Introdução: O cenário da epidemia da AIDS vem se modificando no Brasil e no mundo e o perfil epidemiológico das pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS vem sofrendo sucessivas alterações desde a década de 80. Embora os homens representem em números absolutos, o maior número de notificações do total de casos de AIDS, a velocidade de crescimento da epidemia é maior entre as mulheres. O Brasil tem uma resposta à epidemia de DST/AIDS reconhecida internacionalmente, baseada nos princípios do SUS à universalidade, à equidade e à integralidade na assistência. Um dos capítulos desta resposta é a prevenção da transmissão vertical do HIV. O tema que vem ganhando importância na medida em que a AIDS recebe status de doença crônica e as mulheres soropositivas podem fazer as suas escolhas reprodutivas. A prevenção da transmissão vertical do HIV contempla testagem para diagnóstico precoce, terapia antirretroviral durante a gravidez e o parto, terapia antirretroviral para o recém-nascido e a não amamentação. Objetivo- Conhecer como as ações de prevenção e controle da transmissão vertical do Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana são percebidas pelas gestantes e puérperas atendidas pelo Programa Estadual de DST/AIDS, e sua satisfação, ou insatisfação, em relação à assistência recebida. Método- Nossa amostra foi composta por 14 mulheres, sendo 13 soropositivas para o HIV que engravidaram e tiveram pelo menos um filho no contexto da soropositividade e uma, soronegativa para o HIV e mãe adotiva de uma criança soropositiva. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizada a metodologia qualitativa, com base em entrevistas individuais, semiestruturadas, realizadas em 2010. Resultados - Não houve aconselhamento para a testagem de nenhuma mulher da amostra. As mulheres apresentaram, no geral, uma falta de identificação com o perfil de pessoas que podem se infectar com o HIV, sendo surpreendidas com o diagnóstico. Oito pais apresentaram status sorológico desconhecido, sendo que três negaram-se à testagem. Há dificuldades por parte das mulheres, para promoverem relações sexuais protegidas com o uso do preservativo masculino. Os efeitos adversos dos antirretrovirais são descritos como obstáculo importante à adesão ao tratamento. O alojamento conjunto foi o cenário das piores vivências dentre toda a assistência recebida, destaque dado ao tema aleitamento materno. Há uma lacuna entre as demandas das mulheres em produzir e relatar as suas narrativas e a inexistência de espaços de escuta, seja individualmente na relação com o profissional médico, seja em grupos. Conclusões - A ausência do aconselhamento como espaço de abordagem e esclarecimentos, informações e escolhas, dificulta uma ação mais oportuna para a redução da transmissão vertical do HIV. As mulheres comuns não são atingidas pelas informações sobre HIV/AIDS oferecidas pelas campanhas para prevenção da infecção. O uso do preservativo para evitar a infecção ainda é uma decisão masculina. As mulheres raramente encontram interlocução entre os profissionais, para tirarem suas dúvidas e planejarem sua vida reprodutiva de forma mais segura. Apesar da falta de discussão sobre o planejamento terapêutico, a via de parto e os cuidados com o bebê, as mulheres seguem a prescrição e seguem com seus medos e suas dúvidas / Introduction: The scenario of the AIDS epidemic has been changing in Brazil and worldwide, and epidemiological profile of people living with HIV / AIDS has undergone successive changes since the 80\'s. Although men represent in absolute numbers, the highest number of notifications of all cases of AIDS, the epidemic growth rate is higher among women. Brazil has a response to the epidemic of STD / AIDS internationally recognized principles of the SUS: universality, equity and integrity in service. One of the elements of this response is the prevention of vertical transmission of HIV. The theme that is gaining importance, as AIDS gets the status of chronic disease and HIV positive women can make their own reproductive choices. The prevention of vertical transmission of HIV includes testing for early diagnosis, antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy and delivery, antiretroviral therapy for the newborn and not breastfeeding. Objective -To study how the prevention and control of vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus are perceived by pregnant women and new mothers assisted by the State Program of STD / AIDS, and their satisfaction or dissatisfaction in relation to care received. Methods -Our sample consisted of 14 women, 13 HIV-positive pregnant and who had at least one child in the context of being HIV positive and one was seronegative for HIV and an adoptive mother of an HIV positive child. To collect data we used the qualitative methodology, based on individual interviews, semi-structured, conducted in 2010. Results - There was no counseling for the testing of any women in the sample. Women had, overall, a lack of identification with the profile of people who can become infected with HIV, being surprised by the diagnosis. Eight male partners had unknown HIV status, and three refused to be tested. There are difficulties, for women, to promote safe sex with condom use. Adverse effects of antiretroviral drugs are described as barrier to treatment adherence. Rooming-in was the scene of the worst experiences among all the care received, highlighting the theme of breastfeeding. There is a gap between women\'s demands to produce and report their stories and the lack of opportunities to listen, either individually in relation to the medical professional, either in groups. Conclusions - The lack of counseling as a space for dialogue and explanations, information and choices, hampers a more timely action to reduce vertical transmission of HIV. The \"ordinary\" women are not affected by information about HIV / AIDS provided by the campaigns to prevent infection. The use of condoms to prevent infection is still a male decision. Women are rarely have the opportunity to with professionals, to expose their questions and plan their reproductive lives more safely. In this setting of lack ofparticipation on treatment planning, delivery or baby care, women follow the \"prescription\" and move on with their fears and doubts

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:17:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sandra Regina de Oliveira Rodrigues dos Reis.pdf: 619670 bytes, checksum: 05c774d13bea8efc80cb88acd2ae062c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-18 / The adherence to antiretroviral therapy has been highlighted in various studies as an important subject, since it concerns a long term illness which requires changes in the daily routine of the individual who lives with it. Research carried out in prisons has identified a greater incidence of persons living with HIV/aids amongst prisoners than amongst persons living in liberty. In view of that, the object of this research was to analyse a proposition for intervention amongst men living with HIV/aids in the hospital section of a prison. The process was divided into three phases Phase 1 (consultation of patients records in order to obtain CD4 and the level of the virus, the completion of questionnaires and application of research tools), Phase 2 (intervention) and Phase 3 (renewed consultation of patients records to obtain CD4 and the level of the virus and a further completion of questionnaires and application of research tools). The hypothesis was that the individuals who presented a low or insufficient adhesion (to the therapy) in Phase 1, after the intervention would present a high adhesion. As well as altered degrees of adhesion, it was hoped that there would be positive changes in the clinical data (CD4 and the level of the virus). The experimental group consisted of five participants and the control group consisted of three participants. The results obtained showed that the sample was characterized by persons with an average age of 35.25 years and low levels of education. In phase 1 they presented a low or insufficient adhesion, high levels of the virus and low immune levels. After the intervention (Phase 2) the experimental group as one presented high adhesion and better levels of clinical data in distinction to the control group which presented low or insufficient adhesion, unsatisfactory immunological levels and levels of the virus with the exception of one of the participants in the control group who since the beginning presented satisfactory levels of adhesion as well as CD4 and the level of the virus. In conclusion, some important points were demonstrated by this study. One of them is the importance of carrying out research with a focus on adhesion to antiretroviral therapy among this population since there is little research in the literature even though the incidence of the disease is high. The other point is to widen a proposition like this one, to be carried out with more participants seeing that positive results were found / A adesão à terapia antirretroviral (TARV) tem sido destacada em diversos estudos, uma vez que se trata de uma doença crônica que exige mudanças de rotina do indivíduo que vive com ela. Pesquisas realizadas em presídios identificaram uma maior prevalência de pessoas vivendo com HIV/aids em presídios se comparadas, proporcionalmente, às pessoas vivendo em liberdade. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o efeito de uma intervenção nos valores de adesão adotados em oito homens vivendo com HIV/aids em um Centro Hospitalar do Sistema Penitenciário do Estado de São Paulo. O procedimento foi dividido em três Momentos. No Momento 1 ocorreu a obtenção dos dados clínicos (CD4 e carga viral), a partir de consulta a prontuários, a obtenção dos valores de adesão (CEAT-VIH) e obtenção de dados demográficos. No Momento 2 ocorreu a intervenção que se caracterizou por quatro Encontros em grupo, sob a coordenação da pesquisadora, de uma médica infectologista e de uma enfermeira. Nesses Encontros foram apresentadas e discutidas informações sobre a doença. O Momento 3 seguiu o mesmo procedimento do Momento 1, exceto a obtenção de dados demográficos. A hipótese era que os indivíduos que apresentassem adesão baixa/insuficiente indicadas pelo CEAT-VIH e pelos índices sanguíneos (carga viral alta e taxa alta CD4) no Momento 1, após a intervenção, apresentariam adesão alta indicadas pelos dados obtidos no Momento 3. Foram formados dois grupos de participantes: experimental e controle. Cinco participantes constituíram o grupo experimental e três o grupo controle. O primeiro grupo participou de todas as fases e o grupo controle não participou dos Encontros do Momento 2. Os resultados encontrados mostraram que, No Momento 1, a maioria participantes do grupo experimental apresentaram adesão baixa/insuficiente no CEAT e altos níveis virológicos e baixos níveis imunológicos (CD4). Após os Encontros do Momento 2, todos os participantes do grupo experimental apresentaram adesão alta (CEAT) e melhora (aumento em CD4 e diminuição em carga viral?) nos níveis de dados clínicos. Diferentemente, o grupo controle manteve adesão baixa/insuficiente (CEAT) e níveis imunológicos e virológicos insatisfatórios, exceto um dos participantes que sempre apresentou valores satisfatórios quanto aos dados clínicos (CD4 e carga viral). O presente trabalho indicou a importância na continuidade de estudos que investiguem adesão nesse ambiente a fim de se aprimorarem as questões metodológicas e de generalidade

The objective of this thesis is to examine the meaning of the language used in an Entertainment-Education (E-E) radio serial drama RockPoint 256 (RP256) and its representation of People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) and HIV/AIDS. The theoretical framework that is used to guide this study is the Cultural Studies perspective. Using Cultural Studies is instrumental to a study such as this that looks to find the source of meaning in RP256’s discourse (Hall, 1993, 105). The methodological research design used is discourse analysis that examines the oral and written data of RP256. Discourse analysis “focuses on the way language is used, what it is used for, and the social context in which it is used” (Punch, 1998, 226). There were two types of discourse analyses used. Gee’s (1999) discourse analysis is used to analyse the linguistic nature of the texts at a micro level while, Fairclough’s (1989) discourse analysis is used to observe the overarching meaning of the discourse found in RP256 at the macro level. The analysis of the data indicates that the representation of PLHA is a product of the societal and cultural markers that are a result of ideological labels given to HIV/AIDS and PLHA. The study concludes that PLHA are ostracised, stigmatized, live in poverty and are mostly women. The societal and cultural markers indicate that HIV/AIDS is still viewed as a plague and as a result PLHA are often silenced, marginalized, and discriminated against in Uganda.

The objective of this thesis is to examine the meaning of the language used in an Entertainment-Education (E-E) radio serial drama RockPoint 256 (RP256) and its representation of People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) and HIV/AIDS. The theoretical framework that is used to guide this study is the Cultural Studies perspective. Using Cultural Studies is instrumental to a study such as this that looks to find the source of meaning in RP256’s discourse (Hall, 1993, 105). The methodological research design used is discourse analysis that examines the oral and written data of RP256. Discourse analysis “focuses on the way language is used, what it is used for, and the social context in which it is used” (Punch, 1998, 226). There were two types of discourse analyses used. Gee’s (1999) discourse analysis is used to analyse the linguistic nature of the texts at a micro level while, Fairclough’s (1989) discourse analysis is used to observe the overarching meaning of the discourse found in RP256 at the macro level. The analysis of the data indicates that the representation of PLHA is a product of the societal and cultural markers that are a result of ideological labels given to HIV/AIDS and PLHA. The study concludes that PLHA are ostracised, stigmatized, live in poverty and are mostly women. The societal and cultural markers indicate that HIV/AIDS is still viewed as a plague and as a result PLHA are often silenced, marginalized, and discriminated against in Uganda.

Magister Public Health - MPH / Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Mobile HIV/AIDS Treatment Teams in initiating and treating patients with HAART at fixed primary health care clinics Amajuba District.

The objective of this thesis is to examine the meaning of the language used in an Entertainment-Education (E-E) radio serial drama RockPoint 256 (RP256) and its representation of People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) and HIV/AIDS. The theoretical framework that is used to guide this study is the Cultural Studies perspective. Using Cultural Studies is instrumental to a study such as this that looks to find the source of meaning in RP256’s discourse (Hall, 1993, 105). The methodological research design used is discourse analysis that examines the oral and written data of RP256. Discourse analysis “focuses on the way language is used, what it is used for, and the social context in which it is used” (Punch, 1998, 226). There were two types of discourse analyses used. Gee’s (1999) discourse analysis is used to analyse the linguistic nature of the texts at a micro level while, Fairclough’s (1989) discourse analysis is used to observe the overarching meaning of the discourse found in RP256 at the macro level. The analysis of the data indicates that the representation of PLHA is a product of the societal and cultural markers that are a result of ideological labels given to HIV/AIDS and PLHA. The study concludes that PLHA are ostracised, stigmatized, live in poverty and are mostly women. The societal and cultural markers indicate that HIV/AIDS is still viewed as a plague and as a result PLHA are often silenced, marginalized, and discriminated against in Uganda.

Department of Advanced Nursing Science / MCur

MPH / Department of Public Health / See the attached abstract below

HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination (S&D), lack of social support, poverty, and gender inequalities have been identified as factors in the increased prevalence rate of HIV transmission in Enugu, Nigeria, especially among women ages 15 to 49 years. Despite the funding of reduction programs, HIV/AIDS-related S&D remain a major driving force in the increased rate of new HIV cases in Enugu. This study addressed a perceived need for behavioral change intervention approaches that span all societal factors to reduce the HIV infection rate in Enugu Nigeria. The study was guided by Goffman's (1963) social S&D theory. The sample was composed of 132 women living with HIV/AIDS WLWHA ages 21 to 54 years, purposefully sampled from the 4 HIV and AIDS comprehensive initiatives care centers in Enugu, Nigeria. Fifteen WLWHA were interviewed and 114 participated in an online survey. The descriptive statistics and a multiple linear regression analysis and comparison revealed a convergent significant relationship between the S&D determinants (social, political, psychological, environmental, and cultural) and HIV/AIDS-related S&D towards WLWHA in Enugu F (4,109) = 45.09, p

Caring for a family member who is ill can be a draining experience (Cooper et al., 2006; Daire, 2002; Zarit et al, 1980). Providing care for a family member that is living with HIV/AIDS is potentially even more stressful because of social meanings associated with HIV/AIDS infection (Stajduhar, 1998) and the contagious nature of the HIV virus (Powell-Cope & Brown, 1992). Research indicates that most caregivers are female (Bunting, 2001; Songwathana, 2000). In Africa women bear the brunt of the burden of providing care for family members who are living with HIV/AIDS (Mushonga, 2001; Olenja, 1999). This study examined coping factors and caregiver burden among female caregivers (N=116) of a family member living with HIV/AIDS in Kenya. Coping factors were derived from a principal components factor analysis of the fourteen scales on the Brief Cope (Carver, 1997). Caregiver burden was measured using the Zarit Caregiver Burden Inventory. Multiple regression analysis was used to investigate the relationships between caregiver burden and coping factors. Post–hoc multiple regression analyses further investigated the relationship between caregiver burden and caregiver demographic characteristics. The relationship between caregiver burden and care recipient characteristics was also investigated. The principle components factor analysis of the Brief Cope yielded five coping factors that were labeled: Social support, Hope, Acceptance, Planning, and Disposition. The regression analysis that was conducted to investigate the relationships between these five coping factors and caregiver burden indicated a significant inverse relationship between Hope and caregiver burden. The post-hoc analyses investigating the relationship between various caregiver and care recipient characteristics indicated a significant relationship between the caregiver's age and caregiver burden, and education level and caregiver burden. An increase in age correlated with a decrease in caregiver burden. An increase in education level correlated with reduced caregiver burden. Implications of the findings for research and practice are discussed.