Master of Science / Department of Kinesiology / Carl Ade / Background: Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT) is a commonly used treatment for prostate cancer with controversy currently surrounding its association with long-term cardiovascular disease risk. Therefore, the aim of the current investigation was to non-invasively measure left ventricular mechanics at rest and during submaximal exercise in human prostate cancer survivors with and without a history of ADT. Methods: Eighteen prostate cancer survivors, 9 with a history of ADT and 9 matched (1:1) non-ADT controls, completed the protocol. Standard and tissue Doppler echocardiography were used to evaluate left ventricular systolic and diastolic function at rest and during submaximal cycling exercise. Results: At rest, there were no differences between groups. Ejection fraction was not different between groups at rest or during exercise (rest p=0.7; exercise p=0.8). During exercise, systolic left ventricular longitudinal strain and strain rate failed to increase in the ADT group (p=0.4; p=0.07), but significantly increased in the non-ADT group (p=0.03; p=0.02). During exercise, systolic strain was significantly different between groups (p=0.02). Diastolic longitudinal strain increased with exercise in both groups (p=0.003; p=0.003). In the ADT group during exercise, mitral valve deceleration time was not significantly different from rest (p=0.8) and was slower compared to non-ADT (p=0.03). Conclusion: In prostate cancer survivors with a history of ADT, there are significant abnormalities of left ventricular systolic function that become apparent with exercise. These findings may hold significant value beyond the standard resting characterization of ventricular function, in particular as part of a risk-stratification strategy.

A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo principal elaborar um plano de ações com alternativas na preparação e colocação da mão esquerda no violino para estudantes de violino. Desenvolveu-se em um estudo experimental, com seis estudantes do Conservatório e da Graduação da Universidade de Caldas na Colômbia. O processo de investigação foi fundamentado em quatro tópicos: (1) a análise do posicionamento inicial da mão, dedos e braço esquerdo, (2) a introdução de padrões motores e de movimentos alternativos, (3) a comparação da mão esquerda antes e depois do plano de ações alternativas, e (4) a avaliação do plano de ações. Este estudo incluiu a coleta de dados por meio de registro de vídeo antes e depois das ações propostas. Esta proposta procura possíveis soluções para tensões musculoesqueléticas, que estão na origem da colocação inadequada dos dedos, mão e braço. O processo teve a fundamentação bibliográfica em Paul Rolland (1911-1981), Ivan Galamian (1903-1981), Carl Flesch (1873-1944), Yehudi Menuhin (1916-1999) entre outros. / The aim of this investigation was to develop a plan of actions for teaching and/or improving left hand positioning of beginner violin students. The goal was to have a teaching alternative that could help solving musculoskeletal tension, derived from inadequate positioning of fingers, and hand. An experimental study was conducted with six students from the Conservatory of Music and undergraduates of the University of Caldas, Colombia. The investigation was based on four topics: (1) analysis of the initial position of hand, fingers and left arm; (2) teaching of the proposed alternative motor and movement patterns; (3) comparison of the left hand before and after the action plan; and (4) evaluation of the action plan. For data collection during this study, video recording were done before and after the actions. This study was based on the writings of Paul Rolland (1911-1981), Ivan Galamian (1903-1981), Carl Flesch (1873- 1944), Yehudi Menuhin (1916-1999) among others.

A proposta desta dissertação é analisar como os governos de esquerda da América Latina contribuem ou não para a construção, desenvolvimento e consolidação de uma cultura democrática na região. A partir da experiência recente de Brasil e de Venezuela, que representam hoje os dois modelos dominantes da esquerda latino-americana, investiga-se se os resultados sociais obtidos estimulam ou não a confiança dos cidadãos no regime democrático. Para alcançar esse objetivo, verifica-se se houve ou não avanço em educação e saúde nos dois países entre 1990 e 2008. Tal diagnóstico é confrontado com a opinião de brasileiros e venezuelanos sobre a satisfação com a vida cotidiana e com o grau de apoio à democracia no mesmo período. A partir dos dados analisados, pode-se concluir que há avanços, no entanto, as medidas implementadas na área social são insuficientes para se consolidar a dimensão social da democracia e fortalecer substancialmente a cultura democrática. / The proposal of this dissertation is to examine how the governments on the left in Latin America contribute or not contribute to the construction, development and consolidation of a democratic culture in the region. Since the recent experience in Brazil and Venezuela, which now represent the two dominant models of the Latin American left, investigates whether the results obtained social stimulate or no public confidence in the democratic system. To achieve this goal, it is whether there is progress in education and health in both countries between 1990 and 2008. This diagnosis is confronted with the view of Brazilians and Venezuelans on satisfaction with life and the degree of support for democracy in the same period. From the data, it can be concluded that there is progress, however, the measures implemented in the social area are insufficient to strengthen the social dimension of democracy and substantially strengthen the democratic culture.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-02-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:03:38Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 coleta_kd_dr_botfm.pdf: 391595 bytes, checksum: dde69b55ebd37c6d547a6c2e6321775d (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) apresentam risco elevado para eventos cardiovasculares. Entretanto, existem poucos estudos sobre a função do ventrículo esquerdo (VE) nesses pacientes e os resultados são controversos. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: analisar a estrutura e função do ventrículo direito (VD) e câmaras cardíacas esquerdas, por meio de Dopplerecocardiografia, em pacientes com DPOC e avaliar a associação entre as variáveis ecocardiográficas e as variáveis clínicas relevantes. Foram avaliados 45 pacientes com DPOC (idade: 65,8 ± 10,6 anos, 64% homens): 17 pacientes com DPOC leve a moderada (grau I e II) provenientes do Serviço de Pneumologia da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (FMB) e 28 pacientes com DPOC muito grave (grau IV) acompanhados no Ambulatório de Oxigenoterapia da FMB. Os critérios de inclusão foram: diagnóstico de DPOC, estabilidade clínica e, para os pacientes com DPOC IV, uso de oxigênio domiciliar por período mínimo de três meses. Para o grupo controle foram selecionados 15 indivíduos saudáveis (idade: 64,3 ± 10,1, 47% homens). Os critérios de exclusão foram: imagem ecocardiográfica inadequada, hipertensão arterial sistêmica, diabetes mellitus, doença coronariana, valvopatias, arritmias, patologias respiratórias associadas ou outras patologias cardíacas. Espirometria pré e pós-broncodilatador e oximetria de pulso foram realizadas por todos os sujeitos da pesquisa e gasometria arterial somente para os pacientes com DPOC... / Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a strong risk factor for cardiovascular events. However, the status of left ventricle (LV) has been less studied and the results are controversial. The objectives were: to analyse the right ventricle (RV) and the left heart chambers structure and function in COPD patients by echocardiogram, and to analyse the association between echocardiographic variables and the relevant clinical variables. Forty-five COPD patients (age: 65,8 ± 10.6 years; 64% male) were evaluated: 17 mild to moderate COPD patients (grade I and II) and 28 very severe COPD patients (grade IV). The inclusion criteria were: COPD diagnosis, clinical stability and home oxygen therapy for at least three months (very severe COPD). The control group consisted of 15 healthy subjects (age: 64.3 ± 10.1 years; 47% male). Exclusion criteria were: poor quality echocardiographic image, history of systemic hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, valvular heart disease, arrhythmias, associated lung diseases or other heart diseases. Pre and post-bronchodilator spirometry and pulse oximetry were performed in all subjects and arterial gasometry was performed in COPD patients only... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-02-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:43:05Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ferreira_al_me_assis.pdf: 2006885 bytes, checksum: 97d09e023549d8e319968442a6359223 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A Frente Ampla (FA), fundada em 1971 como coalizão de partidos de esquerda e grupos políticos progressistas, encerrou com pelo menos uma década de discussões e tentativas de aproximação entre os partidos minoritários no Uruguai. Além disso, a nova força pôs fim ao histórico predomínio político-eleitoral dos partidos Nacional (Blanco) e Colorado. Desde meados dos anos 50, PCU (Partido Comunista do Uruguai) e PS (Partido Socialista) debatiam a questão da unidade, não chegando, porém, a nenhum acordo efetivo. A partir de 1962, experiências de unificação foram feitas por um e outro partido, mas nunca englobando todas as esquerdas. Mais tarde, no curso de 1968, a Democracia-Cristã (PDC) sugeriu criar uma grande aliança de oposição ao governo autoritário de Jorge Pacheco Areco, bem como uma alternativa democrática à luta armada dos Tupamaros, contudo, tal iniciativa não teve resultados imediatos. Após muitas polêmicas e extensas negociações durante 1970, comunistas, democrata cristãos, socialistas e setores desprendidos dos partidos majoritários, se uniram formando a Frente Ampla, culminando um longo processo de exigências, concessões e aprendizado político. / The Frente Ampla (FA), established in 1971 as a coalition of the left parties and the progressive political parties, ended with, at least, one decade of discussions and approaching attempts between the minority parties in Uruguay. Besides, the new power put an end to the historical political-electoral predominance of the parties Nacional (Blanco) and Colorado. Since the fifties, PCU (Uruguay´s Communist Party) and PS (Socialist Party) debated the unit issue, however, not coming to an agreement. Since 1962, experiences of unification were made by one and another party, but never joining all the left parties. Later on, in 1968, the Christian-Democracy (PDC) suggested forming a great opposition alliance to the authoritarian government of Jorge Pacheco Areco, as well as a democratic alternative to the armed conflict of Tupamaros, nevertheless such initiative didn´t have the immediate results. After a lot of controverse and extensive negotiations during 1970, communists, christian democrats, socialists and detached sections of the majority parties, got together forming the Frente Ampla, culminating in a long process of requirements, concessions and political learning.

Master of Science / Department of Kinesiology / Brad J. Behnke / Prostate cancer is the most common type of non-skin cancer found in men and preliminary evidence suggests prostate cancer has atrophic effects on cardiac and left ventricle (LV) mass which are associated with reduced endurance exercise capacity in rats. Using a pre-clinical orthotopic model of prostate cancer, echocardiography was utilized to test the hypothesis that exercise training will mitigate prostate cancer induced-cardiac and skeletal muscle atrophy and improve LV function versus sedentary tumor-bearing counterparts. Methods: Dunning R-3327 AT-1 prostate cancer cells were injected orthotopically in male Copenhagen rats aged (n=39; ~5 mo. old). Animals were randomized into four groups, exercise-trained tumor-bearing (EXTB) or control (EXCON) and sedentary tumor-bearing (SEDTB), or control (SEDCON). Exercise training was performed via a rodent treadmill set at 15m/min with a 15° incline for 60 min/day for ~30 days. Animals underwent echocardiographic evaluation using the parasternal short axis view to examine ventricle dimensions pre-cancer or exercise (PRE) and 15 (Post 1) and 30 (Post 2) days post cancer cell injection and/or exercise training with tissues collected immediately after Post 2. Results: Cardiac and LV mass of SEDTB animals were significantly lower than all groups (p<0.05). Tumor mass was significantly negatively correlated with LV mass in EXTB (-0.75, p<0.02) and SEDTB animals (-0.72, p<0.02). EXCON group had significantly higher stroke volume Post 2 assessment compared to both sedentary groups (p<0.05), but not EXTB animals. Conclusion: The current investigation demonstrates prostate cancer independent of anti-cancer treatment significantly reduces cardiac mass, and LV mass as well as locomotor muscle masses. However, moderate intensity exercise training can mitigate cardiac and skeletal muscle atrophy with prostate cancer.

abstract: ABSTRACT The aim of the study is to examine the impact of international male labor migration on the sexual and reproductive health of women who stay back home in Tajikistan. The data for this study was gathered as a result of ethnographic field works conducted on several occasions from 2011 to 2013. The results of the study suggest that male migration does not have an impact on fertility levels of the left-behind women. Although similarly to previous studies this study shows that wives of migrants are less likely to use contraception, it nevertheless demonstrates changes in contraceptive behaviors of wives of migrants such as seasonal removal and insertion of an intrauterine device (IUD) and shift from long-term to short-term contraception use. However, despite the availability of numerous forms of contraception in the country, the pattern of contraceptive use such as the reliance on IUDs dominant during the Soviet period continues to exist among wives of non-migrants. One of the most important findings of this study is women’s ability to use condoms for a short term with husbands after their return and asking spouses to have an HIV test. This finding challenges the dominant discourses in HIV and migration literature focusing on the inability, impossibility and failure on the part of the wives to negotiate HIV prevention due to various factors impeding the promotion of HIV prevention skills and measures among women. Moreover, the study demonstrates that, on the one hand, male migration worsens reproductive health of the left-behind women, but, on the other hand, it improves/increases their access to reproductive health institutions thanks to remittances. Although self-reported symptoms of women show a slight difference in reproductive morbidity, including STIs of wives of migrants and non-migrants, health care providers believe that this difference is significant and wives of migrants are more likely to have complications during pregnancy, delivery and post-delivery periods. The study also shows that the majority of HIV prevention and family planning programs target only wives of migrants and non-migrants, however it is crucial that migrant men should also be targets of these programs. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Gender Studies 2015

abstract: ABSTRACT When you have more students who are eligible for tutoring than those who are successfully meeting the academic requirements, then there is a problem. This study examined the impact that NCLB's federal mandates of providing Supplemental Educational tutoring services had on New Mexico’s Standards Based Assessment results for eligible elementary students in one district who participated in tutoring for three school years from 2008 to 2011. The quantitative study examined the archived Standards Based Assessment data for each tutored participant leading to the total average means scaled scores per year for four elementary schools in comparison to non-tutored students within the same schools. Research Question 1 asked if Supplemental Educational Services tutoring increased Standards Based Assessment scores. To generalize the results and state whether there was an increase in SBA test scores due to participation in the SES tutoring was not valid. Research Question 2 asked if the number of years tutored increased Standard Based Assessment scores. There were only three students who were tutored for two years consecutively. Research Question 3 asked if one group of providers were more effective than others. One provider was used from 44% to 88% of the time; however, there were no clear findings as to which SES provider was more effective as to SBA gains. Research Question 4 asked as to what services offered from SES providers was the parent choice for tutoring. The researcher found descriptions from the other SES providers to be similar to Club Z! Interviews were not part of the study and contacts made with the providers were not successful, pre- and posttest results of participating students were not available. The recommendation primarily was build internal monitoring and evaluation, collaborations with tutors, and continued study in area of tutoring. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Educational Administration and Supervision 2015

abstract: Assessment practices in U.S. schools have become a greatly debated topic since the passage of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2002. In response to these new guidelines, schools and teachers have made adjustments in the ways they implement assessment practice and utilize assessment data -- ultimately impacting the lives of students and their educational outcomes. Using elements of Bourdieu's Theory of Practice as a lens to consider both context and implications of assessment practices within this new legislative era, a case study is focused on the lives of teachers and students within a single U.S. middle school. This study synthesizes secondary data in the form of standardized test scores, teacher grades in math and reading, a student grit survey, along with student narratives and teacher observations to reveal the ways in which assessment practice structures the classroom field. Findings reveal the conflicting ways in which teachers and students navigate a system framed by bureaucratic legitimacy. For teachers, issues of assessment rules and time constraints lead to frustrations and bureaucratic slippage. Conversely, students implement strategies to resist and manage the routine assessment practices of teachers. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Justice Studies 2015

abstract: Emerging in the late 1960s, the Free Clinic Movement represented an attempt to provide equitable, accessible, and free health care to all. Originally aimed at helping drug addicts, hippies, and runaways, free clinics were community-led organizations that ran solely on donations and volunteers, and were places where “free” meant more than just monetarily free - it meant free from judgment, moralizing, or bureaucratic red tape. This dissertation is an institutional history of the Los Angeles Free Clinic (LAFC), which, as a case study, serves to illustrate the challenges and cooperation inherent in the broader Free Clinic Movement. My project begins by investigating the links between the Free Clinic Movement and aspects of Progressive era reform, health care policy, and stigmatization of disease. By the 1960s, the community health centers formed under Lyndon Johnson, along with the growth of the New Left and Counterculture, set the stage for the emergence of the free clinics. In many ways, the LAFC was an anti-Establishment establishment, walking a fine line between appealing to members of the Counterculture, and forming a legitimate and structurally sound organization. The central question of this project is: how did the LAFC develop and then grow from a small anti-Establishment health care center to a respected part of the health care safety net system of Los Angeles County? Between 1967 and 1975, the LAFC evolved, developing strong ties to the Los Angeles County Department of Health, local politicians, and even the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD). By 1975, as the LAFC moved into a new and larger building, it had become an accepted part of the community. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation History 2016