A pressão pela publicação e divulgação de mais dados governamentais produzidos pelos governos tem contribuído não só para aprimoramento dos níveis de transparência pública, mas também como forma de potencializar o desenvolvimento de serviços públicos digitais por meio de novas plataformas TIC. Em São Paulo, a criação de um ambiente de inovação, pautado pela criação de ferramentas e soluções digitais do tipo, desenvolvidas através da coparticipação entre o governo municipal e demais partes interessadas, se baseou essencialmente na utilização de dados abertos de transporte e mobilidade urbana. Dessa forma, nasceu o MobiLab, um laboratório vivo (living lab), pautado pela copartipação de setor público, empresas, universidades e demais potenciais usuários que juntos, passaram a direcionar seus esforços para a criação de soluções digitais voltadas para solucionar problemas de locomoção presentes hoje no cotidiano do município de São Paulo. Esta dissertação, portanto, buscou lançar um olhar para o MobiLab, de modo a poder realizar um estudo de caso que contemplasse as questões envolvendo a utilização de dados governamentais abertos, a partir da utilização de um living lab, o MobiLab, como catalisador de diferentes oportunidades e desafios que governos, empresas e a sociedade podem enfrentar engajadas no uso de novas tecnologias criadas a partir do uso de dados abertos. Como forma de melhor analisar as atividades realizadas no MobiLab, a pesquisa realizou um estudo de caso junto à startups participantes de um programa de residência, onde foi possível acompanhar parte do processo de criação de aplicativos digitais e a percepção dos usuários do laboratório a respeito da utilização de um ambiente de inovação tecnológica, caracterizado pelo uso de dados abertos e a forma como ele incide no desenvolvimento das soluções propostas / The pressure for the publication and dissemination of more government-produced government data has contributed not only to improved levels of public transparency, but also as a way of leveraging the development of digital public services through new ICT platforms. In São Paulo, the creation of an innovative environment, based on the creation of digital tools and solutions of the kind, developed through the co-participation between the municipal government and other interested parties, based on the use of open transport data and urban mobility. MobiLab was born, a living lab, based on the co-participation of the public sector, companies, universities and other potential users, who together began to direct their efforts towards the creation of digital solutions aimed at solving problems of Urban mobility present today in the daily life of the municipality of São Paulo. This dissertation, therefore, sought to look at MobiLab, as a case study that contemplated the issues involving the use of open government data, focused on urban mobility, and guided by the use of a living lab, the MobiLab, as a catalyst for different opportunities and challenges that governments, startups and society may face while using new technologies created from the use of open government data. As a way to better analyze the activities developed at MobiLab, the research carried out a case study with startups participants of a residence program, where it was possible to follow part of the creation process of the applications and the perception of the users regarding the use of an environment of technological innovation, based on the use of open data and the way in which it focuses on the development of the proposed solutions

A pressão pela publicação e divulgação de mais dados governamentais produzidos pelos governos tem contribuído não só para aprimoramento dos níveis de transparência pública, mas também como forma de potencializar o desenvolvimento de serviços públicos digitais por meio de novas plataformas TIC. Em São Paulo, a criação de um ambiente de inovação, pautado pela criação de ferramentas e soluções digitais do tipo, desenvolvidas através da coparticipação entre o governo municipal e demais partes interessadas, se baseou essencialmente na utilização de dados abertos de transporte e mobilidade urbana. Dessa forma, nasceu o MobiLab, um laboratório vivo (living lab), pautado pela copartipação de setor público, empresas, universidades e demais potenciais usuários que juntos, passaram a direcionar seus esforços para a criação de soluções digitais voltadas para solucionar problemas de locomoção presentes hoje no cotidiano do município de São Paulo. Esta dissertação, portanto, buscou lançar um olhar para o MobiLab, de modo a poder realizar um estudo de caso que contemplasse as questões envolvendo a utilização de dados governamentais abertos, a partir da utilização de um living lab, o MobiLab, como catalisador de diferentes oportunidades e desafios que governos, empresas e a sociedade podem enfrentar engajadas no uso de novas tecnologias criadas a partir do uso de dados abertos. Como forma de melhor analisar as atividades realizadas no MobiLab, a pesquisa realizou um estudo de caso junto à startups participantes de um programa de residência, onde foi possível acompanhar parte do processo de criação de aplicativos digitais e a percepção dos usuários do laboratório a respeito da utilização de um ambiente de inovação tecnológica, caracterizado pelo uso de dados abertos e a forma como ele incide no desenvolvimento das soluções propostas / The pressure for the publication and dissemination of more government-produced government data has contributed not only to improved levels of public transparency, but also as a way of leveraging the development of digital public services through new ICT platforms. In São Paulo, the creation of an innovative environment, based on the creation of digital tools and solutions of the kind, developed through the co-participation between the municipal government and other interested parties, based on the use of open transport data and urban mobility. MobiLab was born, a living lab, based on the co-participation of the public sector, companies, universities and other potential users, who together began to direct their efforts towards the creation of digital solutions aimed at solving problems of Urban mobility present today in the daily life of the municipality of São Paulo. This dissertation, therefore, sought to look at MobiLab, as a case study that contemplated the issues involving the use of open government data, focused on urban mobility, and guided by the use of a living lab, the MobiLab, as a catalyst for different opportunities and challenges that governments, startups and society may face while using new technologies created from the use of open government data. As a way to better analyze the activities developed at MobiLab, the research carried out a case study with startups participants of a residence program, where it was possible to follow part of the creation process of the applications and the perception of the users regarding the use of an environment of technological innovation, based on the use of open data and the way in which it focuses on the development of the proposed solutions

Utvecklingen av Living Labs kan förklaras av framförallt tre utvecklingar. För det första en uppfattning om att vissa behov i samhället inte kan tillgodoses av enskilda organisationer. För det andra att innovation allt mer betraktas som öppna system och slutligen att användaren har erkänts en större roll i innovationsprocesser. Living Labs är en experimentell innovationsmiljö som definieras av:• användarens delaktighet i fokus• tvärsektoriell samverkan; mellan näringsliv, offentlig verksamhet och ideella aktörer• öppenhet• utvecklingsarbetet sker i verkliga miljöerDetta relativt nya fenomen uppvisar en rik variation av uttryck och de olika nyckelattributen som grundar begreppet Living Labs tillskrivs olika vikt.Studien ämnar besvara frågeställningen: Vilket samband finns mellan de organisatoriska kompromisserna och Living Labs konceptets nyckelattribut?Studien är en komparativ undersökning av två Living Labs som har tagit mycket olika uttryck. Halmstad Living Lab med fokus på hälsoteknik, existerar genom sina projekt där små- och medelstora företag får chansen att utvecklas och få stöd av deras erfarenhet av användar-centrerade utvecklingsprojekt. Och Fabriken, under Malmö Living Lab, där användarnas deltagande ses som ett mål i sig och den stora frågan är hur man kan skapa en förutsättningslös yta för innovation.Analysen sker utifrån Provan och Kenis modell för nätverksstyrning som utgår ifrån att man i samverkansprojekt måste kompromissa mellan olika motsatspar.Slutsatsen är att de två labbens olika inriktning kan förstås utifrån modellen och kompromisserna som görs mellan motsatsparen även kan ses som kompromisser mellan Living Lab fenomenets nyckelattribut. / The development of Living Labs can above all be explained by progress in three areas. First, a notion that some needs in society can not be met by individual organizations. The second is the idea of innovation as open systems, and finally the recognition of users as a greater part in innovation processes. Living Labs is an experimental innovation environment that is defined by:• focus in user involvement• intersectoral collaboration; between industry, public sector and non-profit operators• openness• the development work conducted in real environmentsThis relatively new phenomenon exhibits a rich variety of expressions and the various key attributes that constitute the concept of Living Labs are attributed to different extent.The study intends to answer the question: What is the relationship between the organizational trade-offs and Living Labs concept's key attributes?It is comparative study of two Living Labs who have taken very different expressions. Halmstad Living Lab with a focus on health technologies, exists through its projects in which small-and medium-sized businesses get the opportunity to develop by receiving support from their knowledge drawn from experiences of user-centered development projects. And the Factory, a part of Malmö Living Lab, in which user participation is seen as an end in itself and were the big question is how to create an open space for innovation.Analysis is based on Provan and Kenis model for network governance, which assumes that those in collaborative projects have to compromise between different pairs of opposite.The conclusion is that the two labs different orientations can be understood through the model and compromises made between he pairs of opposite witch also can be seen as compromises between the Living Lab phenomenon's key attributes.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2015-10-09T12:41:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Silvio Bitencourt da Silva_.pdf: 1963998 bytes, checksum: f9c2018294b87a44235bc9ce52205ce3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-09T12:41:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silvio Bitencourt da Silva_.pdf: 1963998 bytes, checksum: f9c2018294b87a44235bc9ce52205ce3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-22 / Nenhuma / Este trabalho analisa a orquestração de redes de inovação em Living Labs brasileiros para o desenvolvimento de inovações sociais. Para responder a questão de pesquisa e os objetivos propostos, buscou-se na Visão Baseada em Recursos - VBR contribuições para melhor compreender como são geridos e mobilizados os recursos compartilhados nas redes de inovação em Living Labs brasileiros no desenvolvimento de inovações sociais. Para os estudos de casos, foram selecionados três Living Labs brasileiros: o Living Lab Habitat (Vitória, Espírito Santo), o Corais (Curitiba, Paraná) e, o TransLAB (Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul). As evidências vieram de três fontes distintas: documentos ou registros, acesso a diferentes mídias, incluindo redes sociais e de entrevistas semiestruturadas Os dados foram analiados de acordo com categorias de análises contextuais que dizem respeito as inovações sociais e aos Living Labs e, específicas sobre a “orquestração de redes de inovação”. Em linhas gerais, o estudo contribuiu com a teoria existente de quatro maneiras: (i) uniformizando o debate em torno do campo de estudo sobre inovações sociais; (ii) refletindo sobre os emergentes Living Labs brasileiros e a sua ênfase no desenvolvimento de inovações sociais; (iii) criando conexões entre a ideia de um orquestrador e a noção de “orquestração de recursos” e com o conjunto de processos e tarefas específicas, denominado “orquestração de redes de inovação”, e (iv) promovendo a compreensão sobre como os Living Labs pesquisados conduzem a “orquestração de redes de inovação” para o desenvolvimento de inovações sociais. Mais especificamente, este estudo proporciona: a) a apresentação de um conceito denominado “redes de inovação social”, b) a construção de um quadro conceitual da inovação social c) a compreensão das concepções sobre Living Labs, d) a sugestão de uma definição para Living Labs, e) a ilustração do contexto de emergência dos Living Labs no Brasil, g) a identificação de um processo adicional na orquestração da rede de inovação, neste caso a cocriação, bem como as suas tarefas específicas: empoderamento, envolvimento e proximidade das partes interessadas, e h) a inserção da discussão da inovação social no âmbito da VBR. Além disso, possibilita aos gestores de Living Labs construirem um quadro de que os possibilite aprimorar sua gestão em relação as redes de inovação social a partir dos relatos apresentados neste estudo e dos novos discernimentos obtidos. / This paper analyzes the orchestration of innovation networks in Brazilian Living Labs for the development of social innovations. To answer the research question and objectives, it was sought in Resource-Based View - RBV contributions to better understand how the shared resources in innovation networks in Living Labs Brazilians in the development of social innovations are managed and deployed. As case studies, we selected three Brazilian Living Labs: the Living Lab Habitat (Vitória, Espírito Santo), o Corais (Curitiba, Paraná) and the TransLAB (Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul). The evidence came from three different sources: documents or records, access to different media, including social networks and semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed according to categories of contextual analyzes concerning social innovation and Living Labs and specific about the "orchestration innovation networks". In general, the study contributed to the existing theory in four ways: (i) standardizing the debate on the field of study on social innovation; (ii) reflecting on the emerging Brazilian Living Labs and its emphasis on developing social innovations; (Iii) creating connections between the idea of an orchestrator and the notion of "resource orchestration" and the set of specific processes and tasks, called "orchestration innovation networks", and (iv) promoting the understanding of how Living Labs surveyed lead to "orchestrating innovation networks" for the development of social innovations. More specifically, this study provides: a) the presentation of a concept called "social innovation networks", b) the construction of a conceptual framework of social innovation c) understanding the concepts of Living Labs, d) the suggestion of a definition for Living Labs, e) the emergency context illustration of Living Labs in Brazil, g) the identification of an additional process in orchestrating the innovation network, called co-creation, enhanced by three specific tasks: empowerment, involvement and closeness with stakeholders, h) the inclusion of social innovation discussion in the RBV. It also enables the Living Labs managers build a framework of understanding to improve its management regarding the social innovation networks from the reports presented in this study and new insights obtained.

I dagsläget finns det brister gällande datadelning mellan verkande aktörer itransportsektorn. Denna fallstudie fokuserar på vägtransport med avseende på last miledelivery samt sjöfartstransport och järnvägstransport. Mycket information finns ännu intedigitalt vilket gör att den blir otillgänglig för samtliga aktörer som är inblandade ileveranskedjan. Det finns inte något datadelningssystem för de inblandade aktörerna attdela sin data i. Detta gör i sin tur att det saknas en samlad lägesbild över logistikkedjanför gods. Med hjälp av digitalisering kan det uppnås en samlad lägesbild, det vill säga attalla inblandade ska få ta del av samma information samtidigt, vilket kan leda till att mankan uppnå effektivitet i distributionssystemet samt kunna reagera i realtid. Genom att använda sig av innovationsmodellen Living Labs kan man skapa projekt därman för samman aktörer och tar reda på aktörernas informationsbehov. Living Labs är eninnovationsmodell där aktörssamverkan står i centrum. Syftet med denna fallstudie är attutvärdera om innovationsmodellen Living Labs är en lämplig modell för att digitaliserainformationsflödet inom logistikkedjor för gods, genom att jämföra litteratur medrespondenternas svar från intervjuerna. Denna fallstudie ger en genomgång avlitteraturen, med hjälp av en litteraturstudie. Studien har även samlat in information frånintervjuer. Resultatet av denna fallstudie visar att innovationsmodellen Living Labs är enlämplig modell för att digitalisera informationsflödet inom logistikkedjor för gods. Däremot finns det fortfarande forskningsgap när det gäller hur Living Labs påverkardigitalisering av informationsflödet inom logistikkedjor för gods. Nyckelord: Living Labs, Digitalisering, Logistikkedjor för gods, Informationsflöde, Innovation / In the current situation there are shortcomings regarding data sharing between activeactors in the transport sector. This case study focuses on road transport regarding last miledelivery as well as shipping and rail transport. A lot of information is not yet availabledigitally, which makes it inaccessible to all actors that are involved in the supply chain. There is also no data sharing system for the actors that are involved to share their data. This in turn means that there is no overall picture of the situation in the logistic chain forgoods. With the help of digitization, an overall picture of the situation can be achieved, which means that everyone involved should be able to access the same information at thesame time, which can lead to efficiency in the distribution system and give actors theopportunity to be able to react in real time. By using the innovation model Living Labs, you can create projects where you bringactors together and find out the actors information needs. Living Labs is an innovationmodel where actor collaboration is at the center. The purpose of this case study is toevaluate whether the innovation model Living Labs is a suitable model for digitizing theflow of information within logistics chains for goods, by comparing literature with therespondents answers from the interviews. This case study provides a review of theliterature, using a literature study. This study also collected information from interviews. The results of this case study show that the innovation model Living Labs is a suitablemodel for digitizing the flow of information within logistics chains for goods. However, there are still research gaps regarding how Living Labs affects the digitalisation of theflow of information within logistics chains for goods. Keywords: Living Labs, Digitalisation, Logistics chains for goods, Information flow, Innovation

The importance for companies in knowledge or technology intensive industries to take part in research partnerships has been thoroughly researched, and the gain of collaboration with external parties has been proven. One of these most influential collaboration types is the one between academia and industry, where the US Bayh-Dole Act provided a break-through policy change for the transfer, conversion and commercialization of knowledge and innovations. To counter this, the European Union has implemented a policy around a facilitating, user-centered milieu for innovation called Living Labs. In this article, the purpose is to identify potential collaboration barriers in the university-industry collaboration when implemented in this milieu. This is done by using a multiple case study where the respondents are seven individuals, from three Living Lab entities and two companies. The findings show that the inclusion of users give the setting its advantage, but also gives additional management needs, something that applies to all participants in the setting – the company representatives must have a diverse set of abilities, the researchers should be standalone and independent from the Living Labs management, the management must establish a shared physical context for all parties to interact within and there must be a very clear agreement between all parties what there are expecting from the collaboration regarding outcomes, process and structure.

Urban Living Labs emerged in the past decade as spatially embedded multi-stakeholder integrating forms of urban experimentation. They pose as key-nodes for transforming urban governance and generating new, innovative responses to pressing wicked planning and sustainability issues for cities in transition. In Sweden various such projects have been initiated in various locales as parts of European projects that connect different locales. The present Degree Project seeks to examine mechanisms through which Urban Living Labs seek the transformation of established structures towards a more sustainable future in the Swedish context. It does so by analyzing five such projects that have been established in different urban areas in Sweden. In this process it also examines the roles of main actors who play a prominent role in the framework of this form of urban experimentation. This is succeeded through employing a mixed-method approach as a response to the above questions. The main findings point towards the need for extensive networking and exchange of practices between different locales within Sweden and highlight the potentials of urban experimentation for the transformation of the role of main actors. The present Degree Project concludes by reflecting on the future of Urban Living Labs and urban experimentation.

Urban Living Labs (ULL) have become a common way to address wicked design challenges within the future mobility, and smart city context. The move toward ULL is part of a paradigm shift away from focusing purely on the IT-artifact, innovation, and user-centeredness toward focusing on the urban context and the construction of a place as a social context rather than implementation of a product or service in isolation. This shift requires diverse sets of stakeholders with different backgrounds to come together to address wicked design challenges collaboratively tied to specific urban contexts. However, the change toward ULLs also brings unique qualities to collaborations. For example, it is often hard to generalize or transfer findings from one ULL to another. In addition, it requires new modes of thinking and acting concerning the value of bottomup approaches anchored in context. Therefore, a core challenge for impactful work in an ULL, is to find ways to retain stakeholders’ local engagements and ways of doing collaborative design beyond the ULL project to create ripple effects. This thesis tweaks this challenge into a question that aims at investigating what a locally contextualized ULL set-up means for the involved stakeholders from a participatory perspective by asking: How can we understand engagement in ULL co-design, and how can this engagement be retained beyond the Living Lab? The question was explored through a design ethnographic approach in a ULL, where citizens, city representatives, car manufacturers, and representatives from public transport worked together to explore future mobility services. The research question is addressed through a description of how stakeholder engagement played out in the ULL along with an analysis of the dynamics of co-design as a co-appropriation process within the ULL, which enabled stakeholders to engage in a social context across sectors and disciplines to co-learn ways of appropriating findings from the ULL as an explorative way of working. Co-appropriation is described as a process moving from acclimatization towards cogitation in co-design, with patching as an activity that supports the process. The thesis also elaborates on how findings from a ULL can be retained and scaled beyond the Living Lab through transformation games, as an example of a patching activity.

This thesis presents the development and results of a research work that proposes a method of designing incremental services that works for knowledge management environments via Internet, called e-services. This method is based on the principles of collaborative design-by which all organizational profiles provide specific design tasks, and the idea of incremental progression of projects, increasing at each stage of production the formal features and functionality artifact. The thesis begins with a theoretical study in which we present the main concepts and features three main areas: 1) new business models and scenarios that emerge from them, as so-called "open innovation" and "living labs"; 2) The research in the design field, which involved paradigms as "collaborative design" that governs the development of this doctoral research; 3) Theory of distributed cognition, studying the characteristics of cognitive development of subjects in different environments using different types of artifacts. A second part of the thesis presents the results of empirical exploration based on the concepts, features and phases of action research method. This chapter presents the incremental design method -main contribution of the thesis- and explains how it has been tested on two projects undertaken by the organization in which research is conducted. These projects make contributions in two different environments in knowledge management area. The projects are the development (following the proposed method) of e-health service to support the treatment of the disease of dysphagia; and systematization of incremental design method by implementing a workflow tool that is useful in everyday activity of the collective multidisciplinary research that develops the thesis. From empirical exploration emerge qualitative and quantitative results that are intended to validate the proposed methodology and are exposed in the thesis document. Finally, the last chapter presents general conclusions and specific work and contributions this makes to the scientific community, as well as suggesting some future research that may follow the experience presented here. / El presente documento presenta la evolución y resultados del trabajo de investigación que tiene como objetivo proponer un método incremental de diseño de servicios concebidos para entornos de gestión del conocimiento a través de Internet, denominados e-services. Dicho método se basa en los principios del diseño colaborativo -según los cuales todos los perfiles de la organización aportan tareas de diseño específicas- y en la idea de la progresión incremental de los proyectos, aumentando en cada fase de producción las funcionalidades y características formales del artefacto. El método propuesto ha sido puesto en práctica por un grupo de investigación multidisciplinario dedicado a la realización de diversos proyectos en el ámbito de la gestión del conocimiento.

Title - Designing Future Sustainable Cities through a Living Labs Approach – A Case study of “Väsby Labs” Purpose - The purpose of this study is to analyze the contributions of the Living Labs research and innovation methodology to the planning process of designing future sustainable cities as well as its main shortcomings. Additionally, this study intends to provide possible solutions to improve the model in the future. The Living Labs model focuses on creating platforms for communication, innovation and long term development by inviting different stakeholders to an open planning process before public places are defined, houses built and schools developed. Interaction between developers, inhabitants, social services, and political and financial systems is the key element of this model. Research questions - What are the main contributions of the Living Labs Model to the process of designing future sustainable cities and which are its main limitations? How can these limitations be addressed to improve the process in the future? Methodology - Qualitative research consisting of a literature review and an empirical case study based on semi-structured interviews with key individuals as well as secondary data gathered from the web and from participating in workshops and exhibitions in the project’s site. Research limitations/implications – Due to time limitations this study is a mere analysis of a project being developed on a Swedish municipality and does not contemplate its final results, only the ones reached on the date of the current study. The language is also a limitation, due to some of the literature related to the case study, and the conferences and workshops being in Swedish. Originality/Value - This study is the first attempt to analyze the contribution of a methodology such as the Living Labs to the planning process of designing future sustainable cities.