The medieval period witnessed many attempts at organization, of both the mundane and sacred spheres. The otherworldy realms of heaven and hell are familiar to the modern reader, as is purgatory, but it was during the middle ages that the existence of another realm, limbo, was posited. This realm had its beginnings in questions of Christology and the extent to which Christian salvation could or could not be extended to non-Christian peoples. Its development was also shaped by questions of infant baptism, and the fate of those infants who died lacking this baptism. By the thirteenth century, it becomes more proper to speak of "the limbos", as the idea of limbo is split into two realms: the limbo of the Fathers (limbus patrum), wherein were placed the notable figures of the Old Testament, and the limbo of children (limbus puerorum). wherein were placed unbaptized infants of the Christian era. This thesis examines the development of the idea of limbo, concentrating primarily on works of speculative theology. It begins with the roots of the idea of limbo to be found in the writings of Augustine of Hippo and in the apocryphal Christian work, the Gospel of Nicodemus. From there, the questions of original sin, divine redemption, and baptism which shape the development of the idea of limbo are examined in the writings of several influential twelfth-century authors, including Anselm of Canterbury, Peter Abelard, Bernard of Clairvaux, and Peter Lombard. The earliest uses of the term "limbo" are examined in the works of William of Auvergne and William of Auxerre, and the full theology of limbo is considered in the works of the high scholastic writers Alexander of Hales, Albertus Magnus, Thomas Aquinas, and Bonaventure. Finally, the thesis concludes with a fusion of theology and art in an examination of the unique depiction of limbo in Dante's Divine Comedy.

I vår moderna tid med allt starkare krav från omvärlden på att förändra och anpassa sig är förändringar nödvändiga för organisationer för att förbli konkurrenskraftiga. I en organisationsförändring kan det ibland uppstå en utdragen vänteperiod där förändringen står stilla och informationen är abstrakt. Denna vänteperiod analyserar vi med begreppet limbo. Uppsatsens syfte är att få en förståelse för hur fenomenet limbo kan påverka meningsskapandet bland de intervjuade medarbetarna i den pågående organisationsförändringen. Med vår studie hoppas vi kunna bidra till mer kunskap om upplevelsen av limbo i organisationsförändringar och vilken påverkan limbo kan ha. Studiens empiri samlades in genom sju kvalitativa, semistrukturerade intervjuer med medarbetare som vid tidpunkten befann sig i en organisationsförändring. Vi använde tematisk analys för att bearbeta vår insamlade empiri. Slutsatsen i vårt arbete är att det förefaller finnas en negativ koppling mellan upplevelsen av limbo och meningsskapande, där limbo försvårar meningsskapandet hos de intervjuade medarbetarna. / In our modern age with stronger demands from the surrounding world to change and adapt are changes necessary for organisations to remain competitive. In an organisational change one can sometimes be faced with a lengthy waiting period where the change is stationary and the information is abstract. Henceforth we analyse this waiting period with the concept of limbo. The purpose of our study is to develop an understanding of how the phenomenon of limbo can influence sensemaking among employees in an ongoing organisational change. With our study, we hope to contribute to more knowledge about the experience of limbo in an organisational change and the impact limbo can have. We collected the data for the study by conducting seven qualitative, semi-structured interviews with employees who at the time were going through an organisational change. We used a thematic analysis to process our collected data. The conclusion of our work is that it seems to be a negative connection between the experience of limbo and sensemaking, where limbo hampered sensemaking among the employees.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-04-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:09:24Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 sanine_pr_me_botib.pdf: 932085 bytes, checksum: b52a32a17bbc0e8ecd048fe6dc583741 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / O presente trabalho teve como objetivos quantificar caracteres estruturais do limbo foliar, em dois cultivares e quatro acessos de tres especies de Arachis, procurando relaciona-los com graus de resistencia a cercosporiose, bem como discriminar esses individuos por meio da analise da dimensao fractal. Foram amostradas porcoes do terco medio da regiao internervural do terceiro ou quarto foliolo da segunda folha contada a partir do apice, sendo as amostras infiltradas em historresina, seccionadas com 7æm de espessura e coradas com azul de toluidina. Foram tambem realizadas impressoes da epiderme, utilizandose cola de secagem instantanea. Os caracteres quantificados foram: area da seccao da regiao internervural; areas e espessuras de epiderme das faces adaxial e abaxial, parenquima, hipoderme e mesofilo; area do complexo estomatico; espessura da folha; porcentagens de epiderme das faces adaxial e abaxial, parenquima e hipoderme; numeros de tricomas, estomatos, cristais de oxalato de calcio e idioblasto de mucilagem; e comprimento do ostiolo. Para a analise da dimensao fractal, utilizou-se folhas totalmente expandidas digitalizadas em imagens monocromaticas, determinando-se o valor da dimensao fractal do sistema foliar, limbo foliar, bordo foliar e sistema de venacao, atraves do metodo gBox-Countingh. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos aos testes estatisticos multivariados de analise de agrupamento e analise de componentes principais. Verificou-se que os caracteres estruturais quantitativos do limbo foliar podem ser utilizados como indicadores de resistencia a cercosporiose, em cultivares e acessos de diferentes especies de Arachis. A analise da dimensao fractal dos caracteres morfologicos foliares e os caracteres estruturais quantitativos do limbo foliar, possibilitaram diferenciar A. hypogaea, A. magna e A. stenosperma entre si. / The present work's objectives were to quantify leaf blade structural characters in two cultivars and four accessions of three Arachis species, in an attempt to associate them with different degrees of late leafspot resistance, as well as to discriminate those individuals by fractal dimension analysis. Portions from the middle third of the interveinal region of the third or fourth leaflets, in the second leaf counted from the apex were sampled. The samples were infiltrated in Historesin, sectioned at 7-æm thickness, and stained with toluidine blue. Epidermal prints were also prepared using instant bonding glue. The following characters were quantified: cross section area of the interveinal region; area and thickness of the epidermal adaxial and abaxial surfaces, parenchyma, hypodermis, and mesophyll; stomatal complex area; leaf thickness; percentage values of the epidermal adaxial and abaxial surfaces, parenchyma, and hypodermis; number of trichomes, stomata, calcium oxalate crystals, and mucilage idioblasts; and ostiole length. Completely expanded leaves, digitized as monochromatic images, were used in the dimension fractal analysis. Values for the leaf system's fractal dimension, leaf blade, leaf margin, and venation system were determined by the Box-Counting method. The data thus obtained were submitted to Cluster Analysis and Principal Components Analysis multivariate statistical tests. It was observed that leaf blade quantitative structural characters can be used as late leafspot resistance indicators for cultivars and accessions of different Arachis species. The fractal dimension analysis of leaf morphological characters and leaf blade quantitative structural characters allowed A. hypogaea, A. magna, and A. stenosperma to be discriminated from one another.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Nos Ãltimos anos, vÃrias pesquisas foram desenvolvidas na regiÃo SemiÃrida do Nordeste Brasileiro, no intuito de conhecer as potencialidades, tanto na produÃÃo como na qualidade de suas forragens. Como exemplo, a pornunÃa (Manihot sp.) na adiÃÃo de fonte de proteÃna no arraÃoamento de animais. Avaliou-se um modelo para a estimativa da Ãrea foliar, morfometria, composiÃÃo quÃmico-bromatolÃgica e mineral da pornunÃa (Manihot sp.) em funÃÃo da densidade de plantio e adubaÃÃo fosfatada. O experimento foi conduzido em sistema de sequeiro, no perÃodo de maio 2010 a outubro de 2011. Adotou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 4 x 4, com trÃs repetiÃÃes, sendo 4 espaÃamentos (1,5 x 1,5; 1,5 x 2,0; 2,0 x 2,0 e 2,5 x 2,0 metros) e 4 doses de fÃsforo (0,0; 56,66; 113,32 e 169,98 gramas/covas de superfosfato simples). Foram marcadas 192 plantas, sendo 4 por parcelas para avaliaÃÃes morfomÃtricas (altura da planta, nÃmero de ramos, diÃmetro de caule e nÃmero de folhas), quÃmico-bromatolÃgica e mineral (folhas, hastes e pool). No estudo do modelo para estimativa da Ãrea foliar, foram coletadas 3 folhas por planta, num total de 144, para determinaÃÃo da AF utilizando o mÃtodo direto (AFReal), medidor de Ãrea foliar tipo esteira (Li-Cor 3100) e por meio das dimensÃes lineares. O crescimento da pornunÃa, em termos de altura da planta, nÃmero de ramos, diÃmetro de caule e nÃmero de folhas depende da distribuiÃÃo temporal dos pulsos de precipitaÃÃo, principalmente o nÃmero de folhas da planta. Dentre as variÃveis de crescimento avaliadas, o nÃmero de folhas da planta à o mais sensÃvel Ãs variaÃÃes da disponibilidade de Ãgua no solo e distribuiÃÃo da chuva na estaÃÃo chuvosa e, como consequÃncia nÃo hà efeito do espaÃamento de plantio nem da adubaÃÃo fosfatada sobre esta variÃvel. A densidade de plantio e a adubaÃÃo fosfatada nÃo influenciam o nÃmero de rebrotaÃÃes, folhas e diÃmetro da pornunÃa quando cultivada em sequeiro. Em condiÃÃes de sequeiro, o espaÃamento de plantio e a adubaÃÃo fosfatada nÃo interferem (p>0,05) na composiÃÃo quÃmico-bromatolÃgica das folhas e do pool da pornunÃa, em termos de MS, PB, FDN, CHOT e CNF a exceÃÃo do teor de EE do pool. Pelo contrario, o espaÃamento de plantio e a adubaÃÃo fosfatada afetam (p<0,05) na composiÃÃo quÃmico-bromatolÃgica das hastes, a exceÃÃo do CHOT. A adubaÃÃo fosfatada e o espaÃamento de plantio influenciam os teores de magnÃsio e fÃsforo nas hastes e fÃsforo no pool da pornunÃa. A Ãrea foliar da pornunÃa determinada pelo medidor Li-Cor 3100 à cerca de 10% inferior em comparaÃÃo ao mÃtodo AFReal. O modelo que melhor se ajusta para a estimativa da Ãrea foliar foi do tipo potencial a partir das dimensÃes morfolÃgicas se aproximarem mais quando se usa o produto da largura pelo comprimento da folha, independente do seu tamanho. / In recent years, several studies have been developed in the semiarid region of Northeast Brazil, in order to know the potential, both in production and in the quality of the fodder. As an example, pornunÃa (Manihot sp.) used as addition of a protein source in animal feeding. It was evaluated a model for leaf area estimation, morphology, chemical composition and mineral of the pornunÃa (Manihot sp.) in function of planting density and phosphorus fertilization. The experiment was conducted under rainfed system in the period from May 2010 to October 2011. It was adopted a randomized block design in a factorial 4 x 4 with three replications and four spacings row (1,5 x 1,5; 1,5 x 2,0; 2,0 x 2,0 and 2,5 x 2,0 meters) and four levels of phosphorus (0,0; 56,66; 113,32 and 169,98 grams/pits superphosphate). 192 plants were marked, being 4 by plots for morphological (plant height, number of branches, stem diameter and number of leaves), bromatological and mineral (leaves, stems and pool). In the model studies to estimate leaf area were collected 3 leaves per plant, for a total of 144 leaves, to determine the AF using the direct method (AFReal), leaf area meter (Li-Cor 3100) and by linear dimensions. The growth of pornunÃa in terms of plant height, number of branches, stem diameter, leaf number depends on the temporal distribution of precipitation pulses, particularly the number of leaves. Among the growth variables evaluated, the number of leaves of the plant is the most sensitive to changes in soil water availability and rainfall distribution during the rainy season and as a consequence there is no spacing row or phosphorus fertilization effect on this variable. Planting density and phosphorus fertilization did not influence the number of regrowth, leaves and diameter of the plant when it is grown in rainfed. Under rainfed conditions, the planting space and phosphorus fertilization do not interfere (p> 0.05) in the chemical composition of the leaves and the pool of pornunÃa, in terms of DM, CP, NDF, CHOT and NFC, with exception of EE content in the pool. Rather, the spacing row and phosphorus fertilization affect (p <0.05) the chemical composition of the stems, with the exception of CHOT. The phosphorus fertilization and planting spacing influence the levels of magnesium and phosphorus in the stems and phosphorus in the pool of the pornunÃa. The pornunÃa leaf area determined by the meter Li-Cor 3100 is about 10% lower compared to the AFReal method. The model that best fits to estimate the leaf area was the potential type from the morphological dimensions, when it gets closer if using the product of the width by length of the sheet, regardless of its size.

Chaque année, des centaines de milliers de ressortissants de pays tiers en séjour irrégulier ne peuvent être éloignés de l'Union européenne (UE). L'inéloignabilité de certains étrangers n'est pas toujours transitoire, et nombreuses sont les personnes qui y demeurent pendant des années. Et pourtant, l'inéloignabilité de longue durée ne mène pas forcément à la régularisation du séjour. Je suis intéressé par la manière dont l'UE gère l'inéloignabilité, ainsi que par les raisons pour lesquelles autant de personnes inéloignables se retrouvent dans des limbes juridiques d'exclusion du séjour régulier. Dans une première partie, je conceptualise la nature et les conséquences des divers statuts d'étrangers inéloignables, tels que réglementés par le droit de l'UE. Je propose ainsi une typologie des limbes juridiques entre le séjour irrégulier et régulier. Il existe des limbes de tolérance, d'un côté, et des limbes de séjour régulier non-Reconnu, de l'autre. Je me consacre principalement aux limbes de tolérance. Dans une deuxième partie, j'examine la manière dont l'UE a gouverné ces limbes juridiques, notamment son impact sur le lien dans ses États membres entre divers types d'obstacles à l'éloignement, d'un côté, et les statuts de tolérance, de l'autre. Dans une troisième partie, j'analyse les fonctions attribuées aux limbes de tolérance par des acteurs institutionnels de l’UE. Je soutiens que les statuts de tolérance peuvent se voir attribuer des fonctions de rétribution, de dissuasion, d'éloignabilité, de spectacle étatique, de sélection, et de réduction des dépenses publiques. / Hundreds of thousands of illegally staying third country nationals (TCN) cannot be removed from EU Member States despite the issue of return measures against them. Illegally staying TCNs may not be removable as a result of legal, policy, or practical obstacles to removal. Non-Removability is not always temporary and can in many cases last a very long time. And yet protracted non-Removability does not necessarily lead to regularisation of status. I am interested in how the EU has managed non-Removability and why so many non-Removable persons have been left in a limbo of exclusion from legal residence. In Part I, I provide a conceptual framework for understanding the nature and consequences of a variety of positions that non-Removable TCNs may find themselves in. I do so by providing a typology of what I call limbo spaces between illegal and legal stay. There are limbo spaces of toleration, on the one hand, and limbo spaces of unrecognised legal residence, on the other. I mainly focus on toleration. In Part II, I examine how the EU has governed limbo spaces of toleration, namely its important impact on the nexus in Member States between various forms of non-Removability, on the one hand, and limbo spaces of toleration, on the other. In Part III, I analyse the functions of limbo spaces of toleration. I argue that toleration positions can be viewed as sanctions of membership exclusion, and may be perceived by certain EU institutional actors as performing a range of functions akin to administrative detention and imprisonment: retribution, deterrence, enhanced removability, the expressive power of the State, and selection/rehabilitation.

Libby in Limbo is a scripted narrative podcast that follows Libby as she moves back to her small hometown, gets a job as a librarian, and learns to navigate life in a small, tight-knit community. This podcast serves two main purposes: to create entertainment media about a library that does not promote harmful stereotypes about libraries and to create awareness and accessibility of scripted podcasts.

Designing the elements of a theatrical production is a unique and often experimental process. This process changes from show to show, and it can be difficult for a viewer to differentiate mistakes from design choices without a background in lighting. That is why it is important to take a look at the design process step by step. Two goals I strove for when designing Savage In Limbo were, how the director's concept blended with a design and if the integrity of the designer's vision was evident on stage. To explore these goals, script analysis and consideration of the director's vision are two very important processes. Additionally, an exploration of the design process will better describe the growth and personal achievements of the design. This thesis will show the process of the lighting design for The University of Central Florida's 2011 production of John Patrick Shanley's Savage In Limbo. The project will highlight the design achievements and the goals explained previously, and create a formal dialogue on this specific design in order to provide insight into the process. When analyzing the design it was important that I assessed the process as well as the product by looking at whether the design met the expectations of the script and audience. This thesis will also explore how my past experiences, education and current skill level have prepared me for this design process in order to create a guideline for others interested in the development of knowledge needed for design.

Submitted by Leticia Alvarenga (leticiaalvarenga@fdv.br) on 2018-09-12T11:46:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Bruna Pinheiro Destefani.pdf: 671662 bytes, checksum: 56d32bb516664b99ae69bc532cba4a0c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Galdino (repositorio@fdv.br) on 2018-09-17T11:19:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Bruna Pinheiro Destefani.pdf: 671662 bytes, checksum: 56d32bb516664b99ae69bc532cba4a0c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-17T11:19:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Bruna Pinheiro Destefani.pdf: 671662 bytes, checksum: 56d32bb516664b99ae69bc532cba4a0c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-10 / Este trabalho investiga a colisão de direitos fundamentais na obrigatoriedade de reintegração (ou indenização) do empregado considerado apto pelo INSS e inapto por seu empregador. Identificada a colisão, a dissertação passa a investigar qual tratamento deve ser dado às micro ou pequenas empresas. A partir da dialética, objetiva-se conferir parâmetros argumentativos aos magistrados no momento de julgarem casos de empregados vinculados a micro e pequenos empregadores inseridos no limbo jurídico previdenciário trabalhista. Na primeira parte do trabalho analisamos a Previdência Social e sua relação com os princípios de proteção ao trabalho e à saúde. Em seguida, na busca pela origem do limbo jurídico previdenciário trabalhista, investigamos a divergência médica entre o médico do trabalho e o médico perito do INSS. Posteriormente, exploramos a responsabilidade socioambiental das empresas no limbo previdenciário na perspectiva da eficácia horizontal dos direitos fundamentais. Por fim, identificamos o tratamento diferenciado constitucionalmente assegurado às micro e pequenas empresas e utilizamos o modelo de ponderação delineado por Robert Alexy para construir aquela que, para nós, parece ser a mais adequada à colisão de direitos fundamentais das micro e pequenas empresas inseridas no limbo jurídico previdenciário trabalhista, qual seja, a vinculação de seu porte econômico ao quantum indenizatório pago empregado. / This legal dissertatation investigates the potential collision of fundamental rights in the following scenario: mandatory reintegration (or monetary compensation) of an employee who´s been considered fit for work by the Social Security Administration but, at the same time, unfit by the employer. Once the collision is identified, this dissertation examines how micro and small enterprises should be legally addressed on the matter above. From a dialectical approach and by providing argumentative parameters, this research intends to assist Courts on solving cases regarding employees of micro and small enterprises which are inserted in this social security legislation loophole. In the first part of this dissertation, the object is to analyze the Social Security Administration and its relation with the principles of health and the worker protection. Hereu pon, in the search for the origin of the above-mentioned loophole, we investigate the medical divergence of opinions between the employer’s inhouse physician and the Social Security Administration physician. After that, from the perspective of the horizontal effectiveness of fundamental rights, this study discusses the socioenvironmental liability of micro and small enterprises in the described scenario. Finally, we explore in which ways the Brazilian Constitution grants such enterprises a differentiated legal framework and use Robert Alexy’s weight of principles theory to build what, for us, is the best solution for the collision of fundamental rights presented above, which can be achieved by linking the micro and small enterprises’ economic size to the damages paid to the employee.

Orientador: Tatiane Maria Rodrigues / Resumo: Os táxons pertencentes ao complexo Eriosema campestre Benth. (Fabaceae, Papilionoideae, Phaseoleae) apresentam problemas taxonômicos decorrentes da uniformidade das características morfológicas de seus membros, o que dificulta sua identificação. Atualmente, E. campestre é composta por três variedades (E. campestre var. campestre, E. campestre var. delicatula e E. campestre var. macrophyllum), que são diferenciadas principalmente por caracteres relativos ao comprimento dos indumentos foliares e a morfologia do limbo foliolar. Entretanto, a dificuldade de delimitação dos três táxons provocada pelas semelhanças morfológicas, associadas à falta de estudos anatômicos e morfológicos detalhados, tem levado à identificação errônea de seus exemplares em herbários nacionais e estrangeiros. Com o objetivo de buscar subsídios para uma clara delimitação dos táxons deste grupo, a morfologia externa do eixo vegetativo e os aspectos anatômicos de folhas dos três táxons de E. campestre, com ênfase nos tricomas glandulares, foram analisados. As três variedades de E. campestre apresentaram diferenças na morfologia externa, principalmente quanto ao formato dos folíolos e estípulas, conação de estípulas e região de ramificação do sistema subterrâneo intumescido. Anatomicamente, apresentaram diferenças na nervura principal do limbo foliar (formato da região e presença de idioblastos fenólicos no floema) e pecíolo (contorno do órgão e disposição dos tecidos vasculares). Quanto aos tricomas glandula... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The taxa belonging to the complex Eriosema campestre Benth. (Fabaceae, Papilionoideae, Phaseoleae) have some taxonomic problems due to the uniformity of morphological characteristics of their members, making their identification difficulty. Currently E. campestre is composed by three varieties (E. campestre var. campestre, E. campestre var. delicatula and E. campestre var. macrophyllum), which are mainly distinguished by characters related to the length of leaflet indumenta and the leaflet blade morphology. However, the difficulty of delimiting those three taxa is caused by morphological similarities associated with the lack of anatomical and morphological detailed studies, which has led to erroneous identification of their specimens in national and foreign herbaria. In order to obtain subsides for a clear definition of those taxa of the group the external morphology of vegetative axis and the anatomical aspects of leaves for those three taxa of E. campestre, emphasizing on glandular trichomes, were analyzed. The three varieties of E. campestre presented differences on their external morphology, mainly concerning the leaflets and stipules shapes, stipules fusion and branching regions of the swollen subterranean system. Anatomically, varieties showed differences in the leaf midrib (shape and presence of phenolic idioblasts in the phloem) and petiole (organ contour and shape of vascular tissue). Concerning the glandular trichomes, in addition to morphotypes common among the stu... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

In 2000, Iraqi-born film director, poet and author Hassan Blasim fled Iraq to escape persecution for his films on the forced migration of Kurds by Saddam Hussein's regime. After travelling through Europe for four years, he was granted asylum in Finland. It was in Europe that many of his short stories were published, including Majnūn Sāḥat Al-ḥurrīya (2015) which offers a haunting critique of the war and post-war experiences of migrants fleeing Iraq and settling in Europe. This thesis is an investigation of how the migrant figure is dehumanised during the migration trajectory from displacement to integration through three of the short stories in Hassan Blasim’s Majnūn Sāḥat Al-ḥurrīya: Šāḥinat Barlīn (The Truck to Berlin), Al-ʾaršīf Wa-al-wāqiʿ (The Reality and the Record) and Kawābīs Kārlūs Fuwantis (The Nightmares of Carlos Fuentes). This thesis uses close reading in order to highlight how the migrants in these short stories are depicted as ingenuine asylum claimants who cheat and perform to gain entry to the West and as terrorists or animals who are a threat to the cultural norms of the receiving nations. In this thesis, it is argued that it is these depictions and assumptions which lead to their negative treatment and societal rejection.