The labor market is a key aspect of democracy and the country's economy, it is part of human life that affect us all the time linked to the economic and social aspects such as standard of living, class, identity, welfare etc. Labor market policy results in policies that are used to increase employment and thus reducing unemployment and improving labor market functioning. The purpose of this study was to explore and describe how the implementation of labor market policy measures goes to and how much leeway employment agents on AF (arbetsförmedlingen) in Västerås have. We have chosen both quantitative and qualitative methods in our study. First we did a quantitative survey where we had a questionnaire survey with agents employed at the AF in Västerås. In terms of qualitative approach, we did a half - structured interview with the employment office manager in Västerås, where we used the same questions that we had the quantitative survey. This will also help us to detect if street-level bureaucrats and top officials (bureaucrats) have different perceptions / views regarding how much leeway employment agents on AF in Västerås have.

This thesis is an investigation of rules which are historically conceptualized as static and unidirectional constructs strictly enforced by parents. This behavioural perspective is focused on parents as active agents and children immediately obey parental requests (Patterson, 1982). In contrast, a developmental perspective was used in this study in which rules are flexible and coconstructed by parents and children (Parkin & Kuczynski, 2012). Forty families participated in open-ended interviews; each family had one child between the ages of eight and thirteen. A thematic analysis was conducted and results suggested that rules were constructed by a bidirectional process in which parents and children were active agents. Parents most commonly perceived the rules to be flexible, coregulated and inherent - few parents described firm and explicit rules. Rules were developed by negotiation, based on the child’s development and by accommodating external influences. Leeway was an inherent, expected component of parent-child interactions

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the success of fixed space maintainers (fspms) placed by a sole dental practitioner in a private practice setting. The survey was conducted to evaluate the use of fspms by pediatric dentists and orthodontists. Methods: 899 fspms placed in 531 patients were evaluated. An online survey was sent to 1000 pediatric dentists and 1000 orthodontists. Results: The clinical success rate was 86.6%. The response rate for pediatric dentists surveyed was 43.0% but for orthodontists was only 7.0%. The vast majority of responding pediatric dentists (99.8%) and orthodontists (97.0%) placed fspms. The most common reason cited for failure by the pediatric dentists was cement loss (47.3%) and breakage by the orthodontists (30.4%). Conclusions: Fixed space maintainers had a high clinical success rate (86.6%) and were placed by the vast majority of responding pediatric dentists (99.8%) and orthodontists (97.0%).

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the success of fixed space maintainers (fspms) placed by a sole dental practitioner in a private practice setting. The survey was conducted to evaluate the use of fspms by pediatric dentists and orthodontists. Methods: 899 fspms placed in 531 patients were evaluated. An online survey was sent to 1000 pediatric dentists and 1000 orthodontists. Results: The clinical success rate was 86.6%. The response rate for pediatric dentists surveyed was 43.0% but for orthodontists was only 7.0%. The vast majority of responding pediatric dentists (99.8%) and orthodontists (97.0%) placed fspms. The most common reason cited for failure by the pediatric dentists was cement loss (47.3%) and breakage by the orthodontists (30.4%). Conclusions: Fixed space maintainers had a high clinical success rate (86.6%) and were placed by the vast majority of responding pediatric dentists (99.8%) and orthodontists (97.0%).

Bakgrund och problem: Revisorer har blivit beroende av experter i sitt arbete på grund av den komplexitet som har uppstått kring både redovisningen och revisionen. Det är revisorn som bestämmer när en expert ska involveras och hur stor påverkan expertens arbete får på revisionen. Samtidigt är revisorns uppgift att leverera kvalitetssäker information till intressenter och det är revisorn som avgör när tillräcklig revisionskvalitet har uppnåtts. Frågan är då hur revisorn upplever att revisionskvaliteten påverkas när experter används. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att förklara hur revisorer upplever att revisionskvaliteten påverkas när experter används. Metod: Studien har i huvudsak en kvantitativ metod där enkäter har skickats ut till revisorer för att få svar på studiens syfte. För att få en djupare förståelse för experternas arbete har en kvalitativ förstudie med intervjuer genomförts. Slutsats: Vårt resultat indikerar på att revisorer upplever att revisionskvaliteten blir högre när experter används i revisionen. Resultatet från vår första regressionsmodell tyder på att när experter får mer handlingsutrymme/inflytande upplever revisorer att revisionskvaliteten blir högre. Revisionskvaliteten påverkas också svagt av i vilken omfattning revisorer tar hjälp av experter. Revisorer som tar hjälp av experter i större omfattning upplever att revisionskvaliteten blir högre. Resultatet från vår andra regressionsmodell tyder på att det enbart är expertens inflytande som leder till högre revisionskvalitet. Vårt resultat indikerar på att det enligt revisorer är värt att lägga tid och resurser på experter då de bidrar till högre revisionskvalitet. / Background and Problem: Accountants have become dependent with using experts in theirwork because of the complexity that has occurred around both accountingand auditing. It is the auditor that decides when an expertshould be included and how great of impact the experts work willhave on the audit. Meanwhile the auditor’s duty is to deliver qualityassured information to stakeholders and it is the auditor that willdecide when adequate audit quality is achieved. The question ishow the auditor experiences the influence on audit quality whenthey include experts in their work? Purpose: The purpose of the study is to explain how the auditors experiencethe influence on audit quality when they include experts in theirwork. Method: This study has mainly a quantitative method where surveys havebeen sent to auditors to obtain answers to the study’s purpose. Toget a deeper understanding of the experts work has a qualitativefeasibility study with interviews been conducted. Conclusion: Our results indicate that auditors feel that audit quality will behigher when the experts are used in the audit. The results from ourfirst regression model suggests that when the experts get moreleeway/influence auditors experience that audit the quality will behigher. Audit quality is also affected slightly by the extent towhich auditors are taking the help of experts. Accountants whotake the help of experts to a greater extent perceive that auditquality will be higher. The result from our second regression modelindicates that it’s only the expert's influence that leads to higheraudit quality. Our results indicate that, according to auditors isworth spending time and resources on experts when they contributeto higher quality audits.

Santrauka Darbo apimtis 53 puslapiai, įskaitant 51 paveikslėlį, 5 lenteles. Informacijos šaltinių sąraše 26 šaltiniai. Darbo pradžia 2007 09 01, pabaiga 2009 05 19. Darbo objektas – skirtingos konstrukcijos purkštukai (skylinis kūgiško srauto, plyšinis plokščiasrautis ir inžektorinis (pneumohidraulinis)). Darbo tikslas – ištirti vėjo greičio įtaką skirtingos konstrukcijos purkštukais išpurškiamų skysčio lašelių sklaidai. Darbo metodai. Taikytas literatūros šaltinių loginės analizės metodas. Tyrimo stende buvo panaudoti 3 skirtingos konstrukcijos purkštukai. Jais išpurkštas skystis buvo apipučiamas ašinio ventiliatoriaus sukuriamu skirtingo stiprumo (greičio) oro srautu. Gauti tyrimų duomenys įvertinti dispersinės ir koreliacinės-regresinės analizės metodais. Darbo rezultatai. Išanalizavus purkštukų gamintojų pateiktą informaciją ir remiantis mokslininkų atliktų tyrimų rezultatais galima teigti, kad vėjo greitis yra svarbiausias meteorologinis veiksnys, nuo kurio labai priklauso išpurkšto skysčio lašelių nunešimas pavėjui. Be to, nustatyta, kad, išpurkšto skysčio lašelių nunešimas pavėjui ženkliai priklauso ir nuo purkštukų konstrukcijos. Apibendrinus visų trijų purkštukų tyrimų rezultatus, nustatyta, kad vidutiniškai, plote nutolusiame nuo purkštuko pastatymo vietos vėjo kryptimi nuo 0,5 m iki 2,0 m, pasklinda 30%, o nuo 2,0 m iki 4,5 m – dar apie 7% lašelių, kai šoninio vėjo greitis siekia 8,2±0,1 m•s-1. Inžektorinio (pneumohidraulinio) purkštuko tyrimų rezultatus lyginant... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Summary Scope of work page 53, including 51 picture, 5 tables. The information sources listed 26 sources. Beginning in 2007 09 01, the end of 2009 05 29. Work item – the construction of the nozzles (conical flow skyline, Slit flat flow and injector nozzles (pneumohydraulic)). The aim – to explore the wind velocity influence on the design of different nozzles spray liquid dispersion of droplets. Working methods. Literature sources used for logic analysis method. The study as were used for construction of 3 different nozzles. They sprayed the liquid was mutual axial fan creates a difference in the strength (speed) of air flow. To obtain data to assess the dispersed and the correlation-regression analysis. Results of the work. The analysis of the information submitted by the nozzles and on the basis of research carried out by the results of research can be said that the wind speed is the most important meteorological factor, which relies heavily on sprayed liquid droplets leeway tailwind. In addition, the sprayed liquid droplets leeway tailwind significantly depends on the injector design. The synthesis of all three nozzles studies found that, on average, an area remote from the nozzles built of local wind direction from 0.5 m to 2.0 m, at the 30% and from 2.0 m to 4.5 m – still about 7 % droplets, when the lateral wind speed is 8.2 ± 0.1 m • s-1. Injector nozzles (pneumohydraulic) nozzles test results compared with Slit flat flow results can be said that the tailwind of... [to full text]

Au cours des quinze dernières années, les professionnels des ressources humaines ont été de plus en plus mobilisés dans la gestion des questions de santé et sécurité au travail (notamment pénibilité, risques psychosociaux, handicap). Toutefois, les problèmes de santé et sécurité au travail (SST) sont complexes et les professionnels des ressources humaines peuvent éprouver des difficultés à les mettre en congruence avec toutes les missions attenantes à leur fonction. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons de regarder les professionnels RH comme des travailleurs à part entière et d’analyser leur activité de gestion des enjeux de SST dans une approche ergonomique. Notre objectif est d’identifier les déterminants qui génèrent de l’empêchement dans leur activité ou qui permettent de développer leurs marges de manœuvre. Notre analyse se base sur une intervention-recherche de quatre ans dans un groupe de l’industrie chimique. Dans le cadre de cette intervention, nous avons accompagné des professionnels RH, en particulier dans le déploiement d’un accord paritaire sur la prévention de la pénibilité du travail. Nous sommes ainsi parvenu à assembler de nombreuses données sur l’activité des professionnels RH dans le cadre de notre accompagnement. Parallèlement, nous avons également mis en œuvre diverses méthodologies de collecte de données (entretien, chronique d’activité, recueil de courriels). Les résultats de notre analyse mettent en lumière plusieurs sources d’empêchement dans le travail de prévention des professionnels RH : balkanisation de la fonction RH, déficit de régulation conjointe entre leurs prescripteurs, manque de légitimité, hypertrophie des relations sociales, manque d’espaces de débat sur leur travail. Mais nos résultats mettent aussi en évidence la capacité des professionnels RH à développer leur pouvoir d’agir. Ce développement passe en particulier par la construction de collectifs de travail et la réalisation d’activités collectives, au sein de la fonction RH et avec d’autres fonctions clés de l’entreprise. Enfin, notre analyse montre que les ergonomes peuvent être des contributeurs essentiels au développement du pouvoir d’agir des professionnels RH, en participant notamment à l'élaboration d'objets-frontières et d'objets transactionnels utiles aux échanges avec d’autres fonctions de l’entreprise. / Over the past fifteen years, human resource professionals have increasingly been involved in the management of occupational health and safety issues (especially arduousness of the work, psychosocial risks, disability at work).However, occupational health and safety (OHS) issues are complex and human resource professionals may find it difficult to match them with all the missions attached to their function.In this thesis, we propose to look at HR professionals as full part workers and to analyze their OHS management activity in an ergonomic approach. Our objective is to identify the determinants that generate impediments in their activity or that allow them to develop their leeway.Our analysis is based on a four-year research-intervention in a chemical industry group. As part of this intervention, we have assisted HR professionals, particularly in the implementation of a joint agreement on the prevention of the arduousness of the work. Thereby, we manage to assemble a significant amount of data regarding the activity of HR professionals in the context of our support. In addition, we have also implemented various data collection methodologies (interview, activity chronicle, e-mail mining).The results of our analysis highlight several sources of impediments in the prevention work of HR professionals: balkanization of the HR function, deficiency of joint regulation among their prescribers, lack of legitimacy, hypertrophy of social relations, void of spaces for work debate.However, our results also highlight the ability of HR professionals to develop their power to act. This development involves the construction of work collectives and the realization of collective activities, within the HR function and with other company stakeholders.Finally, our analysis shows that ergonomists can be essential contributors to the development of the power to act of HR professionals, especially by participating in the creation of border objects and transactional objects useful for exchanges with other functions of the company.

The thesis presents a view of film for change set against the manifold approaches, practices or ideologies influencing it, and analysis it as a tool for the self-representation, self-determination and mediation of marginalised people in the face of globalization and the democratization of communication. It seeks to find an answer to the question of how film for change works as a method to empower the disadvantaged inhabitants of three villages in Tanzania, where fieldwork was carried out. The thesis tracks down core parameters that connect the visual communication experience to the social reality and bear the potential to change it. The use of visual communication technology, interactive and horizontal communication practices, fictionalizations and empowerment strategies enable processes among spectators and participants that permit them to reframe or reconsider representations that they witness. Film for change potentially reaches beyond the community and through convergence with Web 2.0 into the much larger public sphere, nationally as well as globally. The thesis suggests that film for change should be adapted to the present day media environment as citizens’ media, whereby media users also become media producers and start broadcasting self-communicated alternatives to the images and interpretations produced by established media corporations that dominate the global flows of information. In this way film for change connects to the right to communicate and becomes a tool for citizens to influence power relations and advocate social change.