The topics of this diploma thesis are dictations and orthographic exercises within didactics of the Czech language. The thesis consists of theoretical part, which contains a definition of the term didactics of Czech language, its inclusion among the other fields of science and their relationship. In this part of the thesis, I also focus on orthography, which includes dictation. The core of the theoretical part is characteristics of dictation, principles of dictated text and evaluation and classification of a written dictation. A part of the thesis is also a chapter dealing with specific learning disabilities. The practical part of this diploma thesis is dedicated to the analysis of textbooks of Czech language and orthographic publications. Detailed description of each particular dictation focusing on punctuation is presented in this part. At the end of the thesis is a brief summary and evaluation of the analysis of individual types of dictation and alternatively orthographic exercises.

This thesis reports the findings of my study of students with visual-spatial deficits in my specialist school in the city of New York. It is comprised of a pilot study, mathematical interviews, and interventions with students and teachers. This study is qualitative and primarily uses case studies to explain the interventions with both the students and the teachers. The study is made up of interventions with two students, and interventions with several teachers who work in my specialist K-12 school which includes both primary and secondary school teachers. Since very little research has been conducted in this field to this point, the findings presented in this thesis aim to give teachers, especially secondary school mathematics teachers, an understanding of the challenges that secondary school students with visual-spatial deficits face when they are learning mathematics. In addition, this research also discusses intervention sessions that I conducted with teachers that gives some insights into educating secondary school mathematics teachers about mathematics learning disabilities and their impact on the students that they teach. The main findings of this research are that there are effective interventions for both students and teachers that help students with visual-spatial deficits learn mathematics. A successful theme that has emerged is centring which helps students to start questions that they find challenging, and also focus their attention on obtaining a solution. It can sometimes lead to a greater understanding of mathematics as well.

Foram estudados 125 pacientes em idade escolar que procuraram o Posto de Atendimento Médico Especializado (PAME) da cidade de São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, nos anos de 2003 e 2004, encaminhados pela escola, pelo pediatra ou Conselho Tutelar, por estarem apresentando dificuldades na escolarização. Realizaram-se entrevistas com os pais ou responsáveis, exame neurológico tradicional, exame neurológico evolutivo, eletroencefalograma em sono e vigília em todas as crianças e tomografia cerebral e ressonância magnética, quando necessário. Foram estudados aspectos neuropsicossociais dos indivíduos e de suas respectivas famílias. Encontraram-se famílias comprometidas em sua história prévia e atual: 29,30% com dificuldades escolares, 27,20% com doenças psiquiátricas, 26,10% com epilepsia, 21,70% com alcoolismo e 10,90% com deficiência mental. As comorbidades tiveram um papel relevante no desempenho escolar: 50,50% com hiperatividade, 17,20% com distúrbio de conduta e 17,20% com problemas emocionais (listados como queixa principal por ocasião do encaminhamento para a triagem). / A hundred and twenty five patients at school age referred to the Ambulatory of Specialized Diseases in the town of São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, by the school, by the pediatricians or by Tutor Counsellor, due to learning disability, were followed during the years 2003 and 2004. Parents were interviewed; neurological examination was performed as well as electroencephalographic exams. In some cases, brain computadorized tomography and brain magnetic resonance was also done, when necessary. Neurological, psychological and social aspects of the patient and his family were investigated. Both past and current conditions were found in these families: 29.30% with learning disabilities, 27.20% with mental illness, 26.10% with epilepsy, 21.70% with alcoholism, 10.90% with mental handicap. Comorbidities also played an important role in school performance: 50.50% hyperactivity, 17.20% conduct problems, 17. 20% emotional problems all listed as complaints by the school, pediatricians, parents or Tutor Counsellor.

abstract: This study re-frames learning disabilities (LD) through the emotion-laden talk of four Latina/o students with LD. The research questions included: 1) What are the emotion-laden talk of Latina/o students about being labeled with LD? 2) What are Latina/o students' emotion-laden talk of the idea of LD? I identified master narratives, the "pre-existent sociocultural forms of interpretation. They are meant to delineate and confine the local interpretation strategies and agency constellations in individual subjects as well as in social institutions," (Bamberg, 2004, p. 287) within the following literatures to inform my research questions and conceptual framework: a) historiography and interdisciplinary literature on LD; b) policy (i.e., Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)), c) the academic and d) social and emotional dimensions of LD; and e) student voice research with students with LD. Interdisciplinary, critical ethnographic and qualitative research methods such as taking into account issues of power, etic and emic perspectives, in-depth interviewing, field notes were used. Total participants included: four students, three parents and three teachers. More specifically, descriptive coding, identification of emotion-laden talk, a thematic analysis, memoing and intersectional and cultural-historical developmental constructs were used to analyze students’ emotion-laden talk. Emotion-laden talk about being labeled with LD included the hegemony of smartness, disability microaggressions, on the trinity of LD: help + teachers + literacy troubles, on being bullied, embarrassment to ask for assistance from others and help as hope. The emotion-laden talk about the idea of LD included LD as double-edge sword, LDness as X, the meaning of LD as resource, trouble with information processing, speech, and silence, the salience of the intersection of disability, ethnicity and language and other markers of difference, struggles due to lack of understanding and LD myths. This study provides a discussion and implications for theory, research, policy, and practice. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Curriculum and Instruction 2016

I november 2017 kom Skolverkets rapport om samläsning i gymnasiesärskolan och gymnasieskolan. I rapporten belyser Skolverket att det strävas efter integrering och inkludering i det svenska skolväsendet och samläsning är en del av den inkluderande skolan. Denna studies syfte är att bidra med kunskap om hur elever upplever samläsning utifrån begreppen begriplighet, hanterbarhet och meningsfullhet. Vid insamling av data har fyra elever på gymnasiesärskolan, som samläser sina karaktärsämnen med elever tillhörande de nationella gymnasieprogrammen, yrkesintroduktionen, observerats och intervjuats. Eleverna går på två olika gymnasiesärskolor. Resultaten har sedan tolkats utifrån Antonovskys (2005) teoretiska ramverk KASAM, genom en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Begreppet begriplighet syftar till i vilken utsträckning inre och yttre stimuli upplevs som förnuftsmässigt gripbara. Analysen visar att eleverna tolkar och visar sin förståelse på olika sätt beroende på om det är skoluppgifter som tränas i en konstruerad lärmiljö inför kommande arbetsliv eller uppgifter som tränas i autentisk arbetsmiljö, i skolans regi. I begreppet hanterbarhet beskrivs de resurser människan upplever sig ha tillgång till och om de är tillräckliga i jämförelse mot att möta de krav som ställs. Analysen visar att eleverna hanterar uppgifter skriftligt, muntligt och praktiskt, i grupp där pedagoger finns tillgängliga. De upplever sig vara inkluderade och delaktiga fullt ut, när de arbetar i grupp. Meningsfullhet innebär att man har saker som man upplever som viktiga och motiverande i sitt liv. Analysen visar att eleverna uttrycker att de känner sig jämbördiga vid samläsning och att de inte ser några skillnader mellan eleverna på de 3-åriga gymnasieprogrammen och eleverna på de 4-åriga gymnasiesärskoleprogrammen, i karaktärsämnen. Elever uttrycker också fördelar med att se hur andra elever arbetar.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T15:10:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1200401 bytes, checksum: d6f952abb0758d52c385ea91b2a082ec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-11-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This thesis conducted an exploratory study at a state school for elementary and high school in the city of Sao Jose de Piranhas Collection. His goal was to investigate the teaching methodologies used by teachers who teach in the discipline of mathematics in the 1st year of high school, setting the related processes do school. The specific aims were: a brief history of mathematics education in Brazil; place the mathematics tier and map the teaching of mathematics in the classroom. We conducted a field study and used as data collection, classroom observations and interviews with teachers who teach the discipline of mathematics, through semi-structured. The study investigated the fact that mathematics, although it is present in every moment of life of the student, has been over the years, one of the disciplines most feared by the Brazilian school students, high rates of school failure and school contrast between the mathematics that is taught in school and mathematics that students practice in their day to day. The results show that there are several factors that contribute to learning difficulties in mathematics, among them reveals the deskilling of teachers, lack of infrastructure and poor basic school curriculum of high school students, with regard to their level basic knowledge, which reveals low compared to the mathematical content. The initiatives in adopting new paradigms, like a restudy of the school's philosophy, the evolution of conceptions about learning from the renewal of curricula and the way of teaching are in construction stage, expected to be effective change, even the medium term. / Esta dissertação realizou um estudo exploratório numa escola estadual de ensino fundamental e médio na cidade de São José de Piranhas, Paraíba. Seu objetivo foi investigar as metodologias de ensino utilizadas pelos professores que lecionam na disciplina de matemática nas 1as séries do ensino médio, configurando os processos relacionados ao fazer escolar. Os objetivos específicos da pesquisa foram: fazer um breve histórico do ensino da matemática no Brasil; situar a matemática em nível metodológico e mapear o ensino de matemática no cotidiano escolar. Foi realizado um estudo de campo e empregou, como de coleta de dados, observações em sala de aulas e entrevistas com os professores que ensinam a disciplina de matemática, através de roteiros semi-estruturados. A pesquisa investigou o fato de que, a matemática, embora esteja presente em todos os momentos da vida do educando, tem sido no decorrer dos anos, uma das disciplinas mais temida pelos alunos da escola brasileira; os altos índices de reprovação e evasão escolar e a contraposição existente entre a matemática que se ensina na escola e a matemática que o aluno pratica no seu dia a dia. Os resultados mostram que são vários os fatores que contribuem para a dificuldade de aprendizagem em matemática, entre eles, revela a desqualificação profissional dos professores, a falta de estrutura escolar e a deficiente base curricular dos alunos do ensino médio, no que diz respeito ao seu nível de conhecimento básico, que se revela baixo em relação aos conteúdos matemáticos. As iniciativas em se adotar novos paradigmas, a exemplo de um reestudo da filosofia da escola, pela evolução das concepções sobre o aprender a partir da renovação dos currículos e da maneira de se ensinar se encontram em estágio de construção, com previsão de mudanças efetivas, ainda que a médio prazo.

Thesis (MEd (Inclusive Education))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. / A need for learning support in mainstream schools has come to the fore with the implementation of the inclusive education policy in South Africa. Learners who experience barriers to learning are withdrawn from the mainstream class in small groups in order to receive extra support in their home language and mathematics. The purpose of this mixed-method convergent study was to determine the influence of withdrawal from the mainstream classroom, for learning support, on the foundation phase learners’ self-esteem. The phenomena were studied from the perspective of mainstream and learning support teachers as well as the learners. In the quantitative phase, surveys consisting of open and closed questions were distributed to seventy mainstream and seven learning support teachers. The qualitative phase used Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) to analyse data gleaned from the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale which had been adapted into an interview schedule in order to determine the perceptions of self-esteem, of five foundation phase learners, who were withdrawn from the mainstream classroom for learning support. This study found that learning support did not seem to have a negative influence on the global self-esteem of the learner participants in this study. It was found that the school culture and mainstream teachers’ attitudes had a negative influence on learners’ self-esteem. Other variables that had a negative influence on self-esteem were family relationships and the learners’ social competence and acceptance, and non-academic competencies were shown to have a greater effect on self-esteem. Overall, both the teachers and learners indicated that they perceived that LS had a positive influence on learners’ self-esteem.

This diploma thesis deals with the self-concept of children in the class which have the specific diseases of learning. These kids are in their pre-adolescent age (12-15 years). The first part of the thesis gives the definitions related to the discussed topic and these defined terms aim to offer basic information to the reader about the issue. The next part reflects the research itself which aspires to find out and compare the self-concept of children with the specific learning disorder with children who were not diagnosed with this disease. The standardized tests were used for the research which allowed to find out the level of extroversion, introversion and neuroticism in case of children and also, these research were used to find out whether there is an effort for desiderabiltiy, and further such child´s positiion among other kids, his imagination of learning skills and abilities in different subject; i.e. whether the types of specific learning disorder can negatively influence mental stability of the child and whether these have a contribution in relation to his possible neurotic development.

Foram estudados 125 pacientes em idade escolar que procuraram o Posto de Atendimento Médico Especializado (PAME) da cidade de São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, nos anos de 2003 e 2004, encaminhados pela escola, pelo pediatra ou Conselho Tutelar, por estarem apresentando dificuldades na escolarização. Realizaram-se entrevistas com os pais ou responsáveis, exame neurológico tradicional, exame neurológico evolutivo, eletroencefalograma em sono e vigília em todas as crianças e tomografia cerebral e ressonância magnética, quando necessário. Foram estudados aspectos neuropsicossociais dos indivíduos e de suas respectivas famílias. Encontraram-se famílias comprometidas em sua história prévia e atual: 29,30% com dificuldades escolares, 27,20% com doenças psiquiátricas, 26,10% com epilepsia, 21,70% com alcoolismo e 10,90% com deficiência mental. As comorbidades tiveram um papel relevante no desempenho escolar: 50,50% com hiperatividade, 17,20% com distúrbio de conduta e 17,20% com problemas emocionais (listados como queixa principal por ocasião do encaminhamento para a triagem). / A hundred and twenty five patients at school age referred to the Ambulatory of Specialized Diseases in the town of São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, by the school, by the pediatricians or by Tutor Counsellor, due to learning disability, were followed during the years 2003 and 2004. Parents were interviewed; neurological examination was performed as well as electroencephalographic exams. In some cases, brain computadorized tomography and brain magnetic resonance was also done, when necessary. Neurological, psychological and social aspects of the patient and his family were investigated. Both past and current conditions were found in these families: 29.30% with learning disabilities, 27.20% with mental illness, 26.10% with epilepsy, 21.70% with alcoholism, 10.90% with mental handicap. Comorbidities also played an important role in school performance: 50.50% hyperactivity, 17.20% conduct problems, 17. 20% emotional problems all listed as complaints by the school, pediatricians, parents or Tutor Counsellor.

Orientadores: Sylvia Maria Ciasca, Cíntia Alves Salgado Azoni / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T06:45:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lima_RicardoFrancode_M.pdf: 6801577 bytes, checksum: ac8098a38f5e89c59e23dfb53537088e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar os sintomas depressivos e as funções cognitivas de atenção e funções executivas em crianças com dislexia e crianças sem dificuldades de aprendizagem. Participaram 61 crianças, de ambos os gêneros, com idade entre 7 e 14 anos, divididas em dois grupos: (a) Grupo com Dislexia (GD) - 31 crianças com diagnóstico interdisciplinar de Dislexia do Desenvolvimento, avaliadas no Ambulatório de Neuro-Dificuldades de Aprendizagem do Hospital de Clínicas/UNICAMP; (b) Grupo Controle (GC) - 30 crianças sem dificuldades de aprendizagem, avaliadas em uma escola pública da cidade de Campinas(SP). Foram realizadas avaliações individuais utilizando os instrumentos: Inventário de Comportamentos na Infância e Adolescência (CBCL), Inventário de Depressão Infantil (CDI), Escala de Inteligência Wechsler para Crianças (WISC-III), Testes de Cancelamento (TC), Trail Making Test (TMT), Stroop Color Word Test (SCWT), Tower of London (TOL), Teste Wisconsin de Classificação de Cartas (WCST) e Teste de Fluência Verbal (FAS). Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente por meio do Programa SPSS. Conforme os resultados, os participantes apresentaram nível de inteligência de acordo com a normalidade. Houve diferenças significativas entre os grupos nos diferentes escores dos instrumentos utilizados. Também foram observadas correlações entre escores de sintomas depressivos e dos testes de atenção e funções executivas. Os achados indicam que os pais das crianças disléxicas referem maior frequência de queixas emocionais e de conduta e estas crianças são mais vulneráveis a apresentar sintomas depressivos. As crianças disléxicas também apresentam alterações na atenção e em algumas capacidades das funções executivas: flexibilidade mental, controle inibitório, uso de estratégias cognitivas, memória de trabalho e fluência verbal. As correlações obtidas sugerem que os sintomas depressivos podem interferir negativamente em funções cognitivas. Estes aspectos devem ser investigados no diagnóstico da dislexia e considerados no processo de intervenção / Abstract: The aim of this work was to evaluate depressive symptoms and cognitive functions of attention and executive functions in children with dyslexia and children without learning disabilities. A sample of 61 children of both sexes, aged between 7 and 14 years old, was divided into two groups: (a) Group with Dyslexia (GD) - 31 children diagnosed with dyslexia at Neuro-Learning Disabilities Ambulatory - Hospital de Clínicas/Unicamp; (b) Control Group (GC) - 30 children without learning disabilities evaluated at a public school in the city of Campinas (SP). Individual evaluations were performed using the following instruments: Children Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-III), Cancellation Test (CT), Trail Making Test (TMT), Stroop Color Word Test (SCWT), Tower of London (TOL), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), and the Verbal Fluency Test (FAS). Data was analyzed statistically using the SPSS program. The results showed that participants had levels of intelligence according to the normality. There were significant differences between groups in scores of different instruments. Correlations between scores of depressive symptoms and attention and executive functions tests were also observed. The findings indicate that parents of dyslexic children reported greater frequency of emotional and conduct complaints, and these children are more vulnerable to depressive symptoms. They have shown alterations in attention and in some skills of executive functions: mental flexibility, inhibitory control, use of cognitive strategies, working memory, and verbal fluency. Correlations obtained suggest that depressive symptoms may negatively influence on cognitive functions. These aspects should be investigated in the diagnosis of dyslexia and considered in the intervention process / Mestrado / Ciencias Biomedicas / Mestre em Ciências Médicas