The topic of the submitted diploma thesis originates from the methodological concept of both historical anthropology and history of mentality as well as everyday life history. The aim of the thesis is the attempt to find a reply to the question what death meant in the lives of soldiers, in what ways they were coping with fear, pain, suffering, in what ways they perceived violence - the inevitable part of their wartime world. The topic of the thesis itself is a complex view of dying and death of Czechoslovak legionaries on the Russian frontline during the First World War, processed mainly on the basis of analysis of historic resources, stored in both the Central Military Archive and Historical Military Archive and on study of ego-documents (correspondence, diaries and personal records of particular participants of the war). In the first part the variety of forms of death have been analysed: death at the battlefront, death in field hospitals, voluntary death or death as a punishment. The second part deals with feelings and mood of fighting men in relation to death, how they accepted it and were able to cope with it, it analyses stress factors, which soldiers had to face and it studies possibilities of defence against the stress of war and death. The third part brings closer the facts concerning...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:59:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 michele.pdf: 1114348 bytes, checksum: 63949f1da391bb0ac629b64d1e7080a7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-04-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This dissertation discusses the process of disciplining the practices and habits in the city of Chapeco between the 1940s and 1960s, especially from the implementation of the Brazilian Legion of Assistance in the city. The research carried through different documental sources reveals that this process greatly emphasized a certain project of civility which aimed children and women, mainly. Such project sought to interfere in family organization with regard to the care of children and also tried to moralize and discipline the infantile body as well as the feminine one through a system based on hygienism and eugenism. The creation of social policies, quite evident from the implementation of the Brazilian Legion of Assistance in the city, was directed to health and education. It was from these places that a recast of the familiar habits and customs in the public and private spaces was sought, choosing it as a builder and maintainer of a healthy, educated and organized society. The efforts to civilize Chapeco took place in the context of a recrudescence in nationalism and a seeking to integrate the city to the territory of Santa Catarina. Inicially represented as a violent land, of Indians and caboclos, Chapeco has been the subject of projects that aimed to change this idea to the concept of work land, of pioneer and educated people willing to achieve the ideal of a modern and civilized city / Esta dissertacao problematiza o processo de disciplinamento das praticas e costumes na cidade de Chapeco entre as decadas de 1940 e 1960, sobretudo, e principalmente, a partir da implantacao da Legiao Brasileira de Assistencia na cidade. A pesquisa realizada a partir de diferentes fontes documentais revela que esse processo enfatizava sobremaneira um determinado projeto de civilidade que teve como principais alvos as criancas e as mulheres. Tal projeto buscava intervir na organizacao familiar no que toca ao cuidado das criancas pela familia e tambem visava moralizar e disciplinar o corpo infantil e o feminino dentro de uma logica voltada ao higienismo e ao eugenismo. A criacao de politicas sociais, bastante evidentes a partir da implantacao da Legiao Brasileira de Assistencia na cidade, voltava-se a saude e a educacao. Era a partir desses lugares que se buscava a reformulacao dos habitos e costumes da familia nos espacos publico e privado, elegendo-a como construtora e mantenedora de uma sociedade sadia, educada e organizada. O esforco em civilizar Chapeco foi feito num contexto de recrudescimento do nacionalismo e na busca de se integrar a cidade ao territorio catarinense. Antes representada como terra violenta, de indios e caboclos, Chapeco vai ser alvo de projetos que objetivam deslocar essa ideia para a de terra de trabalho, de povo desbravador e educado, disposto a concretizar o ideal de cidade moderna e civilizada

L’étude de l’histoire ancienne de la région Cyrénaïque est importante. Cette région a vécu une longue période d'occupation grecque du 8ème au 6ème siècle av JC. suivie par les Ptolémaée (rois d’Égypte) qui ont gouverné cette région jusqu’à l’arrivée des Romains. Ces derniers l’ont administrée environ huit siècles, à partir de l’an 74 av. JC. À l’époque romaine, la Cyrénaïque était organisée en province. La province était exposée à certaines invasions, surtout celles des tribus libyennes. La richesse de la Cyrénaïque a donc attiré les regards des envahisseurs. C’est pourquoi les Romains ont effectué, après leur installation dans la province, des mesures défensives (fortifications) pour la protection et la sécurité de la Cyrénaïque. Ils ont ainsi construit tout au long des frontières de la province des forteresses, des murs, des tours de contrôle pour la surveillance. Ils ont aussi construit un réseau routier pour relier les villes de la province et construit des fortifications autour des villes. Les Romains ont par ailleurs restauré celles qui existaient déjà avant leur arrivée. Nous étudierons l’organisation militaire, c’est-à-dire l’organisation de l’armée à l’époque romaine L’armée était constituée des troupes militaires. nous appuyons sur les inscriptions.les moyens de financement qui dépendaient essentiellement des impôts. Nous L’étuderions moyens défensifs et militaires pour la protection de la province. Les moyens défensifs sont répartis en trois types : le premier comprend les forteresse ; le second la construction des routes afin de relier les villes ; le troisième moyen comprend les fortifications et les tours pour protéger les villes Cyrénaïque. / The study of the ancient history of the Cyrenaica region is important. This region has experienced a long period of Greek occupation from the 8th to the 6th century BC. Followed by Ptolemies, (Egyptian kings) who ruled this area for some time , until the arrival of the Romans. These have given approximately eight centuries , from the year 74 BC. JC . In Roman times, Cyrenaica was organized by province. The province was exposed to some invasions, especially those of the Libyan tribes. The wealth of Cyrenaica has attracted the attention of the invaders. This is why the Romans made after installation in the province, defensive measures for the protection and safety of Cyrenaica .They thus constructed along the borders of the province fortresses, walls, control towers monitoring .They also built a road network to connect the cities of the province and built fortifications around cities. The study military organization, that is to say the organization of the army at the time Roman. The army was made up of military forces, regular and local troops support. We rely on the inscriptions found on some ancient sources and basis for our research. The military organization of troops , weapons used , the means of financing depended mainly Taxes. The study defensive and military means for the protection of the province. Defensive measures are divided into three types the first includes the fortresses, churches and farms fortifies. The study of construction of roads to connect cities, and transport these provisions military. the third means comprises fortifications and towers to protect the five cities of Cyrenaica.

From the colonial period to the present, Americans have debated the role of the military and its place in American society. One important part of this debate is the issue of compulsory military service and whether it is consistent with the ideals of a democratic state. Although Americans have generally accepted compulsory service in times of national emergency, they have often expressed great reservations to it in times of peace. In their view, compulsory military service raises fundamental questions about the responsibilities of citizens to the state.Following World War II, proponents of compulsory military service campaigned for implementation of Universal Military Training (UMT) as a method of insuring manpower for a potential national emergency. By stressing the universal aspect of the program, supporters hoped to demonstrate the democratic qualities of UMT and its compatibility with traditional American ideals. Ultimately, however, they were unable to convince Congress and the general public of the program's merits. Some opposed the program because of its questionable military value in the atomic age. Many others voiced their disapproval of UMT largely because of a longstanding American sentiment against peacetime compulsory service. As a result, UMT was never implemented.This thesis will explore a neglected aspect of the UMT debate and examine the opposition of veterans to UMT. Veterans generally, and veterans organizations in particular, have traditionally advocated military preparedness. Not surprisingly, the American Legion was the primary nongovernmental organization to spearhead the effort to adopt UMT. Yet significant opposition to UMT existed even within the Legion's ranks. Similarly, the American Veterans Committee (AVC), a newly formed organization comprised of World War II veterans, announced its opposition to military training. With uncertain support from a segment of American society that would normally be expected to back preparedness programs, the government's plan for military training had little chance for adoption. With the resumption of selective service in 1948, the importance of UMT to U.S. military policy greatly diminished, and UMT virtually disappeared from the political forefront.Through the use of archival sources at the American Legion National Headquarters, the records of the American Veterans Committee, congressional testimony by representatives of both organizations, and various secondary sources, this thesis demonstrates that some veterans, like many Americans, viewed peacetime compulsory military service with great ambivalence and not an obligation of citizenship in a democratic state. / Department of History

This study examines the five American Legion battalions of the Canadian Expeditionary Force formed in 1915 specifically to recruit American volunteers for the Canadian overseas contingent of the First World War. This study reviews the organization of Canada's militia and Anglo-American relations before examining the formation of the American Legion, the background of its men, and the diplomatic repercussions it sparked. This study is based largely on material in the Public Archives of Canada including war records and the personal papers of several participants. During its brief existence, the American Legion precipitated constitutional, diplomatic, and political problems. The issues the American Legion raised were mostly solved by America's entry in the war. The episode hastened the maturity of Canada as a nation.

Cette recherche porte sur l’acquisition du français à la Légion étrangère. La Légion regroupe environ 140 nationalités et se charge elle-même de l’enseignement du français aux futurs légionnaires, principalement pendant une période de quatre mois au centre d’instruction de Castelnaudary. L’hypothèse principale de cette thèse est que ce mode d’acquisition rapide, en contexte plurilingue, et orienté vers une langue de travail concise et codifiée (le langage militaire), produit une variété linguistique reconnaissable, que nous nommons légiolecte. Nous nous interrogeons sur la corrélation entre le type même d’enseignement et la langue produite. Pour répondre à ces hypothèses, nous avons étudié les énoncés de légionnaires russes, serbes et polonais, car notre connaissance de ces langues nous permettait de neutraliser les marques transcodiques pour ne faire émerger que le légiolecte. / This research focuses on the acquisition of French language in the Foreign Legion. The Legion includes about 40 different nationalities and takes care itself of the teaching of French to the future legionnaires, mainly during the four-month training period at the Castelnaudary Instruction Centre. The main hypothesis of this work is that this fast acquisition in a multilingual context, and oriented towards a concise and codified working language (the military language), produces a recognizable linguistic variety, which we call ‘legiolect’. We wonder about the correlation between the type of teaching and the produced language. To answer these questions, we studied the statements of Russian, Serbian and Polish legionnaires, because our knowledge of these languages allowed us to neutralize the transcodic marks to bring out only the legiolect.

Daniel Dolejší The causes of continuing existence of the French Foreign Legion 2015 Abstract The core theme of this diploma thesis is the French Foreign Legion that is examined from the point of view of national interests and strategic culture of France. It is very unusual in developed countries to have foreigners as a part of national army. Goal of the thesis is to discover and describe the causes of continuing existence of the French Foreign Legion. First of all, the author defines national interests and strategic culture of France for certain periods, and then he assesses the contribution of the Legion to fulfillment of goals connected to the national interests and the strategic culture. To the main conclusions of this work belongs that the first hypothesis was confirmed, the French Foreign Legion helped to reach goals based on national interests in certain periods. On the other hand, the second hypothesis was not completely confirmed. The author expected that the strategic culture always stabilizes and supports the role of the Legion, but he found out the opposite for the interwar period. The author supposes higher importance of the Legion in the area of peacekeeping operations under a mandate of the UN or NATO because the EU currently lacks troops prepared to be deployed abroad.

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