[pt] No cenário político do Estados Unidos após 1945, o libertarianismo esteve intrinsicamente ligado ao ressurgimento do movimento conservador. Entretanto, no efervescente ambiente político da década de 60, alguns intelectuais libertários, como Murray Rothbard, decidiram trilhar um caminho diferente. Esses intelectuais passaram a reavaliar suas opções ideológicas, buscando, assim, por alternativas para lidar com os principais dilemas da época. Com a finalidade de melhor entender essas mudanças, esta dissertação teve como objetivo investigar a reinterpretação do libertarianismo operada por Murray Rothbard em sua atuação na revista Left and Right: A Journal of Libertarian Thought, criada em 1965. Para isso, foram apresentadas as principais expressões do pensamento libertário na política norte-americana dos séculos XIX e XX. Em seguida, analisou-se os textos de Rothbard presentes na Left and Right entre 1965 e 1968, a fim de entender suas principais ideias, alianças e conflitos políticos. Dessa forma, as estratégias utilizadas por Rothbard em sua reinterpretação do libertarianismo foram melhor elucidadas, tornando este trabalho uma importante oportunidade de refinar as concepções acerca dessa corrente política no cenário norte-americano. / [en] In the US political scenario of the aftermath of 1945, libertarianism became intrinsically connected with the rebirth of the conservative movement. Nevertheless, the effusive political environment of the 1960s made Murray Rothbard and other few libertarian intellectuals choose and take a different road to travel. These intellectuals began reviewing some of their ideological options and, therefore, looking for alternatives in order to deal with their main epochal dilemma. In order to better understand these many changes, I intend, in this Dissertation, to investigate the reinterpretation of libertarianism proposed by Murray Rothbard through his writings in Left and Right. A Journal of Libertarian Though, created in 1965. In order to accomplish this, I began by commenting on some of the main voices of the 19 th - and 20 th - century libertarian thought in American politics. I then analyzed all Rothbard articles in Left and Right, between 1965 and 1968, so that some of his main ideas, and understandings regarding political alliances and conflicts, could be made clear. The strategies he enacted in his singular reinterpretation of libertarianism seem to have been better elucidated with this work. We expect such an effort turns out to be a helpful aid in the future refining of ideas and conceptions still in use in the rhetorics of North-American political scene.

En klassisk finansieringsmetod som används för att samla in kapital är att genomföra en IPO. Vidare är IPO underprissättning ett fenomen som undersöktes av många forskare. Uppsatsen strävar efter att undersöka korrelationen mellan de oberoende variablerna vilka är: företagets ålder; storlek; skuldsättningsgrad; ROE och ROA och IPO:s underprissättningsnivå. Dessutom jämför studien underprissätningsnivå mellan etablerade och framväxande industrier. Forskningens urval består av 123 bolag som börsnoterades de svenska handelsplatserna Nasdaq Stockholm, Spotlight och First North under perioden 2016–2020. Studiens resultat visar en genomsnittlig underprissättningsnivå på 11,31%. Däremot kunde resultatet inte påvisa statistiskt signifikanta samband mellan studiens oberoende variabler och den beroende variabeln. / A classic financing method used to raise capital is through the process of going public with an initial public offering (IPO). Furthermore, IPO underpricing is a phenomenon that has been investigated by many researchers. The thesis strives to investigate the correlations between the independent variables which are: the company's age; size; debt/ equity ratio; ROE and ROA and IPO underpricing. In addition, the study compares underpricing between established and emerging industries. The research sample consists of 123 companies that were listed on the swedish stock exchange lists: Nasdaq Stockholm, Spotlight, and First North during the period 2016–2020. The results of the study show an average underpricing degree of 11.31%. However, the results could not demonstrate statistically significant correlations between the study's independent variables and the dependent variable.

Doctor of Philosophy / Curriculum and Instruction Programs / Marjorie R. Hancock / With the implementation of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (PL 107-110), Kansas state reading standards, benchmarks and indicators have been aligned to meet the recommendation of the National Reading Panel (2000). The components that are aligned with the Kansas reading standards are phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary and comprehension. High stakes testing and test scores disaggregated by race creates accountability in meeting instructional reading indicators for all students, specifically African American students. With increased pressures to meet and exceed the reading standards and close the achievement gap between Black and White students, schools are searching for instructional factors supportive of to meeting No Child Left Behind requirements. This mixed method study was conducted in three urban school districts in the state of Kansas. The quantitative study was conducted by analyzing African American fifth grade state reading assessment scores before and during implementation of No Child Left Behind to determine whether No Child Left Behind is positively impacting test scores. Data analysis revealed that African Americans increased in being at or above the standard, while decreasing the number below the standard. Out of the 180 schools in the three districts, six high performing schools were identified based on the percentage of African American students in the school, average mean scores before and during No Child Left Behind , and percentage of students at or above the standard from 2000-2007. Data were collected through detailed observational field notes and interviews with fifth grade teachers and principals in order to determine their perceptions of the instructional factors impacting reading scores. Data analysis revealed the following instructional factors impacting reading scores: analysis of data, quality professional development, teacher collaboration, high expectations, and parental involvement. Instructional reading indicators were coded throughout the observation of fifth grade classrooms. Observed indicators taught were phonics, vocabulary, comprehension of text types and text structures. This study provided perspectives of instructional strategies essential to increasing the reading strategies, skills and test scores of African American students while closing the literacy achievement gap between Black and White students in Kansas schools.

Social Science scholars study how the New Left - the wave of leftist governments in Latin America since 1999 - redefines leftism in the Post-Cold War. Part of this redefinition is a new social pact between the Queer community and those Latin American governments. Chapter 1 traces the ideological itinerary of this new social agreement and establishes the methodology of the study. El lobo, el bosque y el hombre nuevo (The Wolf, the Forest and the New Man) by Senel Paz reformulated the relationship between the dissident subjects of the patriarchy and the leftist state in Cuban society of the 1990s. Chapter 2 highlights Paz's text for its separation from the Cold War narratives centered on the leftist armed insurgent movements. Chapter 3 studies how the film adaptation of Paz's work globalized the argument and structured it within the Post-Cold War. Chapter 4 analyzes the theatrical adaptations of Paz's work made in Latin American countries after 1999. Two are compared from countries with New Latin American Leftist governments, Venezuela and Argentina, with others made in non-Latin American countries, the United States and Spain. The critical reception of the two theatrical adaptations done in Latin America showed the argument as part of their reality, in contrast to the representations made in the United States and Spain. Chapter 5 analyzes the repercussions of Paz's text in popular culture through the reggaeton "Fresa y chocolate."

Every positive integer has a unique radix 2 representation which uses the digits {0,1}. However, if we allow digits other than 0 and 1, say {0,1,-1}, then a positive integer has many representations. Of these <i>redundant</i> representations, it is possible to choose one that has few nonzero digits. It is well known that using representations of integers with few nonzero digits allows certain algebraic operations to be done more quickly. This thesis is concerned with various representations of integers that are related to efficient implementations of algebraic operations in cryptographic algorithms. The topics covered here include: <ul> <li> <i>The width-w nonadjacent form (w-NAF)</i>. We prove that the <i>w</i>-NAF of an integer has a minimal number of nonzero digits; that is, no other representation of an integer, which uses the <i>w</i>-NAF digits, can have fewer nonzero digits than its <i>w</i>-NAF. </li> <li><i>A left-to-right analogue of the w-NAF</i>. We introduce a new family of radix 2 representations which use the same digits as the <i>w</i>-NAF, but have the property that they can be computed by sliding a window from left to right across the binary representation of an integer. We show these new representations have a minimal number of nonzero digits. </li> <li><i>Joint representations</i>. Solinas introduced a {0,1,-1}-radix 2 representation for pairs of integers called the joint sparse form. We consider generalizations of the joint sparse form which represent <i>r</i>&ge;2 integers and use digits other than {0,1,-1}. We show how to construct a {0,1,2,3}-joint representation that has a minimal number of nonzero columns. </li> <li><i>Nonadjacent digit sets</i>. It is well known that if <i>x</i> equals 3 or -1 then every nonnegative integer has a unique {0,1,<i>x</i>}-nonadjacent form; that is, a {0,1,<i>x</i>}-radix 2 representation with the property that, of any two consecutive digits, at most one is nonzero. We investigate what other values of <i>x</i> have this property. </li> </ul>

<p>In this dissertation, I explore the impact of several public policies on civic participation. Using a unique combination of school administrative and public–use voter files and methods for causal inference, I evaluate the impact of three new, as of yet unexplored, policies: one informational, one institutional, and one skill–based. Chapter 2 examines the causal effect of No Child Left Behind’s performance-based accountability school failure signals on turnout in school board elections and on individuals’ use of exit. I find that failure signals mobilize citizens both at the ballot box and by encouraging them to vote with their feet. However, these increases in voice and exit come primarily from citizens who already active—thus exacerbating inequalities in both forms of participation. Chapter 3 examines the causal effect of preregistration—an electoral reform that allows young citizens to enroll in the electoral system before turning 18, while also providing them with various in-school supports. Using data from the Current Population Survey and Florida Voter Files and multiple methods for causal inference, I (with my coauthor listed below) show that preregistration mobilizes and does so for a diverse set of citizens. Finally, Chapter 4 examines the impact of psychosocial or so called non-cognitive skills on voter turnout. Using information from the Fast Track intervention, I show that early– childhood investments in psychosocial skills have large, long-run spillovers on civic participation. These gains are widely distributed, being especially large for those least likely to participate. These chapters provide clear insights that reach across disciplinary boundaries and speak to current policy debates. In placing specific attention not only on whether these programs mobilize, but also on who they mobilize, I provide scholars and practitioners with new ways of thinking about how to address stubbornly low and unequal rates of citizen engagement.</p> / Dissertation

Informe de Seminario para optar al grado de Licenciado en Lengua y Literatura Hispánica mención Literatura

Pump thrombosis is the epitome of left ventricular assist device dysfunction for end-stage heart failure patients. With the increased utilization of implantable, long-term, left ventricular assist devices (LVADs), understanding the implications associated with device orientation and interaction with the body is exceedingly important. Components associated with pump thrombosis in the Thoratec© HeartMate II™ (HMII) and the HeartWare© HVAD® devices include the inflow cannula, the outflow graft, and the pump elements as well as pump pocket depth for the HMII specifically. Several studies have been conducted to analyze these interactions with the HMII, however there is minimal to no data available analyzing how the device orientation of the HeartWare HVAD affects hemodynamics and a patient’s risk for developing pump thrombosis. Therefore, the purpose of this pilot study is the simulate the hemodynamic implications associated with Sub-optimal cannula angulation of the HVAD. Using Solidworks 2016 Ed., a simplified, hemo-static model of the left side of the heart was created. Dimensions for the atria, ventricle, and mitral valve were determined through the combination of Trans-Esophageal Echo cardiogram data as well as literature references. Three different inflow cannula angle scenarios were developed including a Control, a Clinically Optimal, and a Sub-optimal. Assumptions included body temperature, no accumulation within the ventricle, and no ejection or contraction. The model consists of static continuous flow set to 5 liters per minute with the assumption that the HeartWare HVAD is completely supporting the left ventricle. The results include both qualitative and quantitative data. Flow trajectory plots for each cannula scenario depict the hemodynamic flow patterns for different time points. Results show visible changes in the Sub-optimal orientation when compared to both the Control and the Clinically Optimal scenario. Additionally, it was determined that there were no statistically significant differences in the velocity vectors for any of the scenarios however, the shear stress values were determined to be significantly different for all time points, p < 0.001 for all scenarios when compared to Control. Though there are several limitations of this study, with sub-optimal inflow cannula angulation, there is a potential increased risk of hemolysis due to increased shear stress.

Since its birth at the time of the French Revolution, Left/Right has been a key tool for understanding politics. This thesis investigates how we think about politics using Left/Right: how it shapes, constrains and interacts with our most deeply-held conceptions of politics, how its meaning and implications have developed historically and in the British context, and why it might warrant the attention of the student of ideologies. After outlining the methodological underpinnings of the study and histories of Left/Right, the thesis examines uses of Left/Right in a range of contexts of actual thinking about politics. Left/Right is widely used in both the academic study of politics and popular commentary on British politics. The early New Left in Britain in the late 1950s and early 1960s is studied as a group attempting to influence the discourse around the political label “the Left”; a section of the neo-conservative New Right in Britain in the 1980s, around The Salisbury Review, is analysed as a political group with a complicated relationship to the political label “the Right”. Left/Right emerges as an element of the contested “common sense” of politics. Further, it is argued that some elements of common sense, such as Left/Right, may be expressed through narratives. Left/Right is theorized as a political narrative, or as a story about politics. The concept of political narrative explores the possibility that Left/Right may be susceptible to “interpretation”, both in terms of the assumptions about how politics is done and how politics should be done that underlie it, and more complexly in its relationship with a master narrative of political conflict understood as class struggle. Students of ideologies can learn much about how we think about and do our politics by attending to Left/Right.

Background: Aortic valve insufficiency (AI) at the time of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) insertion needs to be corrected, however there is little known about how to manage bioprosthetic valvular AI. Case presentation: A 55-year-old female with dilated cardiomyopathy who previously had a bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement needed a LVAD as a bridge to transplant. Her left ventricular ejection fraction was 10% and had mild to moderate transvalvular AI. She underwent a HeartWare HVAD insertion along with aortic valvular coaptation stitch repair (Park's stitch) to the bioprosthetic valve. Conclusion: Her AI improved to trivial with minimal ejection through the bioprosthetic valve. She was transplanted 6 months following the surgery. A Park's stitch to the bioprosthetic aortic valve with more than mild AI might be a good option for bridge to transplant patient.