Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-10T11:09:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-02-28Bitstream added on 2014-11-10T11:58:06Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000783719.pdf: 1376907 bytes, checksum: 1c48628b623e5f890b5e37441185a7e5 (MD5) / O carcinoma hepatocelular (CHC) é o quinto mais frequente na população humana comum e o terceiro em mortalidade no mundo, evidenciando a necessidade de modelos biológicos para avaliação de fatores de risco, prevenção e tratamento desta malignidade. Existem vários modelos experimentais para o estudo da hepatocarcinogênese que utilizam substâncias químicas como a dietinitrosamina (DEN), agente iniciador da carcinogênese, e o tetracloreto de carbono (CCl4), agente promotor. Vários tipos celulares têm a capacidade de sintetizar/metabolizar e/ou serem estimuladas pela vitamina D (VD), incluindo as células hepáticas. Com isso, existe interesse em associar a deficiência de VD ao desenvolvimento de doenças hepáticas, incluindo o CHC. Desta forma, o presente estudo foi conduzido para avaliar o efeito da suplementação com VD3 (VD circulante) sobre o desenvolvimento de lesões pré-neoplásicas (LPN) induzidas no modelo DEN/CCl4 em ratos Wistar. Os animais foram randomicamente alocados em seis grupos experimentais (n=15/grupo): G1: animais não tratados, G2: animais iniciados com dose única intraperitoneal (i.p.) de 200 mg/kg de DEN e aplicações intragástricas (i.g.) semanais de 1,0 ml/kg de CCl4 até o final da 18ª semana do experimento; G3 a G6: os animais foram submetidos ao protocolo DEN/CCl4 e receberam em dias alternados doses i.g. de 250, 500, 1000 e 1500 μg/kg de VD3, respectivamente, durante dezesseis semanas. No final da 18ª semana do experimento, os animais foram eutanaziados e o sangue (dosagens séricas de AST e 25OHD) e fígado (detecção de LPN glutationa S-transferase positivas (GST-P+), hepatócitos Ki-67 positivos e expressão protéica do receptor da VD (VDR)) foram analisados. Os grupos que receberam as doses de 1000 e 1500 μg/kg de VD3 apresentaram menor evolução de peso corpóreo e ingestão de ração (p< 0,001) e maiores valores de peso hepático relativo e de níveis séricos ... / Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most frequent cancer worldwide, ranking third among all cancer-related mortalities in the world, indicating the importance to development of bioassays for evaluation of risk factors, prevention and treatment this malignancy. There are several animal models for the study of hepatocarcinogenesis using chemicals such as diethylnitrosamine (DEN), as an initiator for carcinogenesis, and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) as a promoting agent. Various cell types have the capacity to synthesize/metabolize and/or it are stimulated by vitamin D (VD), including hepatocytes. Thus, there is a crescent evidence for relationship between VD deficiency and the development of liver disease, including HCC. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the beneficial effect of VD3 supplementation on development of preneoplastic lesions (PNL) in the DEN/CCl4 model. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups (15 animals each). G1: untreated control group; G2-G6: groups received a single i.p. dose of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and weekly intragastric administrations (i.g.) of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4); G3-G6: groups were submitted to DEN/CCl4 protocol and received VD3 supplementation at doses of 250, 500, 1000 and 1500 μg/kg, i.g., respectively, on alternate days for 16 weeks. At the end of week 18, the animals were euthanized and blood (AST and VD3 serum levels analysis) and liver (placental glutathione S-trasferase (GST-P)-positive PNL, KI-67 cell proliferation and vitamin D receptor (VDR) analysis) samples were collected. Groups receiving 1000 and 1500 μg/kg vitamin D3 presented significantly lower mean body weight evolution and food intake (p <0,001) but a increase (p <0,001, p < 0,001) in relative liver weight and VD3 serum levels in relation to groups G1 and G2. The total number of GST-P-positive LPN per area (mm2) did not differ between the DEN-initiated groups, but the ...

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-02-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:10:25Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 aguiaresilva_ma_me_botib.pdf: 531547 bytes, checksum: 1647855ce34eb7395b501439a624d501 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A atividade física mostra-se eficiente na melhoria da qualidade de vida de pacientes obesos e/ou com câncer, e tem mostrado efeitos benéficos contra a carcinogênese de cólon e mama em modelos de roedores. Desta forma, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito benéfico do treinamento aeróbico sobre a etapa de promoção da hepatocarcinogênese química em ratos Wistar alimentados ou não com dieta hiperlipídica. Os animais receberam dose única i.p. de 200 mg/kg de dietilnitrosamina no início do experimento para iniciação da hepatocarcinogênese. Duas semanas depois, os animais receberam quatro doses orais de 200 mg/Kg de 2-acetilaminofluoreno (2-AAF) e mais duas doses de 75 mg/kg de 2-AAF, dois e quatro dias após hepatectomia parcial de 70%. Na sexta semana do experimento, os animais receberam dieta padrão (DP, Grupos 1 e 2) ou dieta hiperlipídica (HP, Grupos 3 e 4) até o final da 22a semana do experimento. Os animais dos Grupos 2 e 4 foram submetidos a cinco seções semanais de natação (treinados) da 14a a 22a semana do experimento. Ao final da 22a semana, os animais foram eutanasiados e amostras de fígado foram coletadas para análise (histológica, imunoistoquímica, bioquímica e molecular). Ao final do período experimental, os valores médios do peso corporal dos grupos submetidos ao treinamento de natação foram inferiores aos respectivos grupos não treinados alimentados com dieta basal ou hiperlipídica, embora sem diferença significativa. O grupo que recebeu dieta hiperlipídica (G3) apresentou maior teor de gordura corpórea e de colesterol total, mas com redução significativa no grupo treinado (p <0,05). A concentração de hidroperóxido lipídico não diferiu entre os grupos não treinados e alimentados com dieta basal ou hiperlipídica. No entanto, uma redução significativa (p <0,05) nos... / Laboratory studies have shown that moderate aerobic exercise inhibit colon and mammary carcinogenesis in rodent bioassays, but no repots exists on their protective action in liver carcinogenesis. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of swimming training on the promotion/progression stages of rat liver carcinogenesis. Male Wistar rats were submitted to chemically-induced liver carcinogenesis and allocated into four major groups according their dietary regimen (16-week) and training 5 days/week (8-week): two groups were fed a basal diet (BD) and trained or not and two groups were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and trained or not. At week 20, the animals were killed and liver samples were processed to histological analyses, immunohistochemical detection of persistent or remodeling preneoplastic lesions (pPNL and rPNL) expressing placental glutathione S-transferase (GST-P) enzyme, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cleaved caspase-3 and bcl-2 protein levels by western blotting or malonaldehyde (MDA) detection by HPLC. Overall analysis indicated that swimming training reduced the body weight and fat body in both BS and HFD groups, normalized total cholesterol levels in the HFD group and decreased the MDA levels and number of GST-P-positive pPNL and adenomas in BD group. Also, a favorable balance in PCNA, cleaved caspase-3 and bcl-2 levels was detected in the liver from BDtrained group in relation to BD-untrained group. The findings this study indicated that a moderate aerobic exercise protocol may attenuate liver carcinogenesis... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Luís Fernando Barbisan / Banca: Noeme Souza Rocha / Banca: Luis Antônio Justulin Junior / Resumo: A atividade física mostra-se eficiente na melhoria da qualidade de vida de pacientes obesos e/ou com câncer, e tem mostrado efeitos benéficos contra a carcinogênese de cólon e mama em modelos de roedores. Desta forma, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito benéfico do treinamento aeróbico sobre a etapa de promoção da hepatocarcinogênese química em ratos Wistar alimentados ou não com dieta hiperlipídica. Os animais receberam dose única i.p. de 200 mg/kg de dietilnitrosamina no início do experimento para iniciação da hepatocarcinogênese. Duas semanas depois, os animais receberam quatro doses orais de 200 mg/Kg de 2-acetilaminofluoreno (2-AAF) e mais duas doses de 75 mg/kg de 2-AAF, dois e quatro dias após hepatectomia parcial de 70%. Na sexta semana do experimento, os animais receberam dieta padrão (DP, Grupos 1 e 2) ou dieta hiperlipídica (HP, Grupos 3 e 4) até o final da 22a semana do experimento. Os animais dos Grupos 2 e 4 foram submetidos a cinco seções semanais de natação (treinados) da 14a a 22a semana do experimento. Ao final da 22a semana, os animais foram eutanasiados e amostras de fígado foram coletadas para análise (histológica, imunoistoquímica, bioquímica e molecular). Ao final do período experimental, os valores médios do peso corporal dos grupos submetidos ao treinamento de natação foram inferiores aos respectivos grupos não treinados alimentados com dieta basal ou hiperlipídica, embora sem diferença significativa. O grupo que recebeu dieta hiperlipídica (G3) apresentou maior teor de gordura corpórea e de colesterol total, mas com redução significativa no grupo treinado (p <0,05). A concentração de hidroperóxido lipídico não diferiu entre os grupos não treinados e alimentados com dieta basal ou hiperlipídica. No entanto, uma redução significativa (p <0,05) nos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Laboratory studies have shown that moderate aerobic exercise inhibit colon and mammary carcinogenesis in rodent bioassays, but no repots exists on their protective action in liver carcinogenesis. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of swimming training on the promotion/progression stages of rat liver carcinogenesis. Male Wistar rats were submitted to chemically-induced liver carcinogenesis and allocated into four major groups according their dietary regimen (16-week) and training 5 days/week (8-week): two groups were fed a basal diet (BD) and trained or not and two groups were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and trained or not. At week 20, the animals were killed and liver samples were processed to histological analyses, immunohistochemical detection of persistent or remodeling preneoplastic lesions (pPNL and rPNL) expressing placental glutathione S-transferase (GST-P) enzyme, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cleaved caspase-3 and bcl-2 protein levels by western blotting or malonaldehyde (MDA) detection by HPLC. Overall analysis indicated that swimming training reduced the body weight and fat body in both BS and HFD groups, normalized total cholesterol levels in the HFD group and decreased the MDA levels and number of GST-P-positive pPNL and adenomas in BD group. Also, a favorable balance in PCNA, cleaved caspase-3 and bcl-2 levels was detected in the liver from BDtrained group in relation to BD-untrained group. The findings this study indicated that a moderate aerobic exercise protocol may attenuate liver carcinogenesis... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Orientador: Luís Fernando Barbisan / Banca: Daniel Araki Ribeiro / Banca: Luiza Cristina Godim Domingues Dias / Resumo: O carcinoma hepatocelular (CHC) é o quinto mais frequente na população humana comum e o terceiro em mortalidade no mundo, evidenciando a necessidade de modelos biológicos para avaliação de fatores de risco, prevenção e tratamento desta malignidade. Existem vários modelos experimentais para o estudo da hepatocarcinogênese que utilizam substâncias químicas como a dietinitrosamina (DEN), agente iniciador da carcinogênese, e o tetracloreto de carbono (CCl4), agente promotor. Vários tipos celulares têm a capacidade de sintetizar/metabolizar e/ou serem estimuladas pela vitamina D (VD), incluindo as células hepáticas. Com isso, existe interesse em associar a deficiência de VD ao desenvolvimento de doenças hepáticas, incluindo o CHC. Desta forma, o presente estudo foi conduzido para avaliar o efeito da suplementação com VD3 (VD circulante) sobre o desenvolvimento de lesões pré-neoplásicas (LPN) induzidas no modelo DEN/CCl4 em ratos Wistar. Os animais foram randomicamente alocados em seis grupos experimentais (n=15/grupo): G1: animais não tratados, G2: animais iniciados com dose única intraperitoneal (i.p.) de 200 mg/kg de DEN e aplicações intragástricas (i.g.) semanais de 1,0 ml/kg de CCl4 até o final da 18ª semana do experimento; G3 a G6: os animais foram submetidos ao protocolo DEN/CCl4 e receberam em dias alternados doses i.g. de 250, 500, 1000 e 1500 μg/kg de VD3, respectivamente, durante dezesseis semanas. No final da 18ª semana do experimento, os animais foram eutanaziados e o sangue (dosagens séricas de AST e 25OHD) e fígado (detecção de LPN glutationa S-transferase positivas (GST-P+), hepatócitos Ki-67 positivos e expressão protéica do receptor da VD (VDR)) foram analisados. Os grupos que receberam as doses de 1000 e 1500 μg/kg de VD3 apresentaram menor evolução de peso corpóreo e ingestão de ração (p< 0,001) e maiores valores de peso hepático relativo e de níveis séricos ... / Abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most frequent cancer worldwide, ranking third among all cancer-related mortalities in the world, indicating the importance to development of bioassays for evaluation of risk factors, prevention and treatment this malignancy. There are several animal models for the study of hepatocarcinogenesis using chemicals such as diethylnitrosamine (DEN), as an initiator for carcinogenesis, and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) as a promoting agent. Various cell types have the capacity to synthesize/metabolize and/or it are stimulated by vitamin D (VD), including hepatocytes. Thus, there is a crescent evidence for relationship between VD deficiency and the development of liver disease, including HCC. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the beneficial effect of VD3 supplementation on development of preneoplastic lesions (PNL) in the DEN/CCl4 model. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups (15 animals each). G1: untreated control group; G2-G6: groups received a single i.p. dose of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and weekly intragastric administrations (i.g.) of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4); G3-G6: groups were submitted to DEN/CCl4 protocol and received VD3 supplementation at doses of 250, 500, 1000 and 1500 μg/kg, i.g., respectively, on alternate days for 16 weeks. At the end of week 18, the animals were euthanized and blood (AST and VD3 serum levels analysis) and liver (placental glutathione S-trasferase (GST-P)-positive PNL, KI-67 cell proliferation and vitamin D receptor (VDR) analysis) samples were collected. Groups receiving 1000 and 1500 μg/kg vitamin D3 presented significantly lower mean body weight evolution and food intake (p <0,001) but a increase (p <0,001, p < 0,001) in relative liver weight and VD3 serum levels in relation to groups G1 and G2. The total number of GST-P-positive LPN per area (mm2) did not differ between the DEN-initiated groups, but the ... / Mestre

Orientadores: Sergio Luis Felisbino, Luis Fernando Barbisan / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T07:33:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pires_PauloWagner_M.pdf: 1285792 bytes, checksum: 779a7152ec83e03f0f0320e646f206bf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: O carcinoma hepatocelular (HCC) é a quinta neoplasia humana mais freqüente no mundo e o abuso crônico do álcool é um conhecido fator de risco, embora uma direta correlação entre o consumo de etanol e o desenvolvimento do HCC permaneça incerta. O presente estudo foi delineado para avaliar os efeitos promotores diferenciais da ingestão crônica de etanol sobre a remodelação e persistência de lesões pré-neoplásicas (LPN) positivas para a forma placentária da glutationa S-transferase (GST-P) e para o fator de crescimento e transformação-alfa (TGF-a) no modelo de hepatocarcinogênese do hepatócito resistente. Noventa e quatro ratos Wistar machos com seis semanas de idade foram aleatoreamente distribuídos em cinco grupos experimentais: grupo G1, controle não-tratado com água e ração basal de livre acesso; G2, não tratado, ração equivalente ao consumo do grupo G3, e maltodextrina dissolvida em água (calorias equivalentes às fornecidas pelo etanol); G3, tratado com etanol a 5% (v/v) na água e ração basal de livre acesso; G4, dietilnitrosamina (DEN, 200 mg/kg de peso corpóreo) e 2-acetilaminofluoreno (2AAF) 200 ppm por três semanas, com ração basal equivalente ao consumo do grupo G5 e maltodextrina dissolvida na água; G5, DEN/2-AAF mais etanol 5% (v/v) e ração basal de livre acesso. Todos os animais foram submetidos à hepatectomia parcial de 70% na 3ª semana e eutanasiados na 12ª e 22ª semanas. Amostras de fígado foram coletadas e processadas histologicamente para detecção de lesões pré-neoplásicas e neoplásicas e contagem de hepatócitos em apoptose em cortes corados por hematoxilina/eosina, análise imunocitoquímica para antígeno nuclear de proliferação celular ¿ PCNA, GST-P e TGF-a e para análise bioquímica de zimografia (atividade de gelatinases). Ao final do tratamento com o etanol, observou-se aumento da porcentagem da área hepática ocupada por LPN GST-P positivas do tipo persistente (P < 0,001), do número de LPN TGF-a-positivas (P< 0,001) e do número e multiplicidade de tumores hepáticos (P < 0.001) em G5, quando comparado com G4. Além disso, observou-se um aumento do índice de proliferação pelo PCNA (fase-S), mas sem alteração nos índices de apoptose, em ambas LPN em remodelação ou persistente em G5 em relação ao grupo G4 ao final da 22ª semana (P <0,001), quando comparado com G4. A atividade de gelatinases (metaloproteinases ¿2 e ¿9) no fígado não foi alterada pelo tratamento com etanol. Os resultados sugerem que a ingestão crônica de etanol promove o crescimento seletivo de LPN GST-P positivas do tipo persistente, especialmente, com associada à co-expressão de TGF-a, sem mudanças na atividades das gelatinases / Abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most frequent cancer in the world and chronic ethanol abuse is a known risk factor, although a direct correlation between ethanol consumption and development of HCC remains uncertain. The present study was designed to evaluate the differential promoting effects of a long-term ethanol intake on remodeling/persistence of gluthatione S-transferase placental form (GST-P) and transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-a) positive preneoplastic lesions (PNL) using the resistant hepatocyte model. Six-week old male Wistar rats were randomly alocated into 5 experimental groups: G1 group, non-treated and water and chow food ad libitum; G2 group, non-treated and pair-fed chow food (restricted to match that of G2 group) and a maltodextrin solution in tap water (matched ethanol-derived calories); G3 group, drinking ethanol 5% ethanol (v/v) and solid food ad libitum;; G4 group, diethylnitrosamine (DEN, 200 mg/kg body weight) plus 200 ppm of 2-acetylaminofluorene (2AAF) for 3 weeks and pair-fed chow food (restricted to match that of G5 group) and a MD solution in tap water (matched ethanol-derived calories); G5 group, DEN/2-AAF treatments plus ethanol 5% (v/v) in tap water and chow food ad libitum. All animals were subjected to 70% partial hepatectomy at week 3 and killed at weeks 12 and 22. Liver samples were collected for histology (preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions and apoptosis detection) and immunohistochemistry (proliferating cell nuclear antigen ¿PCNA, GST-P and TGF-a) and gelatin zymography (metalloproteinases ¿2 and ¿9, also known as gelatinases, activities). At the end of ethanol treatment, there was an increase in percent of liver area occupied by persistent GST-P-positive PNL (P < 0.001), number of TGF-a-positive PNL (P< 0.001) and in number per group and multiplicity of liver tumors (P < 0.001) in DEN/2-AAF-ethanol group (G5) when compared to respective control group (G4 ¿ DEN/2-AAF). In addition, an increase in PCNA labeling indexes (S-phase), but not in the apoptosis rates, in both remodeling and persistent PNL was observed in DEN/2-AAF-ethanol group (G5) at 22 week (P <0.001), when compared to DEN/2-AAF group (G4). Liver gelatinases activities were not altered by ethanol treatment. The results suggest that chronic ethanol. Group(G) at 22 week(P<0.001), when compared to DEN/2-AAF group(G4).Liver gelatinases activities were not altered by ethanol treatment. The results suggest that Chronic ethanol intake promotes a selective growth of persistent GST-P positive PNL, specially, with co-expression of TGF- a, without changes in gelatinases activities / Mestrado / Biologia Celular / Mestre em Biologia Celular e Estrutural

Orientadores: Ilka de Fátima Santna Ferreira Boin, Cecilia Amélia Fazzio Escanhoela / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T02:58:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ataide_ElaineCristinade_D.pdf: 2429864 bytes, checksum: ec486a6adc404d0751bb752ea469797b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Introdução: Apesar de sobrevida ao redor de 70% em cinco anos a recidiva do CHC vem suscitando cuidados com índices que variam na literatura entre 6% a 26%. Muitos são os fatores atrelados ao maior risco de recidiva descritos na literatura, sem definição de qual o melhor método que poderia predizer esse evento de alta letalidade. Objetivo: Os objetivos desse estudo foram: avaliar a sobrevida e recidiva tumoral em pacientes submetidos a transplante hepático por CHC e investigar a imunoexpressão dos marcadores imunohistoquimicos: HSP70, Glipican3, Glutamina sintetase, beta-catenina, CK7, Ck19, HepPar1 e PCNA, estudando sua associação com características tumorais e prognóstico de pacientes submetidos a transplante hepático por CHC. Método: Foram estudados 90 pacientes portadores de CHC submetidos a transplante hepático de 1996 a 2010. Foram estudados fatores correlacionados ao aparecimento da recidiva neoplásica como: tamanho da maior lesão, número de lesões, grau histológico, presença de invasão vascular, nível de alfa-feto proteína (AFP) superior a 200 ng/ml e regime de imunossupressão. Foi estudada também a correlação da expressão dos marcadores imunohistoquimicos estudados com cada uma dessas mesmas variáveis. A técnica de estudo imunohistoquimico foi o arranjo em matriz tecidual (TMA). A análise estatística utilizou testes de regressão uni e multivariadas, teste de Cox, teste de Qui-quadrado ou Fisher, teste de Mann-Whitney e para estudo de sobrevida foi utilizado o método de Kaplan Meyer. Resultados: Foi observada recidiva em 7 pacientes (8%).O tempo de cirurgia, quantidade de concentrados de hemácias administrados, valor do MELD calculado no momento da cirurgia e a presença de recidiva foram associados à menor sobrevida. Pacientes com recidiva tumoral apresentaram tendência à presença de invasão vascular, apresentaram maior número de nódulos e maiores nódulos. Em relação aos marcadores imunohistoquimicos pacientes com glutamina sintetase positiva apresentaram tendência à menor sobrevida; e a presença de HepaPar1 negativo apresentou correlação com o aparecimento de recidiva neoplásica. Pacientes com HSP70 positivo apresentaram maior prevalência do grau histológico III. Pacientes com Glipican3 positivo apresentaram nódulos maiores e presença de mais casos com AFP superior a 200 ng/ml. Pacientes com PCNA positivo apresentaram nódulos maiores. Pacientes com HepPar1 negativo apresentaram nódulos maiores e tendência a apresentar mais nódulos. Pacientes com beta-catenina positiva apresentaram maiores nódulos e presença de maior número de pacientes com grau histológico III. Pacientes com CK19 positivo demonstraram tendência a apresentar nódulos maiores (p=0.05). A associação entre beta-catenina e Glipican3 positivos demonstrou correlação com a presença de nódulos maiores com maior evidência estatística do que quando avaliados separadamente (p=0,003). Conclusão: Não foi possível a associação de nenhum desses marcadores com a sobrevida exceto pela presença de glutamina sintetase positiva que apresentou tendência à associação com piora da sobrevida. A imunoexpressão desses marcadores não se correlacionou com o tempo de aparecimento de recorrência tumoral, com exceção da do HepPar1, o qual, quando negativo, correlacionou-se com maior frequência de aparecimento de recidiva. Entretanto, a maioria dos marcadores estudados apresentaram correlação com pelo menos uma das variáveis em estudo, confirmando nossa hipótese de que esses marcadores podem, sim, auxiliar na avaliação do prognóstico de pacientes submetidos a transplante hepático por CHC / Abstract: Introduction: Although overall survival rates have been around 70% after five years, recurrence of HCC has indices in literature ranging from 6 to 26%. There is no consensus therapy for treatment of HCC recurrence after liver transplantation that could lead to a significant increase in survival. Many factors are linked to higher risk of recurrence in the literature, without defining the best method that could predict this highly lethal event. Objective: The aim of this study was first to evaluate the survival and tumor recurrence in patients undergoing liver transplantation for HCC and second to evaluate immunoexpression of immunohistochemical markers: HSP70, Glipican3, Glutamin synthetase, Beta-Catenin, CK7, Ck19, HepPar1 and PCNA, which are capable of assessing the malignant cellular potential, studying its association with tumor characteristics and prognosis of patients undergoing liver transplantation for HCC. Methods: We studied 90 patients who underwent liver transplantation from 1996 to 2010. We evaluated factors related to survival and tumor recurrence. Factors were also studied related to the onset of neoplastic recurrence as size of the largest lesion, number of lesions, histological grade, presence of vascular invasion, AFP level greater than 200 ng / ml and the immunosuppressive regimen. The correlation of expression of immunohistochemical markers studied was correlated with each of these variables. The immunohistochemistry technique was the tissue matrix arrangement (TMA) and the statistical analysis used was regression testing univariate and multivariate, Cox test, chi-square or Fisher test and Mann-Whitney test, while for study of survival the Kaplan Meyer curve was used. Results: The duration of surgery and recurrence was associated with shorter survival. Patients with tumor recurrence tended to have the presence of vascular invasion, showing a higher number of nodules and larger nodules. Regarding the presence of immunohistochemical markers glutamin synthetase showed a positive trend toward lower survival, and presence of HepPar1 negative correlated with the appearance of neoplastic recurrence. HSP70 positive patients had higher prevalence of histologic grade III. Patients with positive Glipican3 showed larger lesions and more patients had AFP greater than 200 ng / ml. PCNA positive patients had bigger lesions. HepPar1 negative patients had larger lesions and tended to have more nodules. Patients with positive Beta-Catenin showed larger nodules and more histologic grade III. Patients with positive CK19 showed a tendency to have larger nodules. The association between Beta-catenin and Glipican3 showed positive association with larger nodules. Conclusion: There was no statistical correlation of these markers and the specific disease survival except for the presence of glutamine synthetase which showed only a positive trend of association with survival. The immunoreactivity of these markers did not correlate with the time of appearance of a recurrent tumor, with the exception of the Hep-Par1, which, if negative, was correlated with higher frequency of occurrence of relapse. However, most of the markers studied showed correlation with at least one of the variables studied, whether of characteristics of the population (AFP level, the presence of recurrence and survival time) or characteristics of the lesion (tumor number, the greater lesion size, presence of vascular invasion and degree of differentiation) confirming our hypothesis that these markers can indeed assist in assessing the prognosis of patients undergoing liver transplantation for HCC / Doutorado / Fisiopatologia Cirúrgica / Doutor em Ciências da Cirurgia

The glycoprotein stanniocalcin-1 (STC1) is a paracrine factor in mammals which plays roles in various (patho)physiological functions, such as inflammation and carcinogenesis. Considerable numbers of studies showed dysregulation of STC1 expression in different types of human cancers. A previous study from our group, using clinicopathological data of 216 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients revealed greater STC1 gene expression in tumors than the paired normal samples. However, patient samples with greater STC1 level exhibited smaller tumor size. In fact, multiple cell types, growth factors and matrix components in tumor microenvironment (TME) control cancer progression. Emerging evidence support the important role of infiltrating immune cells on tumor progression. Among those, tumor associated macrophages (TAM) in TME is known to be an essential driver of tumor inflammation and progression, exerting a yin-yang influence to determine if the tumor is suppressed or paving the way to metastasize. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is mainly caused by chronic inflammation. With hindsight, the roles of STC1 in inflammation and carcinogenesis were documented. However, the observation on the negative correlation of STC1 expression with tumor size in HCC patients and the roles of STC1 on the interactions between tumor cells and macrophages are not clear. In Chapter 2, the inverse correlation of STC1 expression with tumor size was addressed. Human metastatic HCC cell line, MHCC97L which was stably transfected with empty vector (P) and STC1 (S1) were used. Nude mice xenograft model showed that tumor size and volume formed from S1 cells were significantly smaller than that from P cells. The observation agreed with the clinical data aforementioned. In vitro studies demonstrated S1 cells had lower plating efficiency, migratory and proliferative potential, illustrating a lower tumorigenicity. Biochemical analyses on the rate of glycolysis, extracellular O2 consumption, ATP production and Western blot studies on mTOR/p70S6K/rpS6 pathway showed the S1 cells adopted a lower energy metabolism. The data may explain the negative correlation between STC expression level and tumor size. In cancer microenvironment, infiltration of host immune cells, especially macrophages, contributes to inflammation and tumor progression. In Chapter 3, it was hypothesized that cancer cell-derived STC1 alter macrophage functions. Therefore, the effects of STC1-overexpressing MHCC97L on macrophages were studied. To mimic their interactions, Boyden chamber insert model was adopted to co-culture MHCC97L (97L/P and 97L/S1) and THP-1. Our data illustrated 97L/S1 suppressed migratory response of THP-1, with or without the addition of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) as the chemoattractant. Quantitative PCR showed downregulation of cytokine/chemokine receptors (CCR2, CCR4, CSF-1R) in THP-1 when co-cultured with 97L/S1. This prompted us to study the alterations of pathways related to cell motility in THP-1 by 97L/S1. Transcriptomic analysis detected 1784 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between THP-1 cells co-cultured with 97L/P and 97L/S1. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) prioritized an inhibition of RhoA signaling, which is known to stimulate cell motility. Western blotting analysis supported the IPA prediction and the cell migration data to show a significant reduction of MLC2 phosphorylation, leading to impaired formation of stress fibers, cell contraction and cell motility. The preceding chapters focused on cancer cell-derived STC1 on HCC cells or THP-1 derived macrophages. In Chapter 4, it was hypothesized that macrophage-derived STC1 may also play a role in macrophage differentiation and inflammation, which modulate tumorigenicity of HCC during macrophage-cancer cell interactions. Thus, the roles of endogenous STC1 in macrophage differentiation and functions were investigated. Using human leukemia monocytic cell line THP-1, a pilot study showed a treatment with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) significantly upregulated STC1 expression and pro-inflammatory cytokines. In follow-up studies, THP-1 was pharmacologically stimulated to differentiate into (i) classically activated macrophages (CAM)/ M1 state, and (ii) alternatively activated macrophages (AAM)/ M2 state. Greater STC1 expression was found to be associated with CAM. To examine the role of STC1 in CAM, siRNASTC1 was used for gene knockdown. Conditioned medium collected from siRNASTC1-treated CAM inhibited migration of HCC cell line Hep3B. Transcriptomic analysis of siRNASTC1-treated CAM revealed an upregulation on TBC1D3G gene, which is involved in the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in macrophage to mediate inflammation. This study demonstrated the association between STC1 and macrophage-mediated inflammation. Collectively, the above studies elucidated the influence of STC1 on cancer cell metabolism, macrophage differentiation and function. It warrants further investigations to unravel the therapeutic potential of STC1 in inflammation and carcinogenesis.

Liver cancer is the sixth most common type of cancer worldwide and is the third leading cause of cancer related mortality. Several types of cancer can form in the liver. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) makes up 75%-85% of all primary liver cancers and it is a malignant disease with limited therapeutic options due to its aggressive progression. While the exact cause of liver cancer may not be known, habits/lifestyle may increase the risk of developing the disease. Several risk prediction models for HCC are available for individuals with hepatitis B and C virus infections who are at high risk but not for general population. To address this challenge, an artificial neural network (ANN) was developed, trained, and tested using the health data to predict liver cancer risk. Our results indicate that our ANN can be used to predict liver cancer risk with changes with lifestyle and may provide a novel approach to identify patients at higher risk and can be bene ted from early diagnosis. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (PMS)--Florida Atlantic University, 2021. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

No description available.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第24783号 / 医博第4975号 / 新制||医||1066(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 村川 泰裕, 教授 波多野 悦朗, 教授 小川 誠司 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM