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The dissertation provides a comprehensive analysis of the issue of quality in simultaneous interpreting. The theoretical part explores general questions related to quality in interpreting, namely the inherent difficulties encountered in defining quality, the issue of subjectivity in the assessment of quality, the different perspectives on quality and the issues surrounding the various quality criteria as suggested by different authors. The work focuses on the cognitive processes involved in simultaneous interpreting; concepts of working memory and cognitive load are discussed as well as their connection to the concept of interpreting as a decision-making process and a strategic behaviour. Quality is therefore understood as the capacity to efficiently and effectively manage available cognitive resources and to choose appropriate strategies to solve a particular problem in a specific interpreting situation, while taking into account the overall working conditions and the individual predispositions of the interpreter. The empirical part includes an analysis of actual interpreting of technical (legal) speeches. The technical nature of the speeches and the resulting linguistic and conceptual difficulties of the input material is considered to be a factor that increases cognitive load. The aim is to...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:34:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eduardo de Moraes Sabbag.pdf: 1264446 bytes, checksum: 8fae7a79057838894039ce31c2e1c7e1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The study deals with the confrontation between the Law and the news media, in light of the possible existence in the journal titled Diário de S. Paulo (ou Diário), a popular technical and legal language. It presents as research problem the view that the legal language, being refractory to socio-cultural variations, is the exclusive property of those who belong to a specific work activity the Law operators. It aims to show the reality of a dialogue between the technical domain and the popular lexicalfield, in full symbiosis aimed to bring about a vulgarization (or banality) inventory vocabulary used by experts. Thus, the study aims to demonstrate that the word restricted to specialized environment (technical language) can overcome their own barriers initiatory universe and reach the public domain, leaving the scientific level to enter the grassroots level in the wake of the journalistic information disclosed in popular periodicals. The methodology was based on data collection in the Diário, which is often associated with the category of popular newspaper, because of its wide circulation and distribution in São Paulo, especially among the public with lower income and little (or no) access to scholarly information. Starting from the premise that legal discourse is essentially selective and elitist, research in this type of journal shows that there is robust evidence to the demarcation of the existence of a popular technical and legal language in the Diário de S. Paulo / O trabalho trata do confronto entre o Direito e a mídia jornalística, à luz da possível existência, no periódico intitulado Diário de S. Paulo (ou Diário), de uma linguagem técnicojurídica popular. Apresenta como problema de pesquisa a concepção de que a linguagem jurídica, mostrando-se refratária às variações socioculturais, é propriedade exclusiva daqueles que pertencem a uma atividade laboral específica os operadores de Direito. Tem como objetivo evidenciar a real existência de um diálogo entre o domínio lexical técnico e o domínio lexical popular, em plena simbiose vocacionada a provocar uma vulgarização (ou banalização) do estoque vocabular utilizado por especialistas. Assim, o estudo visa demonstrar que o vocábulo restrito ao ambiente especializado (a linguagem técnica) pode ultrapassar as barreiras próprias do universo iniciático e alcançar o domínio público, deixando o nível científico para entrar no nível popular, na esteira da informação jornalística divulgada nos periódicos populares. A metodologia empregada se baseou no levantamento de dados no Diário, o qual costuma ser associado à categoria de jornal popular, em razão de sua grande circulação e difusão na cidade de São Paulo, sobretudo entre o público de menor renda e de pouco (ou nenhum) acesso à informação acadêmica. Partindo-se da premissa de que o discurso jurídico é essencialmente seletivo e elitista, a pesquisa nesse tipo de periódico permite concluir que há elementos robustos para a demarcação da existência de uma linguagem técnico-jurídica popular no Diário de S. Paulo

La thèse porte sur l’étude de l’emploi stylistique du lexique juridique français dans la prose de Georges Simenon. Il existe un nombre considérable d’ouvrages consacrés à la terminologie juridique, aux concepts de loi et de crime, au comportement discursif des avocats, à l’analyse linguistique des textes de lois, aux problèmes de la traduction du lexique juridique, à l’interférence linguistique, à l’étude des particularités pragmatiques, structurelles et sémantiques des textes des traités, et ainsi de suite. Dans notre thèse, le lexique juridique est étudié du point de vue de la stylistique, ce qui constitue sa nouveauté théorique aussi bien que pratique. Dans le premier chapitre, nous examinons certains termes d’appartenance juridique exclusive selon le classement de Gérard Cornu et nous montrons qu’une sixième partie d’entre eux sont susceptibles, au moins potentiellement, d’acquérir des sens figurés. Dans le deuxième chapitre, nous étudions 53 termes juridiques utilisés par Georges Simenon au sens figuré décrivant de différentes situations de la vie courante, qui, dans la plupart des cas, ne sont pas liées au droit. Dans le troisième chapitre nous analysons, du point de vue opposé, les figures stylistiques employées pour caractériser de différentes situations juridiques présentes dans la prose de Georges Simenon. Ainsi, même si ces figures stylistiques sont relativement peu nombreuses, les recherches effectuées montrent que Georges Simenon, malgré son intention affichée, n’est pas parvenu à éliminer complètement les figures stylistiques, un des éléments constitutifs essentiels du langage poétique. / Our thesis concerns studies of the stylistic use of the French legal vocabulary in Georges Simenon’s prose. In fact, legal terminology, concepts of law and crime, discursive behavior of lawyers, texts of laws, problems of legal translation, those of linguistic interference, those of pragmatic, structural and semantic peculiarities of the language of international agreements, for instance, were examined by different linguists. So, contemporary linguistics are interested in studying legal terminology from different points of view. On the other hand, during the last decades, linguostylistic studies are also developing very quickly. In our thesis, legal terminology is studied from the point of view of stylistics, and this approach constitutes its’ theoretical and practical novelty. In the first chapter we examine some terms belonging exclusively to legal terminology, in accordance with Gerard Cornu’s classification, and we show that in reality approximately one sixth part of them can acquire, at least potentially, some figural meanings. In the second chapter, we study 53 legal terms used by Georges Simenon in their figural meaning to describe different situations from everyday life which, in the most of cases, are not associated with legal situations. In the third chapter we analyze, from the opposite point of view, stylistic figures used to characterize different legal situations presented in Georges Simenon’s prose. To summarize, even if these figures are relatively small in number, our thesis shows that the writer, in spite of his artistic intention, was not able to eliminate them completely and that they remain one of the most important elements of the poetical language.

Language, Translation and Law The main objective of this thesis is to explore the interconnection of law and language with a special focus on legal translation. The author of the thesis analyses the history of legal translation together with multilingualism in European Union. The thesis is divided into three major parts: "Language in law", "Translation in law" and "Language(s) and multilingualism in the European Union". The author explains the term legal language in the first part. The attention is directed to indeterminacy and incomprehensibility of the legal language as well as to legal vocabulary and stylistics of legal discourse. The author furthermore analyses the role and legal regulation of the legal language in Czech legislation. The plain language movement is noted as well. The second part of the thesis examines in detail various aspects of legal translation. The author summarises legal translation history worldwide as well as the historical development within the Czech territory. Legal translation is addressed on the basis of the specific use of translation (legislation, international treaties, certified translation and interpretation). In the certified translation and interpretation history the author introduces the sworn interpreters cabinet decree of 22 December 1835 (Hofdecret 109....

La subtitulación de lenguaje especializado en series es una actividad con un alto grado de dificultad, puesto que el traductor se enfrenta a una triple tarea: 1) ser consistente con las normas y características de la subtitulación, 2) ser preciso y correcto con la terminología jurídica especializada y 3) tener que adaptar los contenidos y terminología para lograr una buena compresión y recepción del producto por parte de la audiencia. Esta triple tarea se dificulta aún más debido a la inherente complejidad de la traducción jurídica y a las restricciones de la traducción audiovisual. Por ello, la presente investigación tiene como finalidad analizar la subtitulación del lenguaje especializado presente en los siguientes dramas legales estadounidenses emitidos de 2009 a 2020: “The Good Wife”, “Suits”, “How to Get Away with Murder” y “American Crime Story: The People v. O. J. Simpson”. Mediante la técnica de análisis textual contrastivo, este estudio propone identificar y explicar los problemas que puede suponer esta tarea, al igual que determinar y explicar las técnicas empleadas para resolverlos. / The subtitling of specialized language present in series is an activity with a high degree of difficulty, since the translator faces a triple task: 1) to be consistent with the subtitling norms and characteristics, 2) to be precise and correct with the specialized legal terminology, and 3) to have to adapt the contents and terminology to achieve a good understanding and reception by the audience. The difficulty of this triple task increases in account of the inherent complexity of legal translation and the restrictions of audiovisual translation. Hence, this research aims to analyze the subtitling of specialized language present in the following American legal dramas broadcasted from 2009 to 2020: "The Good Wife," "Suits," "How to Get Away with Murder" and "American Crime Story: The People v. O. J. Simpson." By using the contrastive text analysis technique, this study intends to identify and explain the problems that this task may entail, as well as to determine and explain the techniques used to solve them. / Trabajo de investigación

本論文是以曾引起臺灣社會輿論熱烈關注的玻璃娃娃案為研究起點，進而探究法律語言、法律論證與日常語言之間的關聯性。首先，分析玻璃娃娃案的四件民事判決，並聚焦在這些判決文內容的法律語言、法律論證與日常語言。其次，從玻璃娃娃案判決的相關新聞報導中，探討日常語言與法律語言。再者 ，檢視與評論民法學者對玻璃娃娃案的第一、第二審判決的個案分析，藉此探究法律語言、法律論證與日常語言之間的關聯性，緊接著運用民法請求權基礎的架構來重新檢視玻璃娃娃案之當事人間的法律關係，例如契約、無因管理和侵權行為等。最後，藉由Robert Alexy的法律論證理論，檢驗玻璃娃娃案的民事第一、二、三審判決和民法學者對此案的案例分析之中的法律論證。 / This thesis investigate the relationships between legal language, legal argumentation and daily language in the fatal accident case of osteogenesis imperfecta in Taiwan. First, we analyze legal language, legal argumentation and daily language used in the verdicts of four civil cases. We focus on the contents of verdicts. Second, from the newspaper reports of this case, we investigate the relationships between legal language and daily language. Third, the case studies by civil law researchers are investigated by the verdicts of trial of first and second instances. From the investigation of cases studies, we can obtain the connection between legal language, legal argumentation and daily language. Using the foundations of claims of civil law, we re-study the legal relationships like contracts, torts and voluntary service among clients in the case of osteogenesis imperfecta. Finally, we re-investigate the legal argumentations of the every verdicts of civil court and the case studies with Theory of Legal Argumentation proposed by Robert Alexy.