The main goal of this study was to analyze the economic concepts materials of Social Studies Learning Areas textbooks of the junior high school in Taiwan for researching the distributive conditions and the content of economic concepts materials in the Social Studies Learning Areas textbooks. The purposes of this study were¡G(1)to explore the meanings of economic education and the relationship between economic education and Social Studies Learning Areas¡F(2)to analyze the differences of economic concepts on all the four editions¡F(3)to analyze the differences of economic competence indicators on all the four editions¡F(4)to induct and research discovery, as references in achievement junior high school textbooks related economic concepts copy editor. This study applied content analysis approach, and the study targets were the Grade 7-9 Social Studies Learning Areas of Grade 1-9 Curriculum textbooks (Nani textbooks¡BRenlin textbooks¡BHannlin textbooks¡BKnsh textbooks )published in 2004. It totaled up to 4 volumes. First of all, the researcher inquired into the references to set up the economic concepts categories and the Economic Competence Indicators translate economic concepts categories, and then, analyzed the economic concepts materials from the words and the illustrations and supplementary materials in the Social Studies Learning Areas textbooks. The conclusions of this study were as follows: 1.Economic education must contain cognitive¡Battitude and skill goals, and has its importance in Social Studies Learning Areas . 2.Speaking of the economic concept analysis, in various editions textbooks all emphasize microeconomic concepts primarily, the proportion which occupies surpasses one half, next is the macroeconomic concepts. 3.Speaking of the economic Competence Indicators analysis, the majority of textbooks all have conform to the economic concepts which the economic Competence Indicators explain, only has partially has not little tallied, demonstrated various editions textbooks¡¦ explanations were not the same , or show up in other subjects and the examination system was not rigorous. 4.Speaking of the supplementary materials analysis, teaching material and so on graph, explanation nouns, mostly can display the supplement assistance text contents ,extend activities as well as the student exercise that all can give dual attention to the diversification, only must consider the arrangement of the time. In accordance with the main discovery and conclusion of this research, suggestions concerning aspects of education organizations, conscientious system of textbooks examination needs to be established were put forward. Follow-up studies were also proposed.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of positive adult-to-child physical interactions and negative toddler behaviors in the classroom. Twenty-one licensed childcare centers participated in this study. One center was used to field-test the researcher-created tally instruments. The 20 centers remaining were observed to identify the number of positive adult-to-child physical interactions. They were then ranked from the classroom having the highest amount of adult-to-child interactions to that having the lowest. Three classrooms were then randomly selected from both the top and bottom thirds, providing six classrooms for the final study. Negative toddler behaviors were then observed in each of the six classrooms. No significant relationship was found between the amount of positive adult-to-child interactions and the amount of negative toddler behaviors. Results included the identification of high positive adult-to-child interactions occurring in the manipulative and the gross motor areas and involved touching and holding.

The title of the study is integrating road traffic safety education in the teaching and learning of science and technology. The overall goal of this study was to develop a tool for the integration of Traffic Safety Education (TSE) in the teaching and learning of Science and Technology in School. As such, four research questions (stated in 1.2.1 to 1.2.5) were raised on critical aspects of the problem so as to direct the course of the study to provide solutions to the problem. These research questions were formulated into the aims of the study as stated in section 1.3. To attain these aims, a literature study and interviews were conducted. Through interviews and a literature study, it was found (among other things) that: • TSE has great potential for the reduction of road accidents/ collisions, and its teaching in school will prepare our learners to be safe road users. • Science and Technology has tremendous impact on traffic safety, and the three have much in common, which does provide room for them to be integrated in school curricula. • School educators are not adequately equipped to integrate TSE in the different learning areas. Consequently, an integration model called "Multilateral learning area integration model" has been developed for the integration of TSE in the learning areas of natural science and technology (see 7.2 and 7.3for details). Eleven recommendations were made in section 8.4 on the basis of the conclusions (in section 8.3) drawn from the proceedings of interviews and the literature study. These recommendations if implemented accurately, would undoubtedly contribute to solving the problem investigated in the study. This study has therefore made a valuable contribution to laying a solid foundation for Combating the problem of high road accidents/collisions on South African roads. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Education))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.

The title of the study is integrating road traffic safety education in the teaching and learning of science and technology. The overall goal of this study was to develop a tool for the integration of Traffic Safety Education (TSE) in the teaching and learning of Science and Technology in School. As such, four research questions (stated in 1.2.1 to 1.2.5) were raised on critical aspects of the problem so as to direct the course of the study to provide solutions to the problem. These research questions were formulated into the aims of the study as stated in section 1.3. To attain these aims, a literature study and interviews were conducted. Through interviews and a literature study, it was found (among other things) that: • TSE has great potential for the reduction of road accidents/ collisions, and its teaching in school will prepare our learners to be safe road users. • Science and Technology has tremendous impact on traffic safety, and the three have much in common, which does provide room for them to be integrated in school curricula. • School educators are not adequately equipped to integrate TSE in the different learning areas. Consequently, an integration model called "Multilateral learning area integration model" has been developed for the integration of TSE in the learning areas of natural science and technology (see 7.2 and 7.3for details). Eleven recommendations were made in section 8.4 on the basis of the conclusions (in section 8.3) drawn from the proceedings of interviews and the literature study. These recommendations if implemented accurately, would undoubtedly contribute to solving the problem investigated in the study. This study has therefore made a valuable contribution to laying a solid foundation for Combating the problem of high road accidents/collisions on South African roads. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Education))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.

媒體素養教育的發展在近十年已成為各國積極推動之重要教學內涵，由於媒體教育目的在啟發學生對於媒體的感知與思辨能力，一般而言，較沒有固定的教材與教學模式，故過去現場教師對於媒體教育一直存有實踐之困境，在九年一貫教育體制與教學方法的變革下，對於媒體教育而言，提供了更多的融入契機與教學空間，本論文主要之研究目的在發展媒體素養融入九年一貫社會學習領域七到九年級之能力指標與教案範例，藉以拉進學理論述與現場教師教學行動的距離，搭起理論與實踐的橋樑。 本研究之研究設計主要依循課程發展程序，首先採文獻調查與事實探究的方式，對英國、加拿大、澳洲與美國現有之媒體素養教育在社會領域能力指標的實際發展狀況進行瞭解，比較各國間的差異，並對照我國媒體素養之發展需求與社會學習領域現有之教科書內涵，結合相關理論背景，以及我國之社會與教育情境，思考可行的選擇，發展與建議我國媒體素養融入社會領域之能力指標與學習內涵。 經初步建立能力指標發展雛議後，依課程設計步驟將指標所欲達到之能力要求與媒體素養學習目標轉換為可行之教案範例，並經專家、學者評鑑後，修正教學目標、教學活動設計、與學習單建議等，最後完成十四個教案範例，教學內涵以教育部公告之媒體素養白皮書的五大核心為基礎，並結合各教科書社會領域之課程，在七到九年級的學習階段中，各年級均有二至三個教學主題，並配合公共電視所製作的教學媒體資源進行教學，希冀以此作為媒體教育現場教師教學應用之參考。 / The development of media literacy has been a focus of governments around the world in recent years. Since the goal of media literacy is to enlighten the students on sense of media and ability of critical thinking, there is no fixed material and teaching pattern for that. In the past, on-site teachers were stuck with the realization of media education. With the revolution of Grade 1-9 Curriculum system and teaching methods, it provides more opportunities and spaces for media literacy. The goal of this research is to integrate the media literacy into the competence indicators and sample teaching plan of Grade 7-9 of curriculum on social studies learning areas, in order to shorten the distance between theoretic statement and action of teaching and bridge the theory and practice. The design of this research is based on the curriculum development. First of all, we investigate the current situation of media literacy on competence indicators in social studies learning areas in Great Britain, Canada, Australia, and U.S. by literature review and fact exploration. The development plan and advices on the integration of media literacy into competence indicators and learning intension in social studies learning areas are proposed based on comparison of different country’s situation, development requirements and current teaching materials of our country, related theories, and current social and education conditions of our country. After the initial establishment of competence indicators, we try to convert the ability requirement and learning goal of media literacy appointed by the indicator into viable sample teaching plans according to the curriculum deign procedures. After the assessment by specialists and scholars, the teaching goal, schedule, and suggestions will be modified and 14 sample-teaching plans will be formed. The teaching intensions include the five core concept listed in the Literacy Education White Book published by the Department of Education in 2002. 2-3 teaching themes are set for the teaching of Grade 7-9, combining with curriculums of different textbooks. The teaching is implemented together with the public TV teaching programs. Hope our research is helpful for the on-site teacher of media education.

Tourism is becoming an ever more important part of the national economy. In advanced economies, the majority of inhabitants are employed in the services sector, which includes tourism. Currently tourism is at the peak of its development in the Czech Republic. A new, modern infrastructure is being built to connect up the natural and cultural treasures. My personal judgement is that it is primarily the finances from European funds, which have been streaming into the country for several years now, that have a large influence in this development. I see the market deficit in the CR to be poor communications between individual stakeholders. The comprehensive interconnection of services, information systems and tourist destinations. The aim of my work is to propose possible future cooperation for individual original, attractive stakeholders in experiential tourism within the territories of the Czech Republic, above all the Jindřichův Hradec district with its overlap into Lower Austria (Waldviertel). These stakeholders will then jointly form an area where both marketing and the professions are connected; this is known in the EU under the title of a tourism learning area (TLA). They can also be understood as destinations where individual stakeholders involved in experiential tourism are interconnected. The basic idea of the TLA seems relatively simple, however its implementation requires precise coordination and multilateral cooperation, and it is this that I want to achieve within this thesis.

This research focuses on educators' experience of implementing outcomes-based education in grade nine in secondary schools in South Africa. Two schools were chosen as settings for the qualitative research project. Three focus groups with 20 educators, two focus groups with 14 managers and seven personal interviews were conducted. Twelve classrooms were also observed where grade nine learners were being taught. Findings indicated that some educators found the experience of implementing OBE positive in that it improved their repertoire of facilitating and assessing skills. The reasons for citing OBE as a negative experience were given as the following: an increased workload, poor training and lack of follow-up by the Department and the school management team's degree of involvement. Recommendations were made on how to ease the burden on educators implementing OBE in their classrooms and to empower school managers to manage the implementation of OBE within their respective areas of responsibility. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Education Management)

This research focuses on educators' experience of implementing outcomes-based education in grade nine in secondary schools in South Africa. Two schools were chosen as settings for the qualitative research project. Three focus groups with 20 educators, two focus groups with 14 managers and seven personal interviews were conducted. Twelve classrooms were also observed where grade nine learners were being taught. Findings indicated that some educators found the experience of implementing OBE positive in that it improved their repertoire of facilitating and assessing skills. The reasons for citing OBE as a negative experience were given as the following: an increased workload, poor training and lack of follow-up by the Department and the school management team's degree of involvement. Recommendations were made on how to ease the burden on educators implementing OBE in their classrooms and to empower school managers to manage the implementation of OBE within their respective areas of responsibility. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Education Management)

This study is a systematic, objective investigation of educator empowerment, where the researcher explores the perspective of ABET educators. This study is presented against the backdrop of striking a balance between the conventional curriculum and Curriculum 2005 (OBE) because they exhibit a variety of challenges, anomalies and imbalances which led to the Revised National Curriculum Statements which will be implemented in 2006. It is informed by the fact that educators, if empowered, form an integral and central feature of changes in educational centres, especially in teaching adult learners to be able to assist their school-leaving children so as to improve provincial matric results, for example. The researcher focused on educators of ABET in Limpopo Province as the unit of analysis in this study. Interactive, cooperative, peer teaching, dialogic meditation, group and team teaching, constructivism and human resource development, reflective and multi-level approaches, are discussed with a particular focus on educator empowerment, including in-service training programmes. The researcher regards ”church settings” (her term) as inappropriate for effective teaching as they reduce educators to preachers and learners to congregants. This occurred as a result of the failure to recognise the importance of educator-learner, learner-learner and educator-educator interaction in the past curriculum. The study argues that the approaches mentioned are appropriate for this study. Educator empowerment is a lived-in and continuous process, monitoring and evaluating of in-service training to ensure quality. It was therefore necessary to develop a research design that would make it possible to enable educators to implement the new curriculum. Qualitative research is based on an in-depth inquiry which captures an educator's personal perspectives and experiences. Focus groups and in-depth interviews, which exemplify qualitative methods, were seen to be the best research tools in gathering the data for this study. The respondents, were UNISA ABET certificate students, and also professional educators at formal schools. They showed zeal in improving the educational situation. Their responses led to the model which has been developed in the thesis, culminating in uplifting the teaching profession and handling its multi-level led dynamic in an interactive and cooperative manner and reflecting in their experiences so that purposes of the National Qualifications Framework can be attained. / Educational Studies / D.Ed. (Didactics)

This study is a systematic, objective investigation of educator empowerment, where the researcher explores the perspective of ABET educators. This study is presented against the backdrop of striking a balance between the conventional curriculum and Curriculum 2005 (OBE) because they exhibit a variety of challenges, anomalies and imbalances which led to the Revised National Curriculum Statements which will be implemented in 2006. It is informed by the fact that educators, if empowered, form an integral and central feature of changes in educational centres, especially in teaching adult learners to be able to assist their school-leaving children so as to improve provincial matric results, for example. The researcher focused on educators of ABET in Limpopo Province as the unit of analysis in this study. Interactive, cooperative, peer teaching, dialogic meditation, group and team teaching, constructivism and human resource development, reflective and multi-level approaches, are discussed with a particular focus on educator empowerment, including in-service training programmes. The researcher regards ”church settings” (her term) as inappropriate for effective teaching as they reduce educators to preachers and learners to congregants. This occurred as a result of the failure to recognise the importance of educator-learner, learner-learner and educator-educator interaction in the past curriculum. The study argues that the approaches mentioned are appropriate for this study. Educator empowerment is a lived-in and continuous process, monitoring and evaluating of in-service training to ensure quality. It was therefore necessary to develop a research design that would make it possible to enable educators to implement the new curriculum. Qualitative research is based on an in-depth inquiry which captures an educator's personal perspectives and experiences. Focus groups and in-depth interviews, which exemplify qualitative methods, were seen to be the best research tools in gathering the data for this study. The respondents, were UNISA ABET certificate students, and also professional educators at formal schools. They showed zeal in improving the educational situation. Their responses led to the model which has been developed in the thesis, culminating in uplifting the teaching profession and handling its multi-level led dynamic in an interactive and cooperative manner and reflecting in their experiences so that purposes of the National Qualifications Framework can be attained. / Educational Studies / D.Ed. (Didactics)