Hybrid organizations, such as the Royal Dramatic Theater (Dramaten) in Sweden, face the challenge of balancing conflicting institutional logics and their prescribed goals. Dramaten, as the national stage for theater, is expected to uphold high artistic standards set by its sole owner, the Swedish state. At the same time, it has efficiency goals to meet as a joint-stock company. This study aimed to understand if the quantifiability of goals, derived from different logics, impacts the prioritization of goals within hybrid organizations. Through a qualitative case study of Dramaten, the findings suggest that the most influential actor, rather than the quantifiability of goals, determines the prioritization of goals within the organization. In other words, who is giving directions seems to influence the balancing act more than the nature of the different goals. Additionally, the study found that efforts to make all goals equally measurable may not necessarily affect the prioritization of goals but can help reduce internal confusion.

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A key aspect in legitimacy from an institutional perspective is the social evaluation of collective actors that create a generalized perception that an organizations action is desirable within some socially constructed system. Based on an empirical case based research, this paper interprets legitimacy highlighting the complex dynamics in a social enterprise in regards to the dualistic institutional logics. By adapting the evaluators perspective on legitimacy, we interpret the collective actors perception on the social enterprise examining the actors from various economic sectors. We further discuss the implication of the complex dynamic arguing for the impact from the institutional setting on the perception of social enterprises, suggesting that the social welfare system influences the perception and thus the positioning of the social enterprise. Lastly, we discuss the positioning of the social enterprise and its implication on the long-term sustainability in organization.

Multi-agent planning and control is an active and increasingly studied topic of research, with many practical applications, such as rescue missions, security, surveillance, and transportation. More specifically, cases that involve complex manipulator-endowed systems  deserve extra attention due to potential complex cooperative manipulation tasks and their interaction with the environment. This thesis addresses the problem of cooperative motion- and task-planning of multi-agent and multi-agent-object systems under complex specifications expressed as temporal logic formulas. We consider manipulator-endowed robotic agents that can coordinate in order to perform, among other tasks, cooperative object manipulation/transportation. Our approach is based on the integration of tools from the following areas: multi-agent systems, cooperative object manipulation, discrete abstraction design of multi-agent-object systems, and formal verification. More specifically, we divide the main problem into three different parts.The first part is devoted to the control design for the formation control of a team of rigid-bodies, motivated by its application to cooperative manipulation schemes. We propose decentralized control protocols such that desired position and orientation-based formation between neighboring agents is achieved. Moreover, inter-agent collisions and connectivity breaks are guaranteed to be avoided. In the second part, we design continuous control laws explicitly for the cooperative manipulation/transportation of an object by a team of robotic agents. Firstly, we propose robust decentralized controllers for the trajectory tracking of the object's center of mass.  Secondly, we design model predictive control-based controllers for the transportation of the object with collision and singularity constraints. In the third part, we design discrete representations of multi-agent continuous systems and synthesize hybrid controllers for the satisfaction of complex tasks expressed as temporal logic formulas. We achieve this by combining the results of the previous parts and by proposing appropriate trajectory tracking- and potential field-based continuous control laws for the transitions of the agents among the discrete states. We consider teams of unmanned aerial vehicles and mobile manipulators as well as multi-agent-object systems where the specifications of the objects are also taken into account.Numerical simulations and experimental results verify the claimed results. / <p>QC 20180219</p>

Underlying institutional forms are normative orders which give meaning to rules, norms, practices and customs. It is only recently that scholars have seriously considered the role of normative orders in institutional dynamics. Two meta-theories of institutionalism offer competing visions of how these normative orders are invoked. The Institutional Logics Perspective calls normative orders “institutional logics” and suggest that they are invoked in a consistent stable fashion. The Pragmatist Institutionalism approach calls normative orders “anchoring concepts” and suggests that they are used in less predictable ways to produce meaning. This study introduces the concept of fidelity to capture the difference between these two approaches and test which approach may offer a more accurate account of how normative orders are invoked in practice. The study uses the case of the USCG response to melting Arctic ice to study this issue by focusing on the two most dominant normative orders of American government. The study relies on interviews conducted with USCG personnel dealing with the agency’s response to melting Artic Ice. The data is then analyzed through a narrative analysis framework. The study finds that normative orders are invoked, in this case, in a manner more closely aligned with Pragmatist Institutionalism. This finding has implications for how administrative judgement is understood especially with respect to public agencies. / Ph. D.

The main theme shared by the two main parts of this thesis is EFFICIENT AUTOMATED REASONING.Part I is focussed on a general theory underpinning a number of efficient approximate algorithms for Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSPs),the constraint propagation algorithms.In Chapter 3, we propose a Structured Generic Algorithm schema (SGI) for these algorithms. This iterates functions according to a certain strategy, i.e. by searching for a common fixpoint of the functions. A simple theory for SGI is developed by studying properties of functions and of the ways these influence the basic strategy. One of the primary objectives of our theorisation is thus the following: using SGI or some of its variations for DESCRIBINING and ANALISYING HOW the "pruning" and "propagation" process is carried through by constraint propagation algorithms.Hence, in Chapter 4, different domains of functions (e.g., domain orderings) are related to different classes of constraint propagation algorithms (e.g., arc consistency algorithms); thus each class of constraint propagation algorithms is associated with a "type" of function domains, and so separated from the others. Then we analys each such class: we distinguished functions on the same domains for their different ways of performing pruning (point or set based), and consequently differentiated between algorithms of the same class (e.g., AC-1 and AC-3 versus AC-4 or AC-5). Besides, we also show how properties of functions (e.g., commutativity or stationarity) are related to different strategies of propagation in constraint algorithms of the same class (see, for instance, AC-1 versus AC-3). In Chapter 5 we apply the SGI schema to the case of soft CSPs (a generalisation of CSPs with sort-of preferences), thereby clarifying some of the similarities and differences between the "classical" and soft constraint-propagation algorithms. Finally, in Chapter 6, we summarise and characterise all the functions used for constraint propagation; in fact, the other goal of our theorisation is abstracting WHICH functions, iterated as in SGI or its variations, perform the task of "pruning" or "propagation" of inconsistencies in constraint propagation algorithms.We focus on relations and relational structures in Part II of the thesis. More specifically, modal languages allow us to talk about various relational structures and their properties. Once the latter are formulated in a modal language, they can be passed to automated theorem provers and tested for satisfiability, with respect to certain modal logics. Our task, in this part, can be described as follows: determining the satisfiability of modal formulas in an efficient manner. In Chapter 8, we focus on one way of doing this: we refine the standard translation as the layered translation, and use existing theorem provers for first-order logic on the output of this refined translation. We provide ample experimental evidence on the improvements in performances that were obtained by means of the refinement.The refinement of the standard translation is based on the tree model property. This property is also used in the basic algorithm schema in Chapter 9 ---the original schema is due to~\cite{seb97}. The proposed algorithm proceeds layer by layer in the modal formula and in its candidate models, applying constraint propagation and satisfaction algorithms for finite CSPs at each layer. With Chapter 9, we wish to draw the attention of constraint programmers to modal logics, and of modal logicians to CSPs.Modal logics themselves express interesting problems in terms of relations and unary predicates, like temporal reasoning tasks. On the other hand, constraint algorithms manipulate relations in the form of constraints, and unary predicates in the form of domains or unary constraints, see Chapter 6. Thus the question of how efficiently those algorithms can be applied to modal reasoning problems seems quite natural and challenging.

Yes / In this conceptual paper, we respond to the calls for broader theoretical approaches that can coherently demonstrate a high degree of conceptual sensitivity to multiple combinations of institutional factors influencing women's informal entrepreneurship (WIE) and related agency. We do so by integrating constructs of gender and gender inequality with those of institutional logics and institutional voids. We find that a refined understanding of institutional voids is required to pave the way for a meaningful theoretical integration and empirical application of the related conceptualizations. We offer such a revised definition by placing formal and informal logics (rather than institutions) at the heart of it. In our theorizing, we propose that gender interplaying with formal and informal institutional logics create varying degrees of obscure and unique institutional voids that shape WIE prevalence. The proposed harmonized theoretical lens provides researchers with flexible yet consistent guidance for conducting context-specific empirical work that can coherently advance understanding of underlying logics shaping WIE and related agency. / Research Development Fund Publication Prize Award winner, Jan 2023.

A definition of abstract logic is presented. This is used to explore and compare some abstract logics, such as logics with generalised quantifiers and infinitary logics, and their properties. Special focus is given to the properties of completeness, compactness, and the Löwenheim-Skolem property. A method of comparing different logics is presented and the concept of equivalent logics introduced. Lastly a proof is given for Lindström's theorem, which provides a characterization of elementary logic, also known as first-order logic, as the strongest logic for which both the compactness property and the Löwenheim-Skolem property, holds.

In this thesis the making and experiencing of the exhibition “Sundi Mongo – A village in Congo” is examined through ethnographical interviews with former and present employees at the Museum of Ethnography in Stockholm. The interviews, together with archive material concerning the exhibition, are analyzed with discourse theory in order to examine how discourses of defining Africa construct application and interpretation of the exhibition pieces. A significant element is dislocation, where the exhibition has been standing since 1983 and the meaning of the exhibition is now expressed as changed. This change of meaning is connected to the change of exhibition ideals and changes in the perception of the exhibition model; a real village called Sundi Mongo, located in southwestern Congo. Change and continuity also concerns interpretations of the museum’s cooperation with the Swedish Missionary Association and affective practices surrounding the exhibition pieces and objects in the museum’s collections. The construction of interpretations of the exhibition pieces and objects are also analyzed with the concept of fantasy.

Den här uppsatsen undersökte hur medielogiken uttrycks i Rädda Barnens och Sverige för UNHCR:s videomaterial under flyktingkrisen september 2015. Då majoriteten av den medialiseringsrelaterade forskningen i Sverige har intresserat sig för partiledardebatter och politisk kommunikation finns det en kunskapslucka kring hur medielogiken formar andra sfärer i samhället. Denna studie avsåg att genom semiotisk analys och mulitmodal analys undersöka videomaterial i dessa två ideella organisationer, för att identifiera mediernas berättartekniker i dem. Sammanlagt analyserades fyra videoklipp i två ideella organisationers Facebook-sidor under september 2015 utifrån teorin om semiotik och medielogik. Två tydliga teman i videoklippen framträdde ur resultatet. Dessa benämnde vi som Flyktingkrisen som empati och Flyktingkrisen som verklighet. Ur dessa framkom fyra underteman. Dessa benämnde vi som dramatisering, dokumentering, reklamformat och nyhetsformat. Studiens resultat visade även att medielogiken personifiering förekommer starkt i samtliga av våra studieobjekt. Utifrån detta resultat kunde vi dra slutsatser kring genom vilka stereotyper personifieringen framkom i.   Vår studie bidrar därmed till forskningsfältet med kunskap om stereotyper av flyktingar. I tidigare forskning av Ylva Brune (1998) urskiljs två sorters stereotyper av flyktingar: offer eller hot. Vidare menar Urban Ericsson (2001) att stereotypen den duktige flyktingen tenderar att förekomma i media endast på individnivå. I vårt material fann vi att en flykting gestaltades annorlunda än de stereotyper vi fann i vår tidigare forskning. Vi valde att kalla den här kategorin flyktingen som målmedveten då denne är fast besluten att ta sig fram trots omständigheterna. Vi fann även en icke tidigare dokumenterad framställning av flyktingar som likartad publiken när det gäller välfärdsbakgrund. / The aim of this paper was to examine how media logic’s are expressed in Save the children’s and Sweden for UNHCR’s video material during the migrant crisis. Since the majority of the mediatization research in the Swedish context has focused on the party leaders and political communication, there is a lack of awareness regarding how media logic shapes other spheres in the community. This study’s objective was to examine video material through semiotic and multimodal analysis, to identify media logics. In total four videos from two nonprofit organizations, that were published in September 2015, were analyzed based on the understanding of media logics.  Two distinctive themes appeared in the results. These were titled migrant crisis as empathy and migrant crisis as reality.  From these, four subthemes appeared. These were titled dramatization, documentation, advertising formats and news format. The result shows that personalization occurs strongly in all of our study.  Our study contributes to the research field with knowledge about stereotypes of refugees. We found a new kind of stereotype that we have chosen to call the determined refugee. The choice of name for this category is based on our interpretation of a refugee as determined to survive. In addition to the study’s contribution of how the representation of refugees among nonprofit organizations now take a new form, we also found a not previously documented representation of refugees like the crowd when it comes to the welfare background.  Our study contributes to knowledge about how mediatization is expressed in strategic communication.