Ce mémoire se penche sur l’expérience urbaine dans les recueils de poèmes Kaléidoscope ou Les aléas du corps grave et Trivialités de Michel Beaulieu. L’objectif de cette étude est d’analyser comment la ville contribue à orienter Beaulieu vers le récit au sein même du poème et produit de ce fait une hétérogénéité générique dans ses recueils. Le premier chapitre montre que, dans Kaléidoscope, le sujet parvient à transformer son rapport à la ville natale, Montréal, en élaborant une véritable poétique du regard qui lui permet de faire l’expérience d’une temporalité kaléidoscopique, laquelle engendre du récit dans le poème. Le second chapitre analyse, dans Trivialités, le parcours mental qu’effectue le sujet poétique dans sa ville natale dans le but de mettre en récit les événements marquants de sa vie. À partir de la théorie de l’énonciation, le dernier chapitre étudie les modalités du récit dans les deux recueils de Beaulieu et montre que la cohabitation des régimes d’énonciation du « discours » et du « récit » oblige à reconsidérer la nature du sujet qui s’énonce dans le recueil en repoussant les frontières entre autobiographie et lyrisme. / This M.A. thesis concerns the urban experience in Michel Beaulieu’s collections of poems Kaléidoscope ou Les aléas du corps grave and Trivialités. Il aims to show that the city guides the poet towards the narrative genre within the poem. The first chapter shows that in Kaléidoscope the poetic subject transforms his perception of his hometown, Montreal, by developing a unique « vision » that allows him to experiment a kaleidoscopic temporality, which generates a narrative in the poem. The second chapter discusses the mental journey that, in Trivialités, the poetic subject performs in his hometown in order to understand the main events of his life. The last chapter, in studying the enunciation, explores how the insertion of the narrative in the poem forces us to reconsider the nature of the poetic subject by breaking the boundaries of autobiogray and lyricism.

Le motif de la « chambre close », considéré comme emblématique du roman policier, a été exploité par de nombreux écrivains depuis le XIXe siècle. Chez les pères fondateurs du genre, tels Edgar Allan Poe et Arthur Conan Doyle, il s’est d’abord incarné sous une forme simple, celle d’un mécanisme permettant la mise en scène d’un « défi à la raison » (Christiane Cadet, 2008), avant de se complexifier à la Belle Époque. Sous la plume de Gaston Leroux, la simplicité cède la place à l’hybridité alors que la « chambre close », en s’emplissant d’un étonnant parfum de femme, devient le lieu où se croisent le crime et la passion, le privé et le public, la raison et la superstition. Dans Le Mystère de la chambre jaune (1907) et Le Fantôme de l’Opéra (1910), le romancier articule ses intrigues autour d’espaces atypiques, destinés à bouleverser les codes du genre policier. Ce mémoire s’attache ainsi à la manière dont un roman populaire, malgré son recours à un motif largement exploité, peut déplacer et transgresser l’horizon d’attente auquel il est associé. Plutôt que d’être figée à la manière d’un cliché photographique, la « chambre close » évolue sans cesse dans les récits à l’étude. Influencée par le phénomène d’hybridité générique qui sous-tend les romans, elle se dote de nouvelles significations qui la singularisent par rapport à l’emploi qu’en ont fait les prédécesseurs. En s’intéressant, dans un premier temps, à la trajectoire empruntée par les corps féminins et à leur influence sur les décors et, dans un deuxième temps, à la manière dont l’espace canalise un certain imaginaire propre à la littérature du XIXe siècle, il s’agira de voir comment Leroux parvient à faire éclater les murs d’un lieu qui, jusqu’alors, était clos « comme un coffre-fort » (Gaston Leroux, 1925). / The "locked room" concept, generally considered symbolic of detective fiction, has been used by many writers since the 19th century. Amongst the authors of the genre, it was integrated as a simple mechanism to generate a mental challenge for the reader (Thomas Narcejac, 1975). The concept became more complex with the advent of the Belle Époque. The "locked room", under Gaston Leroux’s influence, became the central place where crime and passion, public and private, reason and superstition meet, when filled with the perfume of a woman. In The Mystery of the Yellow Room (1907) and The Phantom of the Opera (1910), Gaston Leroux built his intrigues around atypical "locked rooms" with the intent of upending the codes of detective fiction. This research focuses on the elements through which a popular novel can break its commonly associated expectations, despite the use of a widely exploited pattern. Instead of being frozen in time, the "locked room" is always evolving ; influenced by the novels’ underlying generic hybridity, it acquires new meanings that distinguish it from its predecessors. By first focusing on the path of female bodies and their influence on the decor, and then on the way the "locked room" reuses components associated with literature from the 19th century, we will see how Leroux manages to break the walls of a place that has been considered as closed as a safe (Gaston Leroux, 1925).

The diploma thesis Possibilities of seminars of creative writing in high school seeks to describe and theoretically explicate the implementation of creative writing into high school education. The thesis is divided into two parts - a theoretical and a practical one. The theoretical part focuses on the author's conception of creative writing, on the possibilities and components of creative writing understood as both a teaching method and a subject. The section also deals with the interconnection of teaching of creative writing and the Framework Educational Programme. In particular, it discusses the relation of the subject to key competencies and cross-curricular subject. The main goal of the theoretical part is to propose a creative writing thematic plan for high school. In the practical part, concrete activities and preparations for teaching of creative writing are presented. Furthermore, the part includes description of the course of some lessons and also reflection of lessons that have already been given from the teacher's and students' perspective. The purpose of the diploma thesis is twofold. First, it consists in the evaluation of the use of creative writing teaching in high school with regard to its background in curricular documents. Second, the thesis can serve as a source of inspiration...

La poésie et la cosmologie sont étroitement liées depuis l’Antiquité. Des traités d’astronomie didactiques en vers aux récits mythologiques, en passant par les hypothèses cosmologiques versifiées sur la structure de notre monde, les formes de ce dialogue sont aussi nombreuses que diverses. Or les échanges féconds entre poésie et cosmologie perdurent à travers les âges, pour culminer au XIXe siècle, dont les débuts marquent une promotion remarquable de la nuit dans l’imaginaire littéraire, à compter du premier Romantisme européen. Le cosmos, source inépuisable d’enchantement poétique, devient au XIXe siècle un sujet d’autant plus riche que les découvertes scientifiques bouleversent notre conception des cieux, ouvrant la voie à une cosmologie moderne gouvernée par les mathématiques et l’astrophysique. En France, poésie et cosmologie connaissent alors un ensemble de mutations dues à une crise de légitimité engagée par le discours positiviste. L’enquête montre comment le contexte de redéfinition des méthodes scientifiques et de renversement progressif de la hiérarchie des discours entre science et Belles-lettres a informé le dialogue entre la poésie et la cosmologie, dans le cadre d’une redéfinition parallèle de leurs formes, enjeux et valeurs. En étudiant le moment de cette transition, elle permet de porter un regard nouveau sur un ensemble de problématiques majeures qui traversent la poésie du second XIXe siècle : la forme totale et le problème du didactisme, la hiérarchie des discours de la science et de la poésie, et la question du sacerdoce poétique au regard d’un renouvellement du rapport à la mythologie. / Since Antiquity, there has been a close relationship between poetry and cosmology. We can perceive the coevolution of these two disciplines in a wide range of different poetic forms: mythological tales, versified didactic treatises, or versified cosmological hypotheses on the structure of worldly existence. Nineteenth-century France witnesses particularly intense debates about the nature of both poetry and cosmology, however, and the functions of these two disciplines increasingly merge, especially after Romanticism. The cosmos assumes a new relevance as both the subject of scientific investigation and poetic creation. In this period of history, crucial scientific discoveries change our perception of the skies and give rise to the modern science of cosmology, based on the principles of mathematics and astrophysics. The legitimacy of both poetry and cosmology is tested by positivist discourse, as the definition of scientific methods change and the hierarchy between science and literature is inverted. This study shows the importance of this historical context in the dialogue between poetry and cosmology. Focusing on this crucial historical turning point, this thesis sheds a new light on various major issues that French poets faced in the second half of the twentieth century: the poetic quest for a totalizing form, the difficulties posed by the didactic genre, the value of domains of knowledge and literature, the question of the religious mission of poetry, and the renewal of mythology at the time.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar as relações entre o gênero policial e os romances La pesquisa (1994), de Juan José Saer, e Plata quemada (1997), de Ricardo Piglia. Inseridos nas poéticas singulares e originais de seus autores, ambos os textos refletem, por um lado, as práxis narrativas que tanto Saer quanto Piglia já vinham desenvolvendo havia vários anos quando da publicação dos livros, nos anos noventa. Por outro lado, a leitura dos romances sob a perspectiva das narrativas policiais, frequentemente associadas a uma literatura popular ou de massas, leva à indagação de se e como é possível o desenvolvimento de uma escrita mais complexa e ambiciosa esteticamente em diálogo com as convenções que, em princípio, caracterizam o gênero literário. A partir desta questão, a hipótese de leitura se concentrará no conceito de transgressão dentro da literatura, partindo da ideia de Michel Foucault desenvolvida no ensaio Prefacio a la transgresión. A transgressão pensada na escrita de La pesquisa e Plata quemada, então, pode consistir em um gesto que, ao franquear os limites genéricos, não só reconfigura as poéticas de Saer e Piglia, como também repensa o conceito de gênero policial, bem como a relação dos dois escritores com o contexto cultural em que desenvolvem suas obras. / This study aims to analyze the relations between crime fiction as a literary genre and the novels La pesquisa [The investigation] (1994), by Juan José Saer, and Plata quemada [Burnt money] (1997), by Ricardo Piglia. Inserted into their author´s unique and original poetics, both texts reflect, on the one hand, the narrative praxis that both Saer and Piglia had already been developing for several years when the books were published in the nineties. On the other hand, the reading of the novels from the perspective of crime fiction, a genre often associated with popular or mass literature, leads to the question of how is it possible to develop a more complex and ambitious writing, aesthetically speaking, in dialog with the conventions that, in principle, distinguish the literary genre. From this point on, the hypothesis of reading will focus on the concept of transgression in literature, as it is developed by Michel Foucault in his essay Prefacio a la transgresión [A Preface to Transgression]. Back to the way La pesquisa and Plata quemada are conceived, the transgression can be figured out as a gesture that, by crossing the genre limits, not only reconfigure the way the narrative of Saer and Piglia could be read, but also rethink the crime fiction as a genre and the relations of both authors with the cultural context in which they develop their works.

A partir de uma perspectiva que valoriza a teoria dos gêneros literários, o presente trabalho busca verificar como se processam, na obra da escritora brasileira Hilda Hilst, as relações entre lírica, teatro e prosa narrativa. Seu principal parâmetro teórico é o trabalho de Peter Szondi: Teoria do drama moderno, livro em que o crítico alemão aborda a mistura de gêneros literários como tentativas de superar, na criação estética, problemas objetivos relacionados à situação histórica de determinada forma literária. No caso de Hilda Hilst, serão analisadas como as incursões da autora no teatro e na prosa narrativa funcionam como resposta problemática à recepção de uma lírica inicialmente balizada pelos ideais poéticos da Geração de 45. Demonstro, assim, como as tentativas da autora em outras modalidades discursivas produzirão alterações formais significativas em sua obra, a partir da contaminação estrutural de um gênero para o outro. / Taking into consideration a perspective that privileges the Theory of literary forms, this study aims at verifying the way it works, in the production of the Brazilian writer Hilda Hilst, the relations among lyrics, theater and narrative prose. The theoretical parameter is the works Theory of Modern Drama, by Peter Szondi, in which the German critic deals with the question of mixture of literary forms as an alternative to overcome objective questions related to the historical situation of a certain literary form. Concerning Hilda Hilst, we intend to analyse how the incursions of the author in theater and narrative prose appear as a problematic response to the reception of a lyrics initially guided by the poetic ideals of the Generation of 45. As we intend to demonstrate, the attempts on the part of the author in other discursive types will produce significant formal modifications in her work, by means of the contamination of structures of one gender to another.

A presente dissertação busca fazer uma análise da obra em contos do escritor Afonso Henriques de Lima Barreto (1881-1922), que se encontra publicada em diversas coletâneas; algumas organizadas pelo próprio autor, outras publicadas por pesquisadores e editores. Foi constatado ao longo de nossa pesquisa que a contística barretiana se encontra, atualmente, em situação bastante problemática. Do ponto de vista da crítica literária, ela tem sido pouco estudada e, com relação à situação editorial, a obra em contos de Lima Barreto tem apresentado inúmeros casos de negligência. Outro dado levantado por nossa pesquisa apontou que um número elevado de textos do autor se encontra presente simultaneamente em coletâneas destinadas aos gêneros conto e crônica. Tal oscilação se constitui como índice de uma problemática ainda maior, que deságua na pouca atenção dispensada pela crítica a esta parcela de sua prosa ficcional. O método utilizado ao longo deste trabalho partiu do entendimento apresentado pelo próprio Lima Barreto sobre a função social da literatura, sintetizada na ideia de literatura militante. Além deste, a pesquisa se pautou pelas discussões travadas pelo autor em torno das questões de gênero literário e pelo próprio contexto no qual o autor produziu, conhecido pela denominação de \"pré-modernismo\". A partir da constatação de que os romances de Lima Barreto já apresentam as marcas de uma diluição nas fronteiras tradicionais entre os gêneros literários, o objetivo da dissertação foi o de tentar demonstrar que esta característica também está fortemente presente em seus contos, sobretudo no aspecto híbrido que apresentam, tais como conto e ensaio; conto e crônica; conto e anedota; conto e diálogo. Além do hibridismo, encontra-se na prosa ficcional curta do autor, de forma mais acentuada que nos romances, a questão da oralidade e da escrita jornalística. Estas, por sua vez, se configuram como prenúncios da modernidade estilística da prosa brasileira que se consagraria pelo século XX afora. Muitas questões ainda restam em aberto, embora a pesquisa tenha conseguido identificar algo que unifique, ainda que precariamente, a totalidade dos textos escritos pelo autor dentro deste gênero literário, qual seja: a diversidade estilística e o hibridismo estético. / This paper intends to make an analysis about Afonso Henriques de Lima Barreto\'s short stories (1881 - 1922) that have been published in many collections. Researches and editors published these collections and some of them were organized by the own author. Through this survey, it was observed that the short stories are on a difficult situation. From a literary criticism point of view, this kind of situation is not been studied as much as it should be. From a editorial perspective, the Lima Barreto\'s short stories have various negligence cases. There is another relevant aspect observed through this survey. There are a lot of Lima Barreto\'s texts in collections about short stories and chronicles and this kind of variation reflects a big problem: the literary criticism has given insufficient attention to the fictional prose work of the author. The method used to develop this research was based on Lima Barreto understanding about the social function of literature, summarized in the activist literature idea. In addition to this, the research was based on the discussions held by the author around issues of literary genre and by the context in which the author produced his work, known as the \"premodernism\". The traditional borders between literary genres are more fluids on Lima Barreto\'s novels. Based on the above, the objective of this paper was to show that this characteristic is also in his short stories, foremost with its hybrids aspects as short story and essay; short story and chronicle; short story and jokes; short story and dialogue. Besides the hybrids aspects, there are the orality issue and a kind of writing based on journalism found on the author\'s short fictional prose. This kind of prose is like an omen of stylistic modernity of Brazilian prose, which would be established on XX century and forward. Although the research identified (even in a poor way) something that could unify the texts made by the author in literary genre that involves stylistic diversity and aesthetic hybridism, there are many issues to solve.

Esta dissertação pretende interpretar o romance Voyage au bout de la nuit, de Louis- Ferdinand Céline, partindo de suas tensões mais elementares, cuja irradiação conduz, entre idas e vindas, a uma ampliação gradual dos termos da discussão. Tomando como ponto de partida a situação narrativa do romance, ou seja, a relação indissolúvel entre narrador e linguagem presente na obra, procura-se tensionar os procedimentos literários desencavados por meio da análise com a tradição do gênero. Em seu aspecto mais amplo, este trabalho visa explorar o caráter bifronte do romance. Tal como a imagem de Janus, Voyage au bout de la nuit se volta, ao mesmo tempo, para o futuro e para o passado: aparece como o último representante de uma linhagem subterrânea de obras cuja origem remonta a Rabelais e como o inaugurador de uma forma romanesca bastante original, profundamente ancorada na realidade de seu tempo. / The aim of this dissertation is to interpret the novel Voyage au bout de la nuit, by Louis-Ferdinand Céline, starting from its most elementary tensions, whose irradiation leads, in its backward and forward movements, to a gradual enlargement of the terms of discussion. Taking the novels narrative situation as a starting point, that is to say, the indissoluble relation between narrator and language present in the text, well try to compare the literary procedures, uncovered by means of the analyses, with the tradition of the genre. Such as the image of Janus, Voyage au bout de la nuit turns, at the same time, to the future and the past: It appears as the last representative of an underground lineage of works, whose origins date from Rabelais, and as the founder of a very original novel form, deeply anchored in the reality of its time.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:58:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Helena da Silva Correa Pinho.pdf: 614154 bytes, checksum: dc0be8e50d1aadce67c980429dac3c3e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-04 / The specific objectives sought to demonstrate Drummond‟s skillfulness at moving between the various literary genres. In his work there is an intermingling of prose fiction, nature studies, literary criticism and essays, all in a poetic and metalinguistic dimension. We set out to identify and critically examine the aesthetic phenomena of intertextuality, the meta-language and elements of orality, characteristic of modern prose. As theoretical basis we resort to concepts of the poetic function of language of Roman Jakobson, the incorporation of mass media, the breakdown of genres, the merger between prose and poetry, problematized by Haroldo de Campos and Octavio Paz. However, we found that drummondiana chronic fulfills its function, as in reporting the facts of daily life, makes for a seemingly uncompromising light, but reveals an intense and thoughtful literary figure / Esta dissertação de Mestrado analisa a obra de Carlos Drummond de Andrade, em particular a crônica - um gênero em trânsito. Para análise do corpus, escolhemos as crônicas: Divagação sobre as ilhas , Carta aos nascidos em maio , do livro Passeios na ilha(1962); Lembra-se de maio, Caso de escolha e Caso de ceguinho , do livro Cadeira de Balanço(1966) e Surge o poeta da flor do livro Caminhos de João Brandão(1970). Como objetivos específicos procuramos demonstrar a maestria com que Drummond transita entre os diversos gêneros literários. Na sua obra há um entrelaçamento da prosa ficcional, estudos de natureza ensaística e critica literária, tudo numa dimensão poética e metalingüística. Propusemo-nos à identificação e exame critico dos fenômenos estéticos da intertextualidade, da metalinguagem e de elementos da oralidade, característicos da prosa moderna. Como embasamento teórico recorremos à conceitos da função poética da linguagem de Roman Jakobson, à incorporação do meios de comunicação de massa, à ruptura dos gêneros, à fusão entre a prosa e a poesia, problematizados por Haroldo de Campos e Otávio Paz. Contudo, observamos que a crônica drummondiana cumpre sua função, pois ao relatar os fatos do cotidiano, o faz de uma forma leve aparentemente descompromissada, mas que deixa transparecer uma personalidade literária intensa e reflexiva

Este trabalho objetiva percorrer a partir de El río sin orillas os núcleos irradiadores fundamentais da poética do escritor argentino Juan José Saer (1937-2005), procurando analisar a matéria comum e as especificidades entre a escrita do ensaio e a prosa ficcional do autor. Publicado originalmente em 1991, El río sin orillas indaga sobre a história, a literatura e o imaginário cultural da sociedade argentina a partir de sua relação com o Rio da Prata. Ao longo da leitura de El río sin orillas, propõe-se ainda promover um diálogo do texto com a tradição do ensaísmo hispano-americano e, mais precisamente, com uma tradição de textos que o próprio Saer põe em evidência ao valorizar o caráter inclassificável de algumas obras. A partir destes objetivos principais, foram selecionados temas e questões que permitem analisar em El río sín orillas o deslocamento em dupla mão entre a escrita ensaística e a ficcional, bem como a tênue linha de fronteira que persiste entre os dois campos discursivos: o problema dos gêneros literários e a tradição das obras inclassificáveis; o entre-lugar estrangeiro; a literatura pensada pelo autor como uma antropologia especulativa; a invenção do passado; a violência e a política; a criação da geografia singular da zona saeriana. / This thesis explores the fundamental irradiating nuclei of the poetics of the Argentine writer Juan José Saer (1937-2005) in the essay El río sin orillas, aiming to analyze the the common aspects and specificities between the essay writing and fictional prose of the author. Originally published in 1991, El río sin orillas probes the history, literature and cultural imagination of Argentinian society through their relation with the River Plate. Along our reading of El río sin orillas, we also propose to promote a dialogue with the Hispanic- American tradition of essay writing and, more precisely, with the tradition of writing that Saer himself reveals through his valorization of the unclassifiable character of certain texts. In addition to these main goals, some themes and issues that allow us to analyze the two-way traffic between the authors essays and fictional prose as well as the blurry boundary between these two discursive fields have been selected: the problem of literary genres and the tradition of unclassifiable works; the in between space of the foreigner; the notion of literature in Saer as speculative anthropology; the invention of the past; violence and politics; and the creation of a singular geography of Saerian zone.