Abstract Eco-tourism gives consideration to both ecological conservation and recreation, aiming to protect resources by means of making tourists recognizing the importance of ecosystem."Houbihu Marine Conservation Area "in the National Kenting Park is established for the conservation of biological diversity from protecting sea urchins in 2003 to all marine organisms two years later. Recovery of marine resources encouraged the idea to develop eco-tourism in the area; not only to propagate the benefits from resources conservation by allowing tourists for near contacts to marine ecosystem and sharing the achievements of protection, but also to promote transformation of local fishers and to improve their economic conditions. This study explores the feasibility of this idea, by literature reviews, questionnaire survey and in-depth interview with the six groups of people: tourists, managers, enforcement officials, experts (including scholars), industries and non-government organization. Discussions on the results and recommendations were provided in the study. ¡ikeyword ¡jEco-tourism¡BBiologicaldiversity¡BHoubihuMarine¡Bliterature reviews¡Bquestionnaire survey¡Bin-depth interview

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180 students from the University of Canterbury were randomly assigned to reading and evaluating 4 counterbalanced abstracts under the cover story of a departmental journal submission procedure. This study tested whether the number of authors assigned to a journal submission is an influential factor on the acceptance rate of a submission regardless of the quality of the abstract. Also, it assessed whether the influence of a number of authors on the chance of acceptance interacts with the acceptance rate of the journal. In other words, the study investigated not only the extent to which number of authors influences acceptance regardless of quality, but how much of an influence this has for which kind of journals (in terms of the journal’s acceptance rate). The study also measured how much individual personality variables such as guilt-proneness and tendency to adhere to descriptive norms influences a reviewer’s willingness to accept a journal submission. Results found that number of authors had a significant effect on evaluation. Possible reasons and study limitations were discussed.

Systematic Literature Reviews (SLR) are a powerful research tool to identify and select literature to answer a certain question. However, an approach to extract inherent analytical data in Systematic Literature Reviews’ multi-dimensional datasets was lacking. Previous Systematic Literature Review tools do not incorporate the capability of providing said analytical insight. Therefore, this thesis aims to provide a useful approach comprehending various algorithms and data treatment techniques to provide the user with analytical insight on their data that is not evident in the bare execution of a Systematic Literature Review. For this goal, a literature review has been conducted to find the most relevant techniques to extract data from multi-dimensional data sets and the aforementioned approach has been tested on a survey regarding Self-Adaptive Systems (SAS) using a web-application. As a result, we find out what are the most adequate techniques to incorporate into the approach this thesis will provide.

Orientador: Sylvia Bueno Terzi / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T13:39:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_ElianeFeitoza_M.pdf: 4065712 bytes, checksum: 5e028d7f40b4f3c84d5e670e61e1a120 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Este trabalho analisa os conflitos que emergem da escrita de resenha crítica por parte de alunos calouros, quando precisam produzir o gênero com base em concepções e orientações de letramento divergentes. A identificação, a compreensão e a análise dos conflitos dão-se a partir das postulações teóricas dos Novos Estudos do Letramento (STREET, 1984; GEE, 1996; LEA E STREET, 1998; LILLIS, 1999, entre outros) e de estudos que visam o ensino ou a análise de gêneros acadêmicos (MATENCIO, 2002; MACHADO, LOUSADA, ABREU-TARDELLI, 2004A; 2004B, entre outros). Nessa perspectiva, considera-se que o letramento acadêmico difere do letramento de outras esferas, visto apresentar formas particulares de ser, pensar, agir, ler e escrever que são próprias deste domínio - de modo que o aluno, a fim de adquirir fluência no Discurso Acadêmico, deve acessá-las, com o auxílio dos professores, sem, no entanto, abrir mão de sua história prévia de letramento e de Discursos aos quais teve acesso antes de ingressar na universidade. No entanto, esse acesso não se dá sem conflitos, tendo em vista que a história e os Discursos refletem em suas produções escritas e entram em conflito com os Discursos dos professores, uma vez que estes não consideram a condição letrada dos alunos que ingressam na universidade. Sendo assim, o presente estudo caracteriza-se como uma pesquisa qualitativa de cunho etnográfico. Este tipo de pesquisa configura-se como um instrumental de coleta e análise de dados que permite estabelecer relações entre as histórias de letramento dos sujeitos de pesquisa, suas práticas letradas, práticas da esfera acadêmica e os conflitos que emergem dessas práticas. O trabalho foi realizado em uma universidade particular da cidade de São Paulo, na sala de aula do primeiro semestre do curso de Letras, tendo como sujeitos focais três alunas e dois professores que ministram aulas nesta turma. Com base nos dados analisados - obtidos através dos textos redigidos pelas alunas, de entrevistas com elas e de gravações das aulas dos professores - foi possível identificar que os conflitos que emergem da produção de resenha por parte dos alunos têm a ver com suas histórias de letramento, com os Discursos que trazem para a universidade acerca do gênero, com os Discursos que precisam aprender para interagir em um novo espaço de socialização e com os modelos e as práticas, mais precisamente com a prática do mistério, que os professores adotam, mesmo que de forma inconsciente, para ensinar o gênero resenha crítica / Abstract: This work analyzes the conflicts emerging from the critical review on the part of freshpeople when they need to produce such genre based upon diverging conceptions and directions on literacy. Conflict identification, understanding, and analysis occur from theoretical postulations on the New Literacy Studies (Street, 1984; Gee, 1996; Lea and Street, 1998; Lillis, 1999, among others) and from studies seeking academic genres teaching or analysis (Matencio, 2002; Machado, Lousada, Abreu-Tardelli, 2004a; 2004b, among others). In this perspective, academic literacy is considered to differ from literacy in other spheres, for it presents particular forms of being, thinking, acting, reading, and writing which are proper from this dominion - in such a way that the student - aiming to acquire fluency in the Academic Discourse - must access them aided by professors, but without giving up his/her previous literacy and Discourse history which he/she had access to before entering the University. Nonetheless, this access does not take place away form conflicts since history and Discourses reflect on their written productions and get into a conflict with their Professors? Discourses, for the latter do not consider the condition of literacy of students entering the University. The present study is therefore characterized as a qualitative research of ethnographic nature. This type of research is portrayed as a data-collecting-and-analyzing instrument allowing the establishment of relationship between the literacy history of the subjects of the research, their literate practices, practices on the academic sphere, and the conflicts emerging from such practices. The work was carried out at a private university in the city of São Paulo, in the classroom of the first semester of the Letras (Languages/Literature) Course, having, as its focal subjects, three female students and two professors teaching in this same class. Based on the data which were analyzed - which were obtained through texts composed and written by the students, interviews with them, and recordings of the professors? classes - it was possible to identify that the conflicts emerging from the students? digest-writing have to do with their literacy history, with the Discourses they need to learn in order to Interact in a new socializing space, and with the patterns and practices, more precisely with mystery practice, adopted by the professors - even if unconsciously - to teach the critical review / Mestrado / Lingua Materna / Mestre em Linguística Aplicada

Defect prevention (DP) in early stages of software development life cycle (SDLC) is very cost effective than in later stages. The requirements elicitation and analysis & negotiation (E and A&N) phases in requirements engineering (RE) process are very critical and are major source of requirements defects. A poor E and A&N process may lead to a software requirements specifications (SRS) full of defects like missing, ambiguous, inconsistent, misunderstood, and incomplete requirements. If these defects are identified and fixed in later stages of SDLC then they could cause major rework by spending extra cost and effort. Organizations are spending about half of their total project budget on avoidable rework and majority of defects originate from RE activities. This study is an attempt to prevent requirements level defects from penetrates into later stages of SDLC. For this purpose empirical and literature studies are presented in this thesis. The empirical study is carried out with the help of six companies from Pakistan & Sweden by conducting interviews and literature study is done by using literature reviews. This study explores the most common requirements defect types, their reasons, severity level of defects (i.e. major or minor), DP techniques (DPTs) & methods, defect identification techniques that have been using in software development industry and problems in these DPTs. This study also describes possible major differences between Swedish and Pakistani software companies in terms of defect types and rate of defects originating from E and A&N phases. On the bases of study results, some solutions have been proposed to prevent requirements defects during the RE process. In this way we can minimize defects originating from E and A&N phases of RE in the bespoke requirements engineering (BESRE).

Given the importance of the ability to read, learners must have access to books in schools. The lack of functional school libraries in South Africa, especially in primary schools, is to the detriment of learners’ reading achievement. In the 2011 Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) study, Grades 4 and 5 children achieved the lowest scores in the reading comprehension tests of the 40 participating countries. The researcher proposes that one intervention that would help solve the low levels of reading literacy among learners would be for schools to have an official school library policy, and to have functional well-stocked school libraries. This study seeks to identify the self-reported reading attitudes of learners who took part in the PIRLS 2011 study using a secondary data analysis, and to investigate by means of a systematic literature review, materials published between 1994 and 2017 on the non-implementation of school library policies. This study recommends speeding up progress in meeting minimum norms for school infrastructure in order to create a space for functional school libraries in all schools. Secondly, it suggests that access to books for primary school learners should be improved, and lastly, that the national guidelines for school libraries on planning and reforming school libraries should be finalised and implemented. Key / Information Science / M. Inf. (Information Science)