepts of Cleaner Production and Lean and Green philosophy in a Central Concrete Dosing, with the purpose of environmentally evaluate the process of concrete production. The case study was developed based on the analysis and interpretation of environmental assessment together with a review of the documentary, photographic periodic visits and records in a Central Concrete Dosing a municipality located in the southernmost state of Rio Grande do Sul. Firstly, one environmental assessment was conducted to assess the current situation. Later qualitative and quantitative data for the preparation of environmental indicators were collected and, finally, the results gathered were analyzed. Among the results, it was found that the specific approach the concepts of Cleaner Production and Lean and Green philosophy is suitable for you can evaluate the dosing concrete plants, as well as the possibilities for the reduction of environmental impacts should be evaluated the generation of the product. There must be a good level of environmental concern ally rational use of natural resources and especially the engagement of all stakeholders, so that the company can develop a pattern of continuous improvement with a focus on sustainability. During this research it was found that if the company uses the concepts of Cleaner Production and Lean and Green philosophy as environmental assessment method in its production process is environmentally possible to manage the company, as well as reduce the impact potential impacts promoted by production concrete. It is still possible to optimize the existing process with the allowance of environmental indicators and disseminate consumer or environmental agencies improvements of the environmental aspects of its products and processes, or even environmental qualities compare with other competitors. Thus, from these concepts is possible to promote a method of environmental assessment of all emissions, the flow of raw materials used, and in order to help better environmental management and reducing environmental impacts in Concrete Batching Plants.

<p>The production of row crops in the Midwestern (Indiana) region of the US has been facing environmental and economic sustainability issues. There has been an increase in trend for the application of fertilizers (Nitrogen & Phosphorus), farm machinery fuel costs and decrease in labor productivity leading to non-optimized usage of farm-inputs. A structured literature review describes Lean and Green practices such as profitability (return on investments), operational cost reduction, hazardous waste reduction, delivery performance and overall productivity might be adopted in the context of Precision Agriculture practices (variable rate irrigation, variable rate fertilization, cloud-based analytics, and telematics for farm-machinery navigation). </p> <p>The literature review describes low adoption of Internet of Things (IoT) based precision agriculture practices, such as variable rate fertilizer (39 %), variable rate pesticide (8%), variable rate irrigation (4 %), cloud-based data analytics (21 %) and telematics (10 %) amongst Midwestern row crop producers. Barriers for the adoption of IoT based Precision Agriculture practices include cost effectiveness, power requirements, communication range, data latency, data scalability, data storage, data processing and data interoperability. Focused group interviews (n=3) with Subject Matter Expertise (SME’s) (N=18) in IoT based Precision Agriculture practices were conducted to understand and define decision-making variables related to barriers. The content analysis and subsequent ISM model informed an action research approach in the deployment of an IoT wireless sensor nodes for performance improvement. The improvements resulted in variable cost reduction by 94 %, power consumption cost reduction by 60 %, and improved data interoperable and user-interactive IoT wireless sensor-based data pipeline for improved adoption of Precision Agriculture practices. A relationship analysis of performance data (n=2505) from the IoT sensor deployment empirically validated the ISM model and explained the variation in power consumption for mitigation of IoT adoption among producers. The scope of future research for predicting IoT power consumption, based upon the growing season through correlation was developed in this study. </p> <p>The implications of this research inform adopters (row-crop producers), researchers and precision agriculture practitioners that a Lean and Green framework is driven substantively by cost and power concerns in an IoT sensors-based precision agriculture solution. </p>

Miljömässig hållbarhet är en förutsättning för en fortsatt hållbar ekonomisk utveckling ochför en fortsatt konkurrenskraft, genom olika verktyg kan så väl miljö- som hållbarhetsarbeteatt utvecklas. Syftet med den här studien har varit att identifiera miljöaspekter för att sedanåstadkomma praktiska åtgärder med målet att öka tempot i miljöförbättringsarbetet.Arbetet är utfört vid produktionsenheten AstraZeneca Sweden Operations i Södertälje, påenheten tillverkas aktiv läkemedelsubstans och enheten står för tillverkning, formulering,fyllning och förpackning av slutprodukter. Enheten Sweden Operations, som är AstraZenecasstörsta högteknologiska produktionsenhet, är indelad i sju olika fabriker som kallas för PET.Detta arbete är utfört vid PET Turbuhaler, vid en av de produktionslinjer som producerarinhalatorn Turbuhaler Symbicort.Att utsläppen måste minska är idag de flesta överens om, de finns olika tillvägagångssätt attgöra det på. I det här arbetet har fokus varit på att använda metoden Green PerformanceMap (GPM), det är en metod som integrerar lean och miljöarbete och kan användas som ettverktyg för miljöförbättringsarbete. I detta arbete har GPM-metoden använts för attidentifiera de miljöaspekter som finns på produktionslinjen på PET Turbuhaler i AstraZeneca.Vidare har ett flertal av dessa identifierade miljöaspekter analyserats djupare ur ettekonomiskt- och miljöperspektiv, under arbetet har medarbetare från operatörsnivå tillledningsnivå involverats. Genom att sätta fokus på kostnadsdrivna förbättringar inom miljönoch involvera fler medarbetare kan drivkraften för det gröna förbättringsarbetet i enverksamhet ökas.Med identifiering som grund har en karta tagits fram över de miljöaspekter som finns iproduktionsprocessen, både i form av material och energi. Vidare har dessa miljöaspekterdiskuterats och kunnat värderas i miljö- och kostnadsbesparingar. / Environmental sustainability is a prerequisite for a sustainable economic development andfor competitiveness, the environmental as well as the sustainability work, can through varioustools, be developed. The purpose of this study has been to identify environmental aspectsand then to provide practical measures aimed to improve the environmental improvementactivities.The thesis work was carried out at AstraZeneca Sweden Operations in Södertälje, the siteproduces active pharmaceuticals ingredients and is responsible for the manufacture,formulation, filling and packaging of end products. Sweden Operations site is AstraZeneca'slargest high-tech facility, the facility is divided into seven different sections called PET. Thiswork has been performed at PET Turbuhaler, at one of the production lines that produces theTurbuhaler Symbicort Inhaler.In this work, the focus has been on studying the environmental aspects by using the GreenPerformance Map (GPM), it is a method of continuous improvement tools in the “lean andgreen” area and can be used as a tool for improving the environmental performance. In thiswork the GPM method has been used to identify the environmental aspects of the PETTurbuhaler production line in AstraZeneca. Furthermore, a number of these identifiedenvironmental aspects have been analysed deeper from an economic and environmentalperspective. By focusing on cost-driven improvements in the environment and by involvingmore employees, the ‘step-up the pace’ of improvement can be increased.Based on the identified aspects, a map of environmental aspects was drawn up, representingmaterials and energy. Furthermore, these environmental aspects have been discussed toassess the environmental and cost savings.