Dans le cadre de cette recherche, nous avons traité de la construction de l’identité sociale et culturelle à travers la notion de patrimoine culturel. Compte tenu de la richesse du patrimoine et l’importance que la population libyenne lui accorde, nous avons essayé de mettre en évidence le rôle qu’il joue dans la vie social d’un individu. Après avoir présenté le patrimoine culturel de la société libyenne, en se basant non seulement sur les édifices de l’antiquité gréco-romaine ou du monde arabe mais aussi sur les musées, le folklore et les théâtres, nous avons mené une enquête auprès du public de la ville de Tripoli afin de connaitre leurs représentations sur cette problématique. La population libyenne est fière de la richesse de son patrimoine culturelle. À travers les réponses, nous avons pu constater l’importance accordée à leur patrimoine et la crainte de voir ce passé être détruit ou pillé par la guerre. Cette recherche nous a permis de comprendre que lorsqu’un pays possède une telle tradition, son identité sociale et culturelle passe forcément par la reconnaissance de son patrimoine. / As part of this research, we worked on the construction of a social identity through cultural heritage. We have tried to highlight the importance of the role of heritage in a person’s social life. After presenting the cultural heritage in Libyan society, not only based on buildings of Greco-Roman Antiquity or the Arab world but also museums, folklore and theaters, we conducted a public survey in the city of Tripoli in order to know the people’s opinion on this issue.Through their answers, we noted the importance they give to their heritage and their fear to see their past being destroyed or plundered by war. The people of Libya are proud of this cultural heritage. This research has allowed us to understand that when a country has such a tradition, the social and cultural identity necessarily requires the recognition of its cultural and artistic heritage.

abstract: ABSTRACT The absence of the consonant sound /p/ in Libyan Arabic leads Libyan speakers of English to pronounce /p/ as /b/. This study examines how Libyan Arabic speakers distinguish the English /p/ and /b/ in their production of L2 English. The study also examines the effect of the production contexts and the learning environment on two groups of Libyan Arabic speakers' attainment of the English /p/ in the USA and Libya. The study collected voice recordings of word-initial /p/ and /b/ in isolated-words, minimal pairs, and sentences in English from both Libyan Arabic speakers and American English speakers. The study also collected Libyan Arabic stop consonants /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, and /g/ from the Libyan participants. The voice recording data were collected using the WhatsApp mobile application from all participants and the Libyan Arabic participants were also asked to fill an online survey. Using voice onset time (VOT) as a measurement tool, this study measured the English and Libyan Arabic data through Praat software. The findings show that most Libyan Arabic participants distinguish between /p/ and /b/, but they did not have as high VOT averages as the American participants' /p/. It also reveals that the production context, especially in minimal pairs and sentence contexts, has an effect on their participants' production. However, the learning environment does not have an effect on the Libyan participants' pronunciation of /p/ in this study. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis English 2014

Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent) / Previously, many studies have used cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to detect and confirm the exact location of the MB2 canal in maxillary molars. It is now considered the gold standard, as it allows clinicians to visualize complex anatomical structures and to perform endodontic treatment safely. However, in the context of this study, the prevalence and location of the MB2 in maxillary first and second permanent molars among the Libyan population is limited. The aim of this in vivo study is to describe the prevalence and location of the MB2 in the mesiobuccal root of first and second maxillary molars and to describe a methodology to enable its geometric location in the Libyan population using CBCT imaging.

L’objet de cette étude est de traiter de la protection de l’enfant en droit libyen. Si la communauté internationale a œuvré pour que l’enfant soit un sujet de protection complète et spécifique, à travers divers textes, il n’en demeure pas moins que la situation de l’enfant reste disparate selon le lieu géographique et culturel où il évolue. Traiter de la situation de l’enfant en Libye, c’est d’abord faire le constat de sa situation dans un pays qui a vécu quarante deux ans de dictature, où la plupart des institutions démocratiques étaient absentes, où tous les pouvoirs étaient centralisés, où le droit a timidement évolué préférant rester dans le sillage du droit musulman. L’étude porte sur la situation de l’enfant en Libye à la lumière des normes internationales, et en comparaison avec le droit français. La première partie, concerne le statut de l’enfant dans la société libyenne qu’il soit enfant légitime ou enfant naturel. En effet, de la différence faite entre enfant légitime et enfant naturel découlent des droits différents. L’apport du droit français nous permet d’avoir une autre vision pour améliorer la protection de l’enfant en Libye qu’il s’agisse de la protection de l’enfant par sa famille, ou par l’État. Dans une seconde partie, l’étude traite comparativement, des garanties socio-éducatives et sanitaires proposées par le droit libyen et français à l’enfant, à travers l’étude de sa situation à l’école, et son droit à la santé. Enfin la protection de l’enfant contre l’exploitation économique et la délinquance reste un problème crucial dont le droit français et le droit libyen se sont saisis. Cette étude essaie d’apporter des éléments de réponses pour aider à améliorer la situation de l’enfant libyen. / The purpose of this study is to address the protection of children in Libyan law. If the international community has worked to ensure that the child is a matter of complete and specific protection through various texts, not remains that the situation of the child continues to be patchy depending on his geographical and cultural location. Address the situation of children in Libya, is first of all, make a finding of its situation in a country that has experienced 42 years of dictatorship, where most of the democratic institutions were absent, where all power was centralized, where the law has evolved timidly preferring to remain in the wake of Islamic law. The study tries to provide an assessment of the situation of children in Libya in light of international standards, and comparing with the French law. The first part of this study, discuss about the status of the child in Libyan society, where it makes the difference between legitimate and natural children. What follows different rights. The finding is also done on the protection of the child by the family, or the state, to see how the Libyan law defines the roles and areas of intervention. The contribution of the state of French law allows us to have a different view, to see how we can improve the protection of children in Libya. In the second part, the study compared tackles, socio-educational and health policies offered by the Libyan and French right to the child, through the study of his situation at school, and their right to health. Finally, the protection of children against economic exploitation and crime remains a major challenge, which is why the study deals with the supply of Libyan and French law on the subject. This study attempts not only to draw up a report, but also provide some answers that may help improve the situation of the Libyan children.

No description available.

Les similitudes entre les proverbes français et les proverbes arabe libyens dialectaux » est une étude parémiologique comparée de l'antiquité à nos jours. Les interrogations qui sous-tendent cette étude touchent aux ressemblances et aux divergences proverbiales, leur origine, les aspects linguistiques, sociolinguistiques ou anthropologiques. Il s'agit en premier lieu d'une approche rhétorico-sémantique à partir d'analyse grammaticale et syntaxique faisant apparaitre les similitudes, les convergences, mais aussi les différences entre les proverbes relevant de la littérature populaire ou orale de deux cultures différentes.Cette étude a pour ambition de mettre en lumière l'interculturalité et l'universalité du proverbe, des échanges entre les langues d'airs culturelles et religieuses différentes / The similarities between the French proverbs and sayings Libyan Arab dialect" is a parémiologique comparative antiquity to the present study. The questions underlying this study relate to the similarities and differences proverbial, origin, language, socio-linguistic and anthropological aspects. It is primarily a rhetorical-semantic from syntactic parsing and making appear similarities, similarities, but also differences within the popular proverbs or oral literature of two different cultures approach.This study aims to highlight intercultural and universal proverb, exchanges between languages ​​of different cultural and religious tunes

L’objectif de la thèse est d’étudier la politique libyenne étrangère en Afrique pendant la période (1969-2002). Les décisions de la politique étrangère libyenne ont été influencées par plusieurs orientations politiques, idéologiques et internationales. Le pétrole a permis la politique libyenne d’exercer un rôle important en utilisant s’importantes sommes d’argents provenant de ses revenus pétrolier. Ces dernières ont permis d’apporter des aides financières et économiques, ce qui a rendu la politique libyenne d’aide indispensable dans beaucoup de pays africains.Apres la fin de la guerre froide et la domination de la politique américaine au niveau mondial, la Libye a été accusée de l’affaire Lockerbie et a été sanctionnée par les nation-Unis. Les sanctions politiques et l’embargo économique ont conduits la Libye a changé sa politique étrangère et abandonner la lutte contre la présence américaine et israélienne en Afrique, ainsi qu’adopter une politique étrangère avec les intérêts occidentaux. / The aim of this thesis is to study the Libyan foreign policy in Africa from 1969 to 2002. The foreign Libyan political decision had been influence by many political, ideological and international directions. The petroleum had allowed to Libyan politics to exercise an important role by using important amount of money coming from the petroleum revenue. The latter had brought financial and economic assistance, which bring Libyan assistance policy essential in many African countries.After the end of the cold war and the world domination by the American politics, Libya had been accuse in the Lockerbie affaires and had been sanction by the United Nations. The political sanctions and the economic embargo conduct Libya to change its foreign policy and abandon the struggle against the presence of Americans and Israelis in Africa, as well as to adopt a foreign policy in the trends of Occidental interest

>Magister Scientiae - MSc / Nanotechnology has emerged as an elementary division of modern science and stemmed directly from green chemistry twelve basic concepts, it receives global attention due to its unique character and ample applications. It also has great potential to mitigate the challenges they face in various fields, especially medical sector. Nanodrugs are increasingly considered as a potential candidate to carry therapeutic agents safely into a targeted compartment in an organ, particular tissue or cell. In this study, twenty (20) Libyan plants were selected and evaluated for their potential to synthesis gold and silver nanoparticles. The screening of the different plant extracts was performed using 96 well plate method at 25 °C and 70 °C. The NPs formation was confirmed and characterized using UV- Vis, DLS, HR-TEM and EDX. A well-defined NPs were obtained at high temperature (70 °C). The Au NPs had an average diameter of 92 nm at 25 °C and 66 nm at 70 °C. The zeta potential values were observed to be negative (-14 to -24) and indicate the stability of the Au NPs. The HR-TEM showed polydispersity, which decreased at higher temperature (70 °C). The stability of Au NPs in nutrient broth prior was conducted as well. All the Au NPs under study showed stability, only minimal changes in the UV-Vis spectra can be observed. Two plant extract viz Pistacia atlantica, Junipers phoenicea showed consistent results and forming stable and smaller NPs compared to others, both of the plant extracts and the corresponding NPs were tested against Streptococcus mutans and showed MIC value ~ 49 g/mL. In case of silver NPs, two plant extracts viz J. phoenicea, Rosmarinus officinalis, showed superior results than the others; both plants produced stable and small Ag NPs. The antibacterial activity against S. mutans demonstrated MIC valus ~ 50 g/mL. The synthesised NPs showed a promising bioactivity for developments of new antibacterial agents against S. mutans strains. Dose-dependent activity was observed for the tested NPs.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / Internationalisation or the “process of integrating an international/intercultural dimension into the teaching, research and service functions of a higher education institution” (Knight 1997: 8) has become an important aspect of the domination of higher education institutions. In South Africa as in countries like the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Japan and Canada, there have been dramatic increases in the numbers of international students. Research shows that the majority of these international students experience various difficulties when the academic culture of the host environment is different from that of the home environment in many respects (Al-Murshidi, 2014; Abukhattala, 2013). The present study employs a social approach to academic literacies (Barton and Hamilton, 2000) to examine the academic reading and writing practices of a group of Libyan students in South Africa (against the backdrop of the home academic culture). Using both quantitative and qualitative methods (Creswell and Plano, 2011), data were collected and analysed to address reading and writing across Libyan and South African academic cultures. The sources of data include Facebook discussions, focus group discussions, questionnaires, documents (such as policies of UWC relevant to my study), and interviews with selected UWC officials. Thematic analysis was used to analyse qualitative data whereas SPSS was used to analyse quantitative data.

Thesis (Ph.D. (Political Science)) -- University of Limpopo, 2022 / Much of the literature on the recent Libyan conflict is framed through a Westernised lens. This is an epistemic and ontological setback for Africa. Hence, the transition from the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) to African Union (AU) with the principle of, “African solution to African problems,” seemed to be a plausible one after a number of imported solutions and western powers’ interventions that often left the continent worse off than before. Syria shared a similar situation with Libya but the intervention from the western powers differed significantly. Against this setback, this study employs Afrocentricity as an alternative theoretical lens to examine the incompatibilities of North Atlantic Treaty Organisation’s (NATO) involvement in the Libyan conflict within the context of the African Agenda. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the relations between AU and UNSC on the Libyan crisis, how the UNSC Res 1973 was understood and implemented AU and NATO and to reflect on the implications of NATO led military intervention under the pretext of Responsibility to Protect civilians in Libya. The involvement of NATO’s military force sealed not only the fate of Libyans with no long term plan to the resolution of the crisis but also severely restricted and undermined the efforts of AU in Libya. The efforts of AU and its roadmap were completely negated when NATO forces started their air raids. Divisions were clearly evident within NATO members with Germany and Netherlands opposing the motives of NATO. The intervention by NATO facilitated regime change and flooded the region with illicit trade in arms and goods, harboured armed extremists’ groups, and terrorists. The cauldron of all of the above effectively destabilised the region. It also exposed deep divisions within AU members, lack of coordination and the effects of limited resources on operations that could be handled continentally to avoid unsavoury interventions. In relation to the Libyan crisis, AU and NATO had divergent interests and could not cooperate in finding long lasting solutions. AU should in the future be proactive in resolving conflicts with the continent and should be prepared to fund its own operations in order to reduce dependence on foreign assistance in similar situations in the future.