Esta dissertação apresenta o estudo arqueológico e etnoarqueológico dos conjuntos cerâmicos provenientes de sítios arqueológicos históricos - Tacaimbó 1 e Tacaimbó 2 - e dos conjuntos cerâmicos etnográficos produzidos em comunidades locais, ambos do Agreste Central Pernambucano. Adotando uma abordagem etnoarqueológica para a análise de sítios arqueológicos históricos, através de perspectivas descolonizadas e multivocais, discutimos o papel do arqueólogo na valorização dos conhecimentos tradicionais. Esta valorização é fundamental para a construção das identidades locais e para a elaboração de narrativas históricas alternativas que incluam estas populações historicamente marginalizadas. Concluindo, a partir da análise tecnológica dos conjuntos cerâmicos arqueológicos e etnográficos elaboramos uma matriz de correlatos para artefatos cerâmicos de produção local/regional, contribuindo para a caracterização dos mesmos e para as discussões arqueológicas sobre variabilidade artefatual. / This dissertation is resulted from an archaeological and ethnoarchaeological research study of pottery sets from historical archaeological sites - Tacaimbó 1 and Tacaimbó 2 - and of ethnographic pottery sets produced on local communities, both from Agreste Central region (Pernambuco state, Brazilian Northeast). Using an ethnoarchaeological approach for the historical archaeological sites analysis, and the decolonized and multivocal perspectives, the role of the archaeologist on traditional knowledge valuation was discussed. This valuation is a fundamental aspect for the local identities construction and formulation of an alternative historical narrative, which include these historically marginalized populations. In conclusion, from the technological analysis of archaeological and ethnographic pottery sets, a matrix of correlates for local and regional production of pottery artifacts was proposed, contributing to its characterization and for the archaeological discussions of artefactual variability

Les représentations identitaires du Semi-aride brésilien ont été pendant longtemps incarnées dans des images de pauvreté, sécheresses et sous-développement. En dépassant ces stéréotypes, les politiques publiques actuelles appliquent une nouvelle approche du développement régional en l’articulant davantage au développement local afin de réduire les inégalités sociales et spatiales. Les politiques d’appui aux Arrangements Productifs Locaux-APL font partie de cette stratégie, visant à augmenter la compétitivité des territoires en y stimulant l’organisation productive, l’innovation, le renforcement du capital social, et tout ce qui contribue à redynamiser l’identité régionale. De leur coté, les acteurs sociaux organisés revendiquent le droit de participer à l’instauration d’un modèle de développement propre à la région tout en insistant sur l’adoption de mesures fondées sur la notion de développement durable traduite par l’expression « Vivre avec le Semi-aride ». Une telle posture a comme base le renforcement de la production familiale, l’éducation adaptée à la réalité locale, l’organisation communautaire et les solutions hydrauliques décentralisées de faible gabarit. Parallèlement, le grand projet d’’intégration du São Francisco avec les bassins hydrographiques du Nordeste septentrional, si cher au président Lula, ouvre le débat sur l’usage efficace et durable des eaux du fleuve pour l’irrigation pérenne des zones semi-arides. Au sein des enjeux de ce processus de [re]construction identitaire, la vitiviniculture – héritière de la fruiticulture irriguée dans la Vallée du São Francisco - est prise comme un exemple symbolique d’un APL soutenu par les gouvernements fédéral et de l’Etat du Pernambouc. Cet APL exprime la dialectique entre modernité et tradition, global et local, puisque la production d’un vin tropical contribue à infléchir les identités avec des images de progrès et d’innovation, mais cela implique également des risques de valorisation différenciée des territoires. C’est pourquoi une telle métamorphose, en même temps qu’elle apporte du nouveau, a aussi tendance à relancer l’habituel comportement d’enrichissement individuel conduisant à la concentration des terres et de l’eau aux dépens des productions villageoise et familiale qui sont au coeur des identités collectives sertanejas. / The Semi-Arid Region of Brazilian Northeast have been constantly associated to the image of poverty, periodical dries, and undervelopment. Avoiding this label, public policies of today are carrying out a new approach articulating regional and local development in order to reduce social and regional inequalities. The Arranjos Produtivos Locais [Local Productive Agreements] APL Program is part of this strategy, attempting to make local enconomies and territories more dynamic and competitive, through the encouragement of productive organization, inovation and strenghtening of social capital. The social actors claim the right to participate in the implementation of a model of development tailored to the region and based on the notion of sustainable development, which can be found in the expression “Livelihood in the Semi-Arid”. Such position is based in the strenghtening of familiar production, an education adapted to the local conditions, community organization and tailored and decentralized hydraulic solutions. Concurrently, the great project of integrating the São Francisco River Basin with the northern basins, so desired by the Lula Government, ignites the debate over the efficient and sustainable use of water for the irrigation of semi-arid zones. The wine industry, an outgrow of the irrigated fruit production of the São Francisco Valley, presents itself as a excellent example of an APL, supported by the Federal and Pernambuco State Government. This APL express the relationship between modernisty and tradition, global and local since the production of a tropical wine help to transform local identities through the image of progress and innovation, which also involve the risk of different valorization of the territories. For this reason, this transformation, at the same time that innovates, reinforces the common habit of individual enrichment, leading to the concentration of land and water in a few hands, which, at the end, acts against the valorization of local and familiar production.

This thesis consists of four self-contained papers on job turnover, productivity and state- local finance. Paper [I] deals with the determinants of the rate of job turnover defined as the change in distribution of employment between and within industries in Swedish manufacturing. The rate of inter-industry job turnover is driven by the dispersion of profit changes among industries. Shifts in international competitiveness among industries seem to play a central role in the explanation of this pattern. The rate of intra-industry job turnover has been higher in industries with many small plants, low profit margins and high import penetration. Paper [II] analyzes the impact of openness on total factor productivity (TFP) growth. Using Swedish industry level data the results show that economically integrated industries tend to be more engaged in research and development (R&D) and have more entry and exit activity than other industries. The domestic R&D intensity does not contribute to the TFP growth rate. Instead, the results imply that openness to international markets, which helps facilitate technology spillovers, has a significant impact on the growth rate. There is also some evidence suggesting that producers exiting the market are less productive, implying that such exits will increase the average productivity of the industry concerned. The purpose of Paper [III] is to design and implement a test of whether the external effect from tax base sharing among local and regional governments is internalized via the intergovernmental transfer system. The test is based on the observation that if the external effect is internalized, an increase in the income tax rate at one level of government will induce the other level to reduce its income tax rate by the corresponding amount, leaving the effective tax rate unchanged. By using panel data for the Swedish local and regional public sectors, we estimate the reaction function for the local income tax rate. The results imply that an increase in the regional income tax rate induces the municipalities in the region to decrease their income tax rates. In addition, we are able to reject the null hypothesis that the external effect from tax base sharing is internalized. Paper [IV] concerns risk-sharing, in terms of how the central government smooths personal income among municipalities via the tax and transfer systems. Using Swedish panel data, the results show that the national tax and transfer systems mitigate an adverse shock to income of one krona so that disposable income falls by 67 öre, on average. However, there are large differences across regions, where the effect on disposable income varies between 32 and 78 öre in the krona. / digitalisering@umu

The thesis analyzes economic performance the Vysočina Region, while the main focus is on the means of financing of regional development. The work is dividend into two parts. Theoretical section discusses significance and functioning of a local government in the Czech Republic and basic aspects of implementation of regional policies within international, national and regional context. The analytical part of the thesis overviews economic performance of Vysočina Region in the 2010 -- 2012 period, which was characterized by budget surpluses due to conservative budgetary policy. Secondly, the section is devoted to Vysočina's Development Programme, whereby support for regional advancement is being secured. Last but not least, it is commented on matters restraining regional advancement, such as weak services sector, thin presence of so-called high-tech industries, low proportion of college-educated population etc.

The relative importance of local and regional factors to community build-up is a core issue in contemporary ecology. Studies based on research of newly created aquatic habitats may improve understanding of these processes. We monitored zooplankton colonization rates and community assemblage in 20 newly dug and isolated temporary pools in Kokořínsko Protected Landscape Area. The region is characterised by deep stream valleys, extensive land use, low human influence, low waterfowl migration activity and practically absence of large water bodies. After the first hyproperiod all temporary pools were rebuilt to a permanent form. In contrast to expectations, in both cases we observed immediate colonization of newly created habitats by two main groups of zooplankton (crustaceans and rotifers), but only rotifers (Rotifera) were capable of fast successful establishment of viable populations. Cladocerans (Crustacea: Cladocera) and copepods (Crustacea: Copepoda) were observed rarely and usually in low abundances (< 1 ind-l ). 10 months after the filling of permanent pools one ostracod species (Crustacea: Ostracoda), Notodromas monacha, was recorded as well. During the 8 months of temporary pools existence the presence of 1 cladoceran and 1 cyclopoid copepod species and 12 rotifer taxa was recorded, icluding...

The theme of this thesis is the air transport and its dramatic and dynamic development in the last twenty years. The key driving force behind this change was the deregulation of air agreements and liberalization of international markets, which took place in the seventies in the USA and in the nineties in Europe. This work addresses specific and general effects of deregulation and the development of air transport industry and aims to identify and analyze changes of its structures in space and time. One of the major and direct impacts and consequences of deregulation is that the free market allowed the emergence of new low-cost airlines, which significantly changed the structure and trends of air transport. The changes allowed for greater mobility of people, goods and capital, and also caused a partial change in consumer behaviour of individuals and institutions, and even more interconnected global economy. The source of data and information are primarily articles in professional journals written in English. Knowledge from particular analysis and research approaches to air traffic from the first part of this work is confronted with empirical research. This was based on the statistical data of air traffic in Germany, for each airport from 1991 to 2010 and verified the theoretical concepts of the general...

This master's thesis deals with Local Action Groups (LAGs), based on the EU approach LEADER for local development, in the Czech Republic during the programming period 2014- 2020. It focuses on the ability of LAGs to acquire and pass on knowledge and to learn, as well as on their networks. Within this work, the character of acquired knowledge, means of transfer of the knowledge and forms of learning are examined. Furthermore, research focuses on LEADER networks and their internal relations as well as level of communication and trust, in order to determine the efficiency of these networks. Lastly, the institutional thickness of the environment of Czech LAGs is examined that constitutes of non-scientific institutions and technological infrastructure. Cooperation with these two types of institutions leads to creation and implementation of innovations and more effective development of the territory. The theoretical grounding and criteria of this work are based on the Theory of Learning Regions. To obtain the data, a mixed research method was used. A combination of quantitative and qualitative research was carried out in the form of a questionnaire survey, semi-structured interviews and analysis of primary documents.

This thesis deals with one of the fresh trend in media production which caught attention of both scholars and laic public. It concerns phenomenon of hyper local media. Theoretical base of this work lies in appropriation of "locality"as a distinctive attribute in terms of globalization processes. It operates with such terms as spatio- temporal changes, localization, globalization, human and place, authority and social integrity trying to contextualize these terms with media studies. Further it attempts to enlighten what are hyper local media, where can we find its roots in the field of journalism, how do they work and which advantages and disadvantages they have. Research part of the thesis studies particular Czech hyper local project of PPF Investment Company combining case study and quantitative content analysis. Main intention is to find out whether the concept of hyper local journalism is sustainable in Czech media landscape (and under which conditions) and whether it has got working business model. We are also interested in its ability of capturing and keeping new audience and delivering the different content in comparison with another available and comparable media. Keywords hyper local media - Naše adresa - PPF Media - Futuroom - locality - globalization - local and regional press -...

As mudanças climáticas globais, regionais e locais representam, na atualidade, uma das maiores preocupações da humanidade. Essas mudanças podem ocorrer tanto a partir de causas naturais quanto a partir de causas antrópicas. As áreas das cidades se caracterizam por apresentarem temperaturas mais elevadas quando comparadas com as áreas rurais. Essa anomalia térmica causa a formação de ilhas de calor e esse fenômeno é reconhecidamente importante em estudos de clima urbano. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi, através de técnicas do sensoriamento remoto, identificar e analisar as ilhas de calor do Município de Piracicaba, SP verificando sua sazonalidade, intensidade e morfologia. Para tanto foi necessário realizar uma análise climática regional e verificar a possibilidade do uso do algoritmo de transformação termal do software IDRISI 3.2 nas imagens do satélite Landsat 7. Para validar o algoritmo foram aplicados dois métodos de transformação de temperatura aparente de superfície. Para a análise climática regional foram estudados os principais elementos climáticos do Município de Piracicaba, SP utilizando-se de dados da Estação Meteorológica da ESALQ/USP entre os anos de 1950 e 2005 e estes foram correlacionados com variáveis da urbanização. Concluiu-se, com os dados encontrados, que os elementos temperatura, precipitação, umidade relativa e evaporação tiveram tendência de aumento no período estudado e todos eles foram classificados como tendências climáticas. A temperatura apresentou tendência de aumento mais acentuada e se correlacionou positivamente com o aumento da urbanização. O algoritmo de transformação do software IDRISI 3.2 para o satélite Landsat 7 foi validado, sendo uma importante ferramenta para a utilização de imagens de melhor resolução. As ilhas de calor mais intensas do verão são representadas por locais com excesso de material de construção civil e pouca ou nenhuma área verde. A diferença entre a área urbana e a área rural da cidade ultrapassou 16°C no verão. O Parque da Rua do Porto é uma ilha de frescor e exerce um "efeito oásis" no centro e nos bairros vizinhos. O perfil das ilhas de calor do Município de Piracicaba não segue aquele delimitado por OKE (1974). As ilhas de calor variam sazonal e espacialmente e a intensidade destas, ao longo das estações do ano, está intimamente relacionada com a sazonalidade da cultura da cana-deaçúcar. As ilhas de calor da época da entressafra são, em média, 3.5°C mais intensas que as da época da safra. Por fim, pode-se afirmar que o uso e a cobertura do solo rural e urbano é um dos grandes agentes modificadores do clima local e regional. / Global, regional and local climate changes represent one of the greatest concerns of humanity. Climate changes can occur through natural or anthropogenic causes. Urban areas usually present higher temperatures than rural areas. This thermal effect is called "heat-island phenomenon" and has great importance on urban climate studies. In the present work, we identified and analyzed the heat-islands from Piracicaba, São Paulo using remote sensing techniques. The heat-islands were analyzed according to its seasonality, intensity and morphology using images from Landsat 7 satellite. We performed analysis on regional climate changes and investigated the use of the IDRISI thermal algorithm to convert Landsat 7 infrared thermal data on land surface temperature (LST). In order to transform Landsat 7 infrared thermal data we used two mathematical methods. Climate changes were analyzed by monitoring the climate elements for long periods of time, enabling the visualization of directional or periodical regional changes. The main climate elements were studied using data from ESALQ meteorological station for the last 55 years (1950-2005). Temperature, relative humidity, evaporation and precipitation variation were found to be correlated with urban growth parameters. The results indicated that temperature, precipitation, relative humidity and evaporation increased during the studied period and have been classified as "climate trends". The temperature presented the more accentuated trend of increase and was positively correlated with the growing urbanization. The software IDRISI 3.2 can be used with Landsat 7 high resolution images, being a useful and rapid tool to study urban heat islands. The most intense summer heatislands were represented by regions with higher amounts of constructed areas and almost any green area. In fact, during the summer the difference between the urban and rural areas was greater than 10°C. The Rua do Porto park was identified as a fresh-island and showed the "oasis effect" to the Center and neighbouring regions. Heat-islands varied according to the season and space and its intensity is intimately related to the sugar-cane seasonality. During the intercrop period the heat-islands were 3.5°C more intense than during the crop period. In conclusion land cover and land use affect local and regional climates.

Esta tese de doutorado, que se insere no âmbito das pesquisas de comunicação e política, tem como objeto a imprensa regional ou local, a partir de uma questão crucial: teriam os jornais locais deixado de exercer o papel de controle e fiscalização do poder e, portanto, deixado de cumprir a missão de bem informar os cidadãos, acomodando-se a seguir a pauta e o enfoque dos veículos aos quais tomam de empréstimo o noticiário? Por meio de uma investigação da história do jornalismo local, conjugada com estudos empíricos acerca do discurso midiático, o presente trabalho conclui, baseado em estudos de caso e análises quantitativas e qualitativas de uma amostragem significativa de jornais locais e regionais, que a resposta a essa pergunta é \"sim\". O Brasil não conta uma imprensa local forte, o que acarreta implicações negativas para a democracia. O corpus da pesquisa foi recortado de seis veículos locais ou regionais: Comércio do Jahu-SP, Correio do Povo-RS, Diário do Rio Doce-MG, Folha do Estado da Bahia-BA, Jornal do Povo-MS e O Liberal-PA. Foram estudadas edições de cada um desses títulos, publicadas durante as crises políticas de 2015 a 2017. Além disso, profissionais responsáveis por esses conteúdos e representantes de associações de diários dos interiores e agências de notícias foram longamente entrevistados. Os resultados evidenciam o uso excessivo de notícias de segunda mão, isto é, não produzidas por equipes próprias. A análise do discurso aqui empreendida demonstrou que, no caso do impeachment de Dilma Rousseff, os seis jornais reproduziram, com ângulos praticamente idênticos e sem contextualização municipal ou regional, o discurso de Folha de S.Paulo, O Globo e O Estado de S. Paulo. Já sob o governo de Michel Temer, esses jornais procuraram se afastar da narrativa das três grandes publicações, denotando estar a serviço de interesses políticos de suas regiões. / This thesis, which belongs to the field of communication and political research, has as its subject regional or local press. Its crucial question is: would the local newspapers have abandoned their roles as watchdogs and, therefore, failed to properly inform their readers as the free press should do? Have they conformed themselves to the agenda and approach of the national newspapers from which they get the news? We started with a historical investigation of the local journalism, and we continue with empirical studies on media discourse, to conclude, based on case studies and content analysis of a significant sampling of local and regional newspapers, that the response to this question is \"yes\". Brazil does not have a strong local or regional press, which brings negative consequences for our democracy. The corpus of the research focuses on six local or regional vehicles: Comércio do Jahu-SP, Correio do Povo-RS, Diário do Rio Doce-MG, Folha do Estado da Bahia-BA, Jornal do Povo-MS and O Liberal-PA. We studied editions of each of these publications during the Brazilian political crisis of 2015 to 2017. In addition, journalists responsible for these contents and members of newspaper associations and news agencies were interviewed. The complete results show the excessive use of second-hand news, which is not produced by their own teams. The content analysis here showed that, in the case of Dilma Rousseff\'s impeachment, the six newspapers reproduced, with almost identical angles and without local contextualization, the discourse of Folha de S.Paulo, O Globo or O Estado de S. Paulo, the three major national newspapers in Brazil. But under Michel Temer government, these six newspapers sought to distance themselves from the narrative of the three major national titles, giving evidence of serving the political interests of their regions.