Submitted by Arthur Moreira Saude (arthur-moreira@hotmail.com) on 2017-04-27T16:03:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Final.pdf: 947767 bytes, checksum: ca50219ab757930a6d88422c06d48234 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by GILSON ROCHA MIRANDA (gilson.miranda@fgv.br) on 2017-04-28T19:14:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Final.pdf: 947767 bytes, checksum: ca50219ab757930a6d88422c06d48234 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-02T19:31:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Final.pdf: 947767 bytes, checksum: ca50219ab757930a6d88422c06d48234 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-31 / This paper aims to create an econometric model capable of anticipating recessions in the United States economy, one year in advance, using not only monetary market variables that are already used by economists, but also capital market variables. Using a data span from 1959 to 2016, it was observed that the yield spread continues to be an explanatory variable with excellent predictive power over recessions. Evidence has also emerged of new variables that have very high statistical significance, and which offer valuable contributions to the regressions. Out-of-sample tests have been conducted which suggest that past recessions would have been predicted with substantially higher accuracy if the proposed Probit model had been used instead of the most widespread model in the economic literature. This accuracy is evident not only in the predictive quality, but also in the reduction of the number of false positives and false negatives in the regression, and in the robustness of the out-of-sample tests. / Este trabalho visa desenvolver um modelo econométrico capaz de antecipar, com um ano de antecedência, recessões na economia dos Estados Unidos, utilizando não só variáveis dos mercados monetários, que já são indicadores antecedentes bastante utilizados por economistas, mas também dos mercados de capitais. Utilizando-se dados de 1959 a 2016, pode-se observar que o spread de juros de longo e curto prazo continua sendo uma variável explicativa com excelente poder preditivo sobre recessões. Também surgiram evidências de novas variáveis que possuem altíssimas significâncias estatísticas, e que oferecem valiosas contribuições para as regressões. Foram conduzidos testes fora da amostra que sugerem que as recessões passadas teriam sido previstas com acurácia substancialmente superior, caso o modelo Probit proposto tivesse sido utilizado no lugar do modelo mais difundido na literatura econômica. Essa acurácia é evidente não só na qualidade preditiva, mas também na redução do número de falsos positivos e falsos negativos da regressão, e na robustez dos testes fora da amostra.

Submitted by Kleber Osman (kleber.osman@icloud.com) on 2018-03-02T01:11:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Kleber Osman.pdf: 857853 bytes, checksum: 51c38d1dfdb2e92c87e2269bcc638896 (MD5) / Rejected by Thais Oliveira (thais.oliveira@fgv.br), reason: Prezado Kleber, boa noite! Para que possamos aprovar seu trabalho, será necessário que faça somente uma alteração: - Na capa, o nome "GETULIO" não tem acento. Por gentileza alterar e submeter novamente. Obrigada! on 2018-03-06T00:00:13Z (GMT) / Submitted by Kleber Osman (kleber.osman@icloud.com) on 2018-03-06T02:15:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Kleber Osman.pdf: 861905 bytes, checksum: 3478b1be8a0bd0efd15781f0c21be7cd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Thais Oliveira (thais.oliveira@fgv.br) on 2018-03-06T19:29:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Kleber Osman.pdf: 861905 bytes, checksum: 3478b1be8a0bd0efd15781f0c21be7cd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-07T13:05:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Kleber Osman.pdf: 861905 bytes, checksum: 3478b1be8a0bd0efd15781f0c21be7cd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-06 / A crise previdenciária vivenciada no decorrer dos últimos anos mostrou que seus impactos não se restringem ao desequilíbrio das contas públicas devido ao aumento dessas despesas obrigatórias, mas também efeitos sociais e econômicos negativos podem atingir toda a economia brasileira. Diante disso, esforços se direcionaram na tentativa de encontrar uma alternativa que permita desonerar as contas públicas para evitar uma crise na economia local, assim como garantir que os aposentados mantenham a mesma renda frente ao salário recebido anteriormente à aposentadoria. Neste sentido, este estudo investiga o perfil dos investidores em previdência privada, visando detectar as principais características que os diferenciam. A análise do perfil dos indivíduos que contribuem para planos de previdência privada permite que políticas de incentivo a este produto sejam melhores desenhadas e, possibilita à iniciativa privada o seu direcionamento ao público-alvo de forma mais eficiente – uma vez reveladas as variáveis socioeconômicas de maior relevância. O método utilizado na indicação desses fatores baseia-se na estimação LOGIT, que tem como objetivo principal auferir quais são as variáveis com maiores ganhos marginais que afetam a probabilidade do indivíduo participar de plano de previdência privada. E, com base nos resultados, constatou-se que as variáveis 'educação' e 'renda' são preponderantes para a inscrição do indivíduo em plano de previdência privada. / The social security crisis experienced in recent years has shown that its impacts are not restricted to the imbalance of public accounts due to the increase in these compulsory expenses, but also negative social and economic effects can affect the entire Brazilian economy. In the face of this, efforts were directed towards finding an alternative that would allow public accounts to be discharged to avoid a crisis in the local economy, as well as ensuring that retirees maintain the same income against the salary received prior to retirement. In this sense, this study investigates the profile of private pension investors in order to detect the main characteristics that differentiate them. The analysis of the profile of individuals contributing to private pension plans allows policies to encourage this product to be better designed and allows the private sector to target the target public more efficiently - once the socioeconomic variables of greater relevance. The method used to indicate these factors is based on the LOGIT estimation, whose main objective is to determine which are the variables with the greatest marginal gains that affect the probability of the individual participating in a private pension plan. And, based on the results, it was verified that the variables 'education' and 'income' are preponderant for the inscription of the individual in private pension plan.

(in English): In this thesis, I investigate preferences of humanities-oriented 3rd year students of grammar schools in their choice of university they would apply for. The theoretical part provides a summary and data for a content analysis of previous research, which I use to identify key features of universities, which may affect the choices made by students. In the methodological part, I introduce and define the conjoint analysis, which is a tool best suited for capturing the decision making process. The analysis shows that the most important factors are reputation and atmosphere. Other rather influential attributes include those proposed by other authors such as distance from home, location, peer influence and communication of the university with the prospective students. In contrast to findings from other countries though, the influence of the entry exams has been found only for students with excellent grammar school study results. This is directly contrary to the effect of this attribute in previous research. Another distinct feature of my research is the inclusion of the possibility to study abroad as an attribute, which has been completely ignored in previous studies of this type. In this case, it is the fourth most important attribute. There are tendencies which suggest that future research...

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-08T14:44:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 895241 bytes, checksum: 60e1a97ae053974ec62b9012c88a28af (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The main objective of this study is to analyse the dynamics of intergenerational educational mobility in Brazil comparing the families of migrants and nonmigrants of the main regions of origin and destination of migration, in 2000. For this purpose, we used the 2000 Census microdata from the IBGE. Empirical analysis was separated into two parts. First we used the Markov transition matrices to measure the degree of intergenerational persistence, and the second time an employee has been ordered logit model in order to estimate the main determinants of intergenerational educational mobility. The results show that the degree of mobility is higher for migrant families compared to families native to the region of origin and destination region. It appears that the effect is significant family influence on the rate of accumulation of human capital of children. However, when families flock to areas where the local effect is less severe than the overall effect or external, the persistence of parents with lower levels of schooling becomes smaller. This could be linked to the fact that the family would have better educational opportunities, since the places of destination would be better offer of public services, compared to the birthplace. / O principal objetivo deste estudo é analisar a dinâmica da mobilidade intergeracional educacional no Brasil comparando as famílias migrantes e não migrantes das principais regiões de destino e de origem da migração, no ano de 2000. Para tanto, foram utilizados os microdados do Censo Demográfico 2000 do IBGE. A análise empírica foi separada em duas partes. Primeiro utilizou-se as matrizes de transição de Markov para medir o grau de persistência intergeracional e, no segundo momento, foi empregado um modelo logit ordenado com o intuito de estimar os principais determinantes da mobilidade intergeracional educacional. Os resultados apontam que o grau de mobilidade é maior para as famílias migrantes, quando comparadas às famílias nativas da região de origem e da região de destino. Verifica-se que o efeito familiar tem expressiva influência sobre o ritmo de acumulação de capital humano dos filhos. No entanto, quando as famílias migram para áreas onde o efeito local tem menor intensidade que o efeito global ou externo, a persistência educacional de pais com níveis mais baixos de escolaridade se torna menor. Isso poderia estar associado ao fato de que a família teria melhores oportunidades educacionais, uma vez que nos locais de destino haveria uma oferta melhor de serviços públicos, quando comparado ao local de nascimento.

The growth of micro-credit along with the excellent conditions to carry out microfinance activity in the economy and financial system of the Republic of Peru are pushing for Microfinance Institutions (IMF) increased competition with banks in this segment business. Like in commercial banks, in microfinance questions such as: is this customer profitable?, What is the credit limit that I must accept to his/her application?, What interest rate should I charge to him/ her?, How I can reduce the risk default?, etc., are matters to be assessed properly. We propose a method that could facilitate improvement in customer qualification between failed and not failed. To this end, we propose a methodology that analyzes credit risk in the provision of microcredit through the design of a credit scoring model that we apply to a Development Agency for Small and Micro Enterprise (EDPYME), which is an IMF under the supervision by the Banking and Insurance Superintendency (SBS). / El crecimiento del número de microcréditos junto con las excelentes condiciones para llevar a cabo la actividad microfinanciera en la economía y sistema financiero de la República de Perú están impulsando a las instituciones de microfinanzas (IMF) a una mayor competencia con las entidades bancarias por este segmento de negocio. Al igual que en la banca comercial, en microfinanzas preguntas tales como: ¿conviene este cliente?, ¿cuál es el límite de crédito que debo aceptar a su solicitud?, ¿qué tasa de interés debo cobrar?, ¿cómo puedo reducir el riesgo de impago?, etc., son cuestiones que deben valorarse de forma adecuada. Este trabajo plantea un método que podría facilitar una mejora en la calificación de los clientes fallidos y no fallidos. Para ello, se propone una metodología que analiza el riesgo de crédito en la concesión de microcréditos mediante el diseño de un modelo de credit scoring aplicado a una entidad de desarrollo de la pequeña y micro empresa (EDPYME), IMF sometida a supervisión por la Superintendencia en Bancay Seguros (SBS).

La crise financière globale de 2007-2009 a révélé la fragilité des banques modernes ainsi que les carences de la réglementation. A la suite de la crise, le secteur bancaire a connu des réformes réglementaires importantes : renforcement de la régulation micro-prudentielle, mise en place de dispositifs ayant des objectifs macroprudentiels et diverses initiatives de séparation des activités. Dans ce contexte, cette thèse, en s’appuyant sur les données américaines, essaie dans un premier temps d’expliquer la vulnérabilité des banques par leurs caractéristiques financières et leur structure organisationnelle. Ensuite, la thèse propose une analyse de l’efficacité de certains nouveaux outils dans le cadre des réformes. Nous trouvons les résultats suivants : 1) Le risque de faillite est plus élevé chez les banques qui adoptent des stratégies agressives pendant la période d’euphorie économique et qui se financent par des fonds instables. Une maison-mère saine (bien capitalisée et rentable) est une source de force des filiales bancaires. Cela vient étayer l’introduction du coussin de capital contracyclique et du ratio de liquidité dans Bâle III. 2) La diversification des activités contribue à la baisse du risque bancaire alors que les engagements croissants en activités non-traditionnelles volatiles semble rendre les banques plus vulnérables. Ceci conforte la nécessité d'une réforme structurelle pour certaines banques universelles. 3) Les ratios de levier prévoient mieux la probabilité de faillite des grandes banques que le ratio pondéré par les risques, tandis que les deux types de ratios sont aussi efficaces pour prévoir la faillite des petites banques. Ce résultat souligne l’importance du renforcement de la réglementation des banques systémiques et implique sa mise en œuvre. / The 2007-2009 global financial crisis reveals the fragility of modern banking sector and the flaws in bank regulation. In the wake of the crisis, an important number of reforms are carried out: enhancement of micro-prudential regulation, introduction of macro-prudential instruments and separation of activities. In this context, this thesis, using detailed information on the U.S. banking sector, tries to explain bank vulnerability by their financial characteristics and organizational structure. Then the thesis analyzes the efficiency of some new regulatory instruments. Our findings are the following: 1) Banks adopting an aggressive business model in economic boom and banks funded massively with instable liabilities are more likely to fail. A healthy (well-capitalized and profitable) bank holding company is a source of strength for its bank subsidiaries. These findings support the introduction of the countercyclical capital buffer and of the requirements on liquidity in the Basel III framework. 2) A high degree of diversification across different banking activities is associated with important risk reduction benefits while the expansion in non-traditional activities seems to make banks more vulnerable. This indicates the necessity of structural reform for certain universal banks. 3) The leverage ratios are more efficient in predicting failures of large banks than the risk-weighted capital ratio whereas the two types of capital ratios predict the failures of small banks as well as each other. These findings go in line with the reinforcement of regulation on systemically important banks.

Les crises monétaires sont les premières crises financières de l'histoire économique. Elles se traduisent par l'élimination ou la substitution des monnaies nationales. L'objectif de cette thèse est de poser les fondements théoriques et empiriques des crises monétaires, mais également de proposer un cadre de prévention de ce type de crise qui sévit en zone euro depuis 2008. Les débats économiques et politiques actuels autour des questions de désintégration monétaire témoignent de la persistance et de l'ampleur de la crise, où la légitimité et la souveraineté de la monnaie unique est menacée à moyen long terme. Les divers plans de sauvetage et les politiques d'austérité dans les pays-membres en difficulté ne sont que les conséquences et les coûts directs d'une telle crise. Ces derniers doivent interpeller les autorités de supervision à une plus grande vigilance, ainsi qu'à une politique de prévention plus avisée. L'objectif de cette thèse est double : dans une première partie, nous analysons le concept, les fondements historiques et théoriques des crises monétaires, puis dressons une typologie de celles-ci. Dans une seconde partie, nous apportons une contribution empirique relative aux déterminants des crises monétaires en zone euro et proposons un outil de prévention des crises monétaires, grâce à la mise en place d'un système d'alerte avancée (Early Warning System), par l'approche économétrique de type logit multinomial. Pour ce faire, la détection et la mesure des mésalignements des taux de change réels à l'intérieur de la zone euro est cruciale, puisqu'il constitue l'indicateur premier des crises monétaires. L'estimation des taux de change d'équilibre permettent ainsi d'apprécier la sur ou sous-évaluation des monnaies, indispensable à la mise en place d'un système d'alerte avancée, à des fins de prévention des crises monétaires. / Monetary crises are the first financial crises in economic history, which result in the elimination or substitution of national currencies. The aim of this thesis is to study the theoretical and empirical foundations of monetary crises. Furthermore, a framework for the prevention of such crises, raging in the Euro zone since 2008, is provided. The current economic and political debates about this issue reflect the persistence and the extent of this crisis, in which the Euro's legitimacy and sovereignty is threatened in the medium term. The various rescue plans and austerity policies in troubled member states are direct consequences and costs of this crisis. Consequently, supervisory authorities need to be more vigilant in strengthening their prevention policy. The purpose of this thesis is twofold: in the first part, we analyze the concept, the historical and theoretical foundations of monetary crises, and then develop a typology of them. In the second part, we provide an empirical contribution on the determinants of monetary crises in the euro area and propose a tool for preventing currency crises by setting up an Early Warning System, through the econometric approach of the multinomial logit model. As the primary indicator of monetary crises, the detection and measurement of real exchange rate misalignments within the euro area is decisive. The equilibrium exchange rates estimation allows the assessment of currency over- or undervaluation, which is essential for the implementation of an early warning system

Submitted by Lúcia Brandão (lucia.elaine@live.com) on 2015-07-20T18:28:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Lucivaldo Breves da Silva.pdf: 1282060 bytes, checksum: 57d59b56ab76e5492f4ea3221fed507f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-07-22T13:34:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Lucivaldo Breves da Silva.pdf: 1282060 bytes, checksum: 57d59b56ab76e5492f4ea3221fed507f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-07-22T13:38:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Lucivaldo Breves da Silva.pdf: 1282060 bytes, checksum: 57d59b56ab76e5492f4ea3221fed507f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T13:38:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Lucivaldo Breves da Silva.pdf: 1282060 bytes, checksum: 57d59b56ab76e5492f4ea3221fed507f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-28 / Não informada / This research deals with the economic valuation of environmental assets derived from reforestation of the city of Manaus. Was drawn from the following guiding problematic: the urban population of the city of Manaus-AM realizes the value associated with environmental assets derived from reforestation of public thoroughfares of the city? The study was structured based on the following general objective: to show whether people realize the economic value associated with environmental assets arising from urban trees in Manaus. As an outcome, were outlined specific objectives of the work: check if there willingness to pay on the part of the respondents with regard to urban areas of Manaus; determine the value of willingness to pay for the environmental benefits of urban trees in Manaus; relate cause effect of socioeconomic variable in relation to the value of willingness to pay estimated. Was taken as a starting point two hypotheses: H0: the population of Manaus did not realize the economic value of environmental assets derived from reforestation of the city of Manaus (WTP = 0); H1: the population of Manaus realize the economic value of environmental assets derived from reforestation of the city of Manaus (WTP ≠ 0). To estimate the DAP questionnaires to a group of 270 respondents, applied the six administrative districts of the city of Manaus-AM, involving selected aged above 18 years were applied. The WTP values suggested were estimated based on a pre-test in which the respondent stipulated the monetary value that would be willing to pay. The estimate of DAP was made from the use of linear models probability (MPL), and logistical probit (model Iogit), as well as logit model. As for the results, it was found that the population perceives the economic value associated with environmental assets arising from urban trees in Manaus, with a median value of willingness to pay for the environmental benefits of urban trees of R $ 39.53 monthly, for interviewee. The findings also showed that among all variables considered, only age was introduced as a determinant for the willingness of respondents to accept the DAP. / Esta pesquisa trata da valoração econômica de ativos ambientais provenientes da arborização da cidade de Manaus, AM. Foi elaborada a partir da seguinte problemática norteadora: a população urbana da cidade de Manaus-AM percebe o valor associado aos ativos ambientais proveniente da arborização dos logradouros público da cidade? O estudo foi estruturado com base no seguinte objetivo geral: evidenciar se a população percebe o valor econômico associado aos ativos ambientais decorrentes da arborização urbana da cidade de Manaus. Como desdobramento, foram delineados como objetivos específicos do trabalho: verificar se existia disposição a pagar, por parte dos entrevistados no que diz respeito à arborização urbana da cidade de Manaus; determinar o valor da disposição a pagar pelos benefícios ambientais da arborização urbana na cidade de Manaus; relacionar a causa efeito da variável socioeconômica em relação ao valor de disposição a pagar estimado. Tomou-se como ponto de partida duas hipóteses: H0: a população de Manaus não percebe valor econômico dos ativos ambientais provenientes da arborização da cidade de Manaus (disposição a pagar = 0); H1: a população de Manaus percebe valor econômico dos ativos ambientais provenientes da arborização da cidade de Manaus (disposição a pagar ≠0). Para estimar o DAP foram aplicados questionários a um grupo de 270 entrevistados, aplicados nas seis zonas administrativas da cidade de Manaus-AM, envolvendo pessoas selecionadas na faixa etária acima de 18 anos. Os valores de DAP sugeridos foram estimados com base num pré-teste, no qual o entrevistado estipulou o valor monetário que estaria disposto a pagar. A estimativa de DAP foi feita a partir do emprego dos modelos de probabilidade linear (MPL), probit e logístico (Iogit model), bem como o modelo LOGIT. Quanto aos resultados, constatou-se que a população percebe o valor econômico associado aos ativos ambientais decorrentes da arborização urbana da cidade de Manaus, sendo o valor mediano da disposição a pagar pelos benefícios ambientais da arborização urbana de R$ 39,53 mensal, por entrevistado. Os achados também evidenciaram que dentre todas as variáveis consideradas, somente a idade apresentou-se como determinante para a disposição dos pesquisados em aceitar a DAP.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-06-10T11:42:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 julianagoncalvestaveira.pdf: 1804737 bytes, checksum: 4acd7844c33eb68437a0a59689439ae9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-13T13:47:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 julianagoncalvestaveira.pdf: 1804737 bytes, checksum: 4acd7844c33eb68437a0a59689439ae9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-13T13:47:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 julianagoncalvestaveira.pdf: 1804737 bytes, checksum: 4acd7844c33eb68437a0a59689439ae9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-10 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Essa dissertação se baseia na suposição teórica de que a distância tecnológica entre os setores reduz a propensão à mobilidade laboral intersetorial. Do ponto de vista empírico, o trabalho usa um painel com dados individuais da RAIS-Migra e dados setoriais da PINTEC e de insumo-produto, para os anos de 2003 a 2008. Estimaram-se modelos econométricos logit multinomial e logit multinomial com interceptos aleatórios, via GLLAMM (generalized linear latente and mixed models), para as subamostras de dados longitudinais de indivíduos qualificados e não qualificados e trabalhadores de setores intensivos e não intensivos em tecnologia. O método GLLAMM prescinde da suposição de independência das alternativas relevantes e, ao mesmo tempo, controla para as características não observáveis. A comparação dos resultados obtidos com os dois métodos mostra constância dos sinais dos coeficientes estimados, embora possam ser observadas variações em suas magnitudes e significâncias. Portanto, aponta-se para a necessidade do controle para as características individuais não observadas. Como principais resultados, destaca-se que a difusão tecnológica aumenta as chances de mudança de emprego em quase todos os tipos de mobilidade, para todas as subamostras. Em relação à inovação tecnológica, observam-se efeitos positivos e negativos na relação entre mobilidade e inovação. No primeiro caso, argumenta-se que a assimilação do conhecimento produzido externamente facilita tal mobilidade, enquanto que, no segundo caso, a inovação torna o conhecimento do trabalhador mais específico e, assim, aumenta a distância tecnológica entre os setores. Destaca-se ainda que as variáveis tecnológicas possuem maior importância para os trabalhadores qualificados do que para os não qualificados. Ademais, quando se analisa os setores não intensivos, uma nova tecnologia pode na verdade contribuir para a redução da distância entre os setores, assim, o impacto positivo da variável de inovação ocorre quando além de uma mudança de firma, há uma mudança de setor. / This thesis is based on the theoretical assumption that the technology distance among industries reduces the probability to intersectoral labor mobility. From the empirical point of view, this paper uses a labor market micro data from Brazilian Ministry of Labor - RAIS-Migra and manufacturing data from Technological Innovation Survey (PINTEC) and input-output tables, both stemming from Brazilian Statistical and Census Office (IBGE), for the years 2003 to 2008. We estimate the multinomial logit and the multinomial logit with random intercepts, via GLLAMM (generalized linear latent and mixed models), for four longitudinal data subsamples, such as skilled and unskilled workers and intensive and non-intensive technology manufacturing industries. The GLLAMM method is not based on the assumption of independence of the irrelevant alternative, and at the same time, it controls for unobservable characteristics. Using both methods, we reach robustness of the results, considering the signs of the estimated coefficients, even though there are differences in their significance and magnitude in some cases. As main results, we find that the technology diffusion increases the chances of a job change in almost all types of mobility for all subsamples. Focusing on technological innovation, there are positive and negative relationships between mobility and innovation. In the first case, it is argued that the assimilation of the knowledge externally produced increases the mobility. In the second case, the innovation makes the worker’s knowledge more specific and therefore increases the technological distance among the industries. It’s worth noticing that the technological variables are more important for skilled workers than for unskilled workers. Furthermore, when analyzing the non-intensive technology industries, a new technology can actually help to reduce the distance between the sectors, so the positive impact of innovation flow occurs when there is a change of both firm and industry.

Managed lane refers to the application of various operational and design strategies on highway facilities to improve system efficiency and mobility by proactively allocating traffic capacity to different lanes. One of the key elements to understand the behavior changes and underlying causalities in user responses to managed lanes is to examine the value of time (VOT) and value of reliability (VOR). The breadth of this dissertation encompasses two major dimensions of VOT and VOR estimation – distributions or variations across different users and under different circumstances; and influences of unobserved attitudinal characteristics on roadway pricing valuation. To understand travelers’ choice behavior regarding the usage of managed lanes, combined revealed preference (RP) and stated preference (SP) data were used in this study. Mixed logit modeling was applied as the state of the art methodology to capture heterogeneity in users’ choice behavior. The model revealed an average value of $10.68 per hour for VOT and $13.91 per hour for VOR, which are reasonable considering the average household income in the region, and are well within the ranges found in the literature. In terms of user heterogeneity, the mixed logit model was further enhanced by adding interaction effects of variables, which helped recognize and quantify potential sources of heterogeneity in user sensitivities to time, reliability, and cost. The findings indicated that travelers were likely to exhibit higher willingness to pay when they were female, younger (years), older (>54 years), had higher income (> 50 K), driving alone, and traveled on weekdays. Attitudinal aspects are rarely incorporated into roadway pricing analysis. The study herein presents an effort to explore the role of attitudinal factors in drivers’ propensity toward using managed lanes. Model results boded for a significant contribution of attitudinal parameters in the model, both in terms of coefficients and model performance. This study provides a robust approach to quantify user heterogeneity in VOT and VOR and capture the impacts of attitudinal attributes in pricing valuation. The results of this study contribute to a better understanding on what attributes lead to higher or lower VOT and VOR and to what extent.