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The Service Path Attribution Network (SPAN) framework provides a novel, user-centric, connectivity-based approach to ecosystem service assessment and valuation (ESAV). Ecosystem services are delivered to users through the simulated flow of some service medium (i.e., matter, energy, or information) from the ecosystems in which it originates (sources) to the people or assets which it affects (users). Along the way, the service medium may be absorbed by intervening landscape features (sinks) or captured by rival users. Crucially, the service medium is not itself an ecosystem service or benefit but rather an agnostic transport mechanism which establishes connectivity between sources, sinks, rival users, and nonrival users within a delimited study region. Each user then receives benefits or harm from the encountered service medium depending on their specific relationship with it. For example, if surface water is the simulated service medium, it may increase productivity at a hydropower plant but damage farmers in floodplains by drowning their crops. In the SPAN terminology, sources provide provisioning ecosystem services to users with a beneficial relationship with the service medium. Similarly, sinks provide preventive ecosystem services to users with a detrimental relationship with the service medium by reducing the amount flowing to their locations. Notably, within a single SPAN analysis, both sources and sinks may provide ecosystem services given a sufficiently heterogeneous pool of users. The results of a SPAN ESAV analysis are myriad, totalling up to 30 output maps for some services. Taken together, these maps tell the story of which sources provide services to which users, which sinks protect users from harm, which users compete for the same resources (and who wins), and how all of the sources, sinks, rival users, and nonrival users affect one another. Additionally, a SPAN simulation produces maps of the flow paths taken by the service medium from sources to users as well as where and by how much the flow strength is reduced by sinks. Studying these flow paths can help decision makers identify those locations at which management actions would be maximized or minimized depending on their specific development goals. A crowning achievement of this work is that for most ecosystem services the SPAN algorithm's complexity is guaranteed to be linear O(n) in both time and space with respect to the number of discrete locations analyzed. This makes it a viable option for high resolution landscape level ESAV studies using no more than commodity hardware. This dissertation explores the SPAN framework in depth, from its novel conceptual terminology and computational algorithms through to the intended interpretation of its results. In addition to describing the conceptual and mathematical components of this system in detail, this work also provides a complete Literate Program demonstrating the application of the SPAN framework to an assessment of the scenic beauty ecosystem service in Chittenden County, Vermont.

Nosso trabalho consiste em produzir uma edição crítica e investigar a história, modo de composição e transmissão da obra inédita Diccionario das Antiguidades de Portugal. Inicialmente, este trabalho se dedicou a uma cópia manuscrita do século XIX, depositada no Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro. A análise das referências bibliográficas de cada verbete e sistema de escrita nos convenceu de que a obra original teria sido composta no século XVIII. O estudo desta cópia levou-nos a encontrar o manuscrito original localizado na Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, sob a autoria de Pedro José da Fonseca (1737-1816), professor do Colégio dos Nobres, membro fundador e diretor da tipografia da Academia, fundada em 1779. Manoel José Maria da Costa e Sá, Oficial Maior da Secretaria dos Negócios da Marinha e Ultramar, é quem entendemos ser o autor da cópia manuscrita do IHGB, sua trajetória é muito desconhecida e pudemos aclará-la. Também tratamos da participação nessa história do Conselheiro Antônio Menezes Vasconcellos de Drummond, que trouxe para o IHGB a cópia feita pelo amigo Costa e Sá. Uma rede transatlântica envolvendo homens de letras em Portugal e no Brasil se torna clara através deste estudo, mostrando que o Diccionario das Antiguidades de Portugal é uma sólida janela através da qual podemos muito bem mirar a história da Cultura Escrita nos séculos XVIII e XIX. / Our work consists in the production of a critical edition and the investigation of the history, composition, and transmission of the unpublished Diccionario das Antiguidades de Portugal (Dictionary of Antiquities of Portugal). Initially, our work was focused on a single manuscript, a copy from the 19th century, deposited in the Brazilian Historical and Geographical Institute (IHGB). The analysis of the bibliographic references pertaining to each entry of the dictionary and the writing system convinced us that the original work was written in the 18th century. The study of this copy led us to find the original manuscript located in the Lisbon Academy of Sciences, under the authorship of Pedro José da Fonseca (1737-1816), who was professor at the College of Nobles, founding member and director of typography in the Academy, founded in 1779. Manoel José Maria da Costa e Sá, Higher Official at the Secretary for the Navy and Overseas Affairs, is the man who we understand to be the author of the manuscript copy belonging to the IHGB; his trajectory is quite unclear and we were able to shed some light upon it. We have also approached the participation in the story of Counselor Antônio Menezes Vasconcellos de Drummond; he brought to the IHGB the copy made by his friend Costa e Sá. A transatlantic network involving Portuguese and Brazilian men of letters becomes clear through this study, rendering it patent that the Diccionario das Antiguidades de Portugal is a steadfast window throughout which we can very well gaze upon the history of Literate Culture in the 18th and 19th centuries.

Nosso trabalho consiste em produzir uma edição crítica e investigar a história, modo de composição e transmissão da obra inédita Diccionario das Antiguidades de Portugal. Inicialmente, este trabalho se dedicou a uma cópia manuscrita do século XIX, depositada no Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro. A análise das referências bibliográficas de cada verbete e sistema de escrita nos convenceu de que a obra original teria sido composta no século XVIII. O estudo desta cópia levou-nos a encontrar o manuscrito original localizado na Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, sob a autoria de Pedro José da Fonseca (1737-1816), professor do Colégio dos Nobres, membro fundador e diretor da tipografia da Academia, fundada em 1779. Manoel José Maria da Costa e Sá, Oficial Maior da Secretaria dos Negócios da Marinha e Ultramar, é quem entendemos ser o autor da cópia manuscrita do IHGB, sua trajetória é muito desconhecida e pudemos aclará-la. Também tratamos da participação nessa história do Conselheiro Antônio Menezes Vasconcellos de Drummond, que trouxe para o IHGB a cópia feita pelo amigo Costa e Sá. Uma rede transatlântica envolvendo homens de letras em Portugal e no Brasil se torna clara através deste estudo, mostrando que o Diccionario das Antiguidades de Portugal é uma sólida janela através da qual podemos muito bem mirar a história da Cultura Escrita nos séculos XVIII e XIX. / Our work consists in the production of a critical edition and the investigation of the history, composition, and transmission of the unpublished Diccionario das Antiguidades de Portugal (Dictionary of Antiquities of Portugal). Initially, our work was focused on a single manuscript, a copy from the 19th century, deposited in the Brazilian Historical and Geographical Institute (IHGB). The analysis of the bibliographic references pertaining to each entry of the dictionary and the writing system convinced us that the original work was written in the 18th century. The study of this copy led us to find the original manuscript located in the Lisbon Academy of Sciences, under the authorship of Pedro José da Fonseca (1737-1816), who was professor at the College of Nobles, founding member and director of typography in the Academy, founded in 1779. Manoel José Maria da Costa e Sá, Higher Official at the Secretary for the Navy and Overseas Affairs, is the man who we understand to be the author of the manuscript copy belonging to the IHGB; his trajectory is quite unclear and we were able to shed some light upon it. We have also approached the participation in the story of Counselor Antônio Menezes Vasconcellos de Drummond; he brought to the IHGB the copy made by his friend Costa e Sá. A transatlantic network involving Portuguese and Brazilian men of letters becomes clear through this study, rendering it patent that the Diccionario das Antiguidades de Portugal is a steadfast window throughout which we can very well gaze upon the history of Literate Culture in the 18th and 19th centuries.

本研究之動機，起於發現參與圖書館閱讀活動頻率高的學童，其國語文能力會較頻率低的學童來得好，同時國語文能力好的學童在其他領域方面的學習都要比國語文能力差的學童有較好的表現。 然而，學校決策單位掌握了學校圖書館資源分配、管理和組織的實權，因此，學校行政單位對於圖書館經營、以及圖書館影響學童國語文能力的功效等看法，將會影響圖書館資源分配以及未來發展。如果學校行政單位認為圖書館的存在對於學童國語文能力表現不相關，則很容易犧牲圖書館應有的發展與利用。 因此，本研究之宗旨在於探討瞭解新北市的國小行政單位如何看待圖書館利用與推廣活動與學童國語文能力表現之關係，藉由問卷調查的方式，瞭解目前國小圖書館利用與學童國語文能力提昇之關聯性，從而探討如何透過圖書館利用教育與閱讀推廣活動相互結合，得以改善目前新北市國小圖書館經營的方式，以求獲得幫助學童提昇國語文能力表現之具體落實方案，進而提高學生國語文能力。 本研究所得之國小中、高年級的國語文檢測成績關聯性表格，從關聯性的有效意義值(Correlation significant)可以歸納出11個有影響力且具意義的具體落實方案，明顯可以提升國小中、高年級的國語文檢測成績： (1) 擴增國小圖書館平均館藏冊數； (2) 提升國小圖書館平均借閱人次； (3) 提升國小圖書館平均借閱冊數； (4) 教師應多重視學童「閱讀興趣」的培養； (5) 教師應多重視學童「閱讀動機」的培養； (6) 教師應多重視學童「閱讀意志」的培養； (7) 增加圖書館空間規劃:圖書館功能區的數目； (8) 增加圖書館開放服務時間:圖書館平日與假日開放時段的數目； (9) 學校應積極推展多元閱讀活動－例如:晨讀十分鐘、班級巡迴書箱、讀報教育、班級讀書會、親子共讀、愛的書庫、午間廣播劇、影片欣賞、戲劇展演等； (10) 圖書館應積極辦理宣傳行銷活動－例如:櫥窗展示定期更新、張貼學生自製書籍介紹海報、票選好書、選舉小小館長、圖書館命名票選 、館徽logo設計票選、好書交換、推廣4/23世界閱讀日、每年12月辦理「圖書館週」系列活動等； (11) 圖書館應多多結合社會資源辦理活動－例如:與作家有約講座、參觀公共圖書館 、與書商或出版社合作辦理書展。 / The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between library instruction and students’ literate ability. Students who are highly involved in library reading activity are believed to have better literate ability than other students. Meanwhile, students with high literate ability have better academic performance than students with low literate ability. Students should be encouraged to use library resources as much as possible. However, the school is in charge of the distribution, management, and organization of the library. How the school values the influence of the library on students’ literate ability would decide the amount of library recourses and its future development. Therefore, questionnaires were used to find out how the administrators of elementary schools at New Taipei City view the relationship between the use of the library and students’ literate ability. The results may help us to combine education with library activities, improve the management of the school libraries at New Taipei City, and provide some specific plans to promote students’ literate ability. The results of this study show a significant positive correlation between students’ use of library and their literate ability. Therefore, we provide 11 influential and meaningful suggestions, which can significantly promote the literate ability of elementary school students in their junior and senior years. 1. Increase the general collections of books 2. Increase users of school libraries 3. Increase the number of borrowed items 4. Teachers emphasize the development of students’ reading appetite 5. Teachers emphasize the development of students’ reading motivation 6. Teachers emphasize the development of students’ reading willingness 7. Better space arrangement: the number of library divisions 8. Increase library service hours: weekdays and holidays 9. Schools should actively encourage various reading activities, including ten-minute morning reading, in-class book fair, newspaper-reading education, class study group, book collection, noon broadcast drama, film watching, drama exhibitions, and so on. 10. Libraries should actively hold activities to promote library functions, for example, regularly renew window exhibitions, put up student-made posters, introduce good books, elect little library director, name the library, design library logo, exchange good books, promote World Book & Copyright Day, and so on. 11. Libraries should combine social resources to hold activities, such as invite famous writers, visit public libraries, hold book fairs with publishers, and so on.

SANTOS, Maurício Feitosa dos. Comemoração, pobreza e cultura letrada no centenário de Teresina (1952). 2014. 242f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em História, Fortaleza (CE), 2014. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-11-28T14:10:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_dis_mfsantos.pdf: 2788089 bytes, checksum: 165d5aa9bfab0e869b9e292d43119d2f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-11-28T16:44:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_dis_mfsantos.pdf: 2788089 bytes, checksum: 165d5aa9bfab0e869b9e292d43119d2f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-28T16:44:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_dis_mfsantos.pdf: 2788089 bytes, checksum: 165d5aa9bfab0e869b9e292d43119d2f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / This paper work intends to discuss the historical break in the speech about poverty in the city of Teresina in the beginning of the 1950’. This period, the city Centennial Anniversary, in 1952, mobilized politicians and intellectuals to think about the city. Mainly the press, to acknowledge the historical character of the Piauí State Capital pauperism was a highlighted aspect by the literate critic in the ephemeris moment. The speeches which permeated literate culture, delimiting the poverty historicity, were prudent regarding to the future. With the occurrence of the 1951-53 draught and the movement of flagellated all over the State and the Capital city, adding the beggars and urban poor population, converged with certain unanimity to interpret those times as a moment of evident crisis. The higher cost of living contributed bluntly to the understanding that the crisis was being aggravated day by day. By the investigation of press chronicles, Demographic Census, Municipal Chambers Minutes and Government Messages, it was possible to trace the general lines in the speech about the crisis and the poverty in the vision of literate. Throughout lawsuits, it was possible to prospect, in perspective, the day by day of common people in that period, seeking to understand the ideas and actions of poor people while claiming their rights. / Este trabalho pretende discutir a emergência histórica do discurso sobre a pobreza na cidade de Teresina no início dos anos 1950. Nesse período, a comemoração do Centenário da cidade, em 1952, mobilizou políticos e intelectuais a pensarem a cidade. Sobretudo na imprensa, o reconhecimento do caráter histórico do pauperismo da capital do Estado do Piauí foi um aspecto capitalizado pela crítica letrada no momento da efeméride. Os discursos que permearam a cultura letrada, ao delimitarem a historicidade da pobreza, foram prudentes quanto ao futuro. A ocorrência da seca de 1951-53 e a movimentação de flagelados por todo o Estado e na capital, somando-se aos mendigos e pobres urbanos, confluíram com certa unanimidade para interpretar aquele tempo como um momento de crise evidente. A elevação do custo de vida contribuiu de modo contundente para o entendimento de que a crise se agravava dia após dia. A partir da investigação de crônicas da imprensa, Censos Demográficos, Atas da Câmara Municipal e Mensagens de Governo, foi possível traçar as linhas gerais do discurso sobre a crise e a pobreza na visão dos letrados. Através de processos judiciais e da literatura, foi possível sondar, em perspectiva, o cotidiano e a vida de pessoas comuns naquele período, buscando compreender as ideias e ações dos pobres em busca de direitos que acreditavam possuir.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T15:08:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1138001 bytes, checksum: 8551beff090e267432cb7e57ea9a4fcf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-05 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study provides an exercise in analysis of official documents of the Literate Brazil Programme (2003-2010) and discusses the results of research, by means of assumptions of This History and technique of the focus group conducted with the teachers ' homes that operate in the program, identifying your requirements for performance and what the reality presented in Paraíba, with the purpose of responding to four research questions: 1-How the program Literate Brazil comes operationalising their pedagogical political proposal in the State of Paraíba? 2-What are its limits and possibilities to meet the objectives set out in official documents? 3-What kind of perception the ' homes have in relation to the actions of the program? 4-What are their contributions to adult literacy in Paraíba? Having aim General, describing the history of the deployment and operationalization of the Literate Brazil Programme in the State of Paraíba, noting its limits and possibilities of acting. From the analysis of documents and of the focal group, we found that in the operationalization of the PBA in Paraíba, there is a weakness in compliance with the necessary guidelines for its operation. The focal group interview revealed the limits of acting to the detriment of the inadequacy of monitoring, evaluation and learning materials, withdrawal of students, number of registered students exceeds the number of daily frequency, expressive number of alfabetizandos that are not absolute illiterates, detected in cognitive test results 2010 cycle input. Along the route investigative, noticed that one of the possibilities of the programme concerns the obligation of loved performers in forward literate learners for classes of EJA, aiming at continuity of schooling. / Este estudo realiza um exercício de análise dos documentos oficiais do Programa Brasil Alfabetizado (2003-2010) e discute os resultados de investigação, por meio dos pressupostos da História Presente e da técnica do Grupo Focal realizado com os alfabetizadores que atuam no Programa, identificando suas exigências para atuação e qual a realidade apresentada na Paraíba, com a finalidade de responder a quatro questões de pesquisa: 1-Como o Programa Brasil Alfabetizado vem operacionalizando a sua proposta político pedagógica no Estado da Paraíba? 2-Quais os seus limites e possibilidades para atender aos objetivos previstos nos documentos oficiais? 3- Que tipo de percepção os alfabetizadores têm em relação à atuação do Programa? 4-Quais as suas contribuições para alfabetização de pessoas adultas na Paraíba? Tendo como objetivo geral, descrever a história da implantação e operacionalização do Programa Brasil Alfabetizado no Estado da Paraíba, observando seus limites e possibilidades de atuação. A partir das análises dos documentos e do grupo focal, concluímos que na operacionalização do PBA na Paraíba, há uma fragilidade no cumprimento das orientações necessárias para o seu funcionamento. A entrevista do grupo focal revelou os limites de atuação em detrimento da insuficiência do acompanhamento, avaliação e de materiais didáticos, desistência de alunos, número de alunos cadastrados superior ao número de frequência diária, número expressivo de alfabetizandos que não são analfabetos absolutos, detectado nos resultados dos testes cognitivos de entrada do ciclo 2010. Ao longo do percurso investigativo, observamos que uma das possibilidades do Programa, diz respeito à obrigatoriedade dos entes executores em encaminhar os educandos alfabetizados para turmas da EJA, visando à continuidade da escolarização.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T15:08:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Arquivototal.pdf: 1371028 bytes, checksum: 2a18f3848ddc48fc8054a0cb273598f8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This report is based on both qualitative and quantitative data resulting from bibliographical, documental and fieldwork research carried out in fifteen municipalities in the 9th Microregion of the backlands (sertão) of the State of Paraiba. The research analyses the impact of the Literate Brazil Programme (PBA) on public policy for youth and adult education (YAE) in these municipalities. It seeks to understand what perspectives guide public policy of Youth and Adult education, characterizing its provision and linkages with the Literacy Programme with a view to guarantee continuity of studies for those concluding PBA. To that end, studies on PBA, documents which regulate literacy activities and the provision of YAE by the state and municipal systems, statistical data from the School Census (Censo Escolar) (the historical series 2003-2010) which register enrolments in this modality in the 15 municipalities, were consulted. Fieldwork was undertaken to collect information from local managers (municipal secretaries and coordinators of AYE) using semi-structured interviews. On the basis of our analysis, we conclude that the Literate Brazil Programme introduces possibilities for the planning, systematization and instrumentalization of municipal public policy. On the negative side, we point to the fact that the provision of literacy classes by PBA has inhibited the provision of adult literacy classes by the school networks (state and municipal) in the municipalities under study. With regard to the linkage between the demand produced by PBA and the provision of schooling by the state and municipal systems of education, we point to the absence of an effective educational policy formulated on the basis of the specificities of YAE as a modality of primary education. Our analysis is based on the following authors, amongst others: Arretche (2000), Arroyo (2005, 2007) Azevedo (2004), Carnoy (1994), Ireland (2009, 2012), Fávero (2011), Freire (1996, 2011), Machado (2009, 2011), Minayo (2005, 2009). / O presente trabalho compreende um estudo de natureza qualitativa e quantitativa, baseado em pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e de campo, realizada em quinze municípios da 9ª microrregião do sertão paraibano. O objeto da investigação é analisar o impacto do Programa Brasil Alfabetizado (PBA) para as políticas públicas da Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) nesses municípios. A pesquisa busca compreender quais as perspectivas que norteiam as políticas públicas para EJA caracterizando sua oferta e articulação com o PBA na perspectiva de garantir a continuidade para os egressos do referido Programa. Para tanto, buscaram-se estudos já empreendidos sobre o PBA, documentos que normatizam as ações de alfabetização e oferta da EJA pelas redes estadual e municipal, dados estatísticos tendo por base o Censo Escolar (série histórica de 2003 a 2010), evidenciando as matrículas desta modalidade nos quinze municípios. A pesquisa de campo objetivou coletar informações através de gestores locais (secretários e coordenadores municipais da EJA) por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas. A partir da análise constatou-se que o PBA vem apresentando possibilidades de planejamento, sistematização e instrumentalização para as políticas públicas municipais. Como aspecto negativo destacamos que a oferta das turmas de alfabetização pelo PBA vem inibindo a oferta da alfabetização na modalidade EJA pelas redes de ensino (municipal e estadual) dos municípios pesquisados. No tocante à articulação entre a demanda oriunda do PBA e a oferta de escolarização nas redes estadual e municipal de ensino, apontase a ausência de uma política educacional efetiva, formulada com base nas especificidades da EJA, enquanto modalidade do ensino fundamental. As análises estão fundamentadas, dentre outros, em autores como Arretche (2000), Arroyo (2005, 2007), Azevedo (2004), Carnoy (1994), Ireland (2009, 2012), Fávero (2011), Freire (1996, 2011), Machado (2009, 2011), Minayo (2005, 2009).