O presente trabalho tem como finalidade demonstrar a relação entre Antropologia Filosófica e Direito a partir de duas correntes caracterizadas como antagônicas e seus respectivos expoentes: o personalismo de Lon Fuller e o economicismo de Richard Posner. Para tal, procuraremos primeiramente delimitar os conceitos com os quais trabalharemos: Antropologia Filosófica, Direito, Personalismo e Economicismo. Em seguida, apresentaremos os autores, centrando-nos principalmente na fundamentação jurídica de seu pensamento e na repercussão prática de suas teorias para evidenciar em que medida a base antropológica influencia a concepção de Direito e a ordem social. Concluiremos destacando a necessidade do conhecimento antropológico na formação jurídica no sentido de facilitar a compreensão das diversas teorias e sua consonância com os fins do Direito. / The present work aims to demonstrate the relation between Philosophical Anthropology and Law through two antagonic mainstreams and respective exponents: Lon Fuller´s personalism and the economicism of Richard Posner. For this goal, we will first offer the concepts we will be dealing with: Philosophical Anthropology, Law, Personalism and Economicism. Then, we will present the authors, mainly focusing on the legal fundamentals of their thought and practical repercussions of the theories in order to evidence how anthropological basis influence the conception of Law and the social order. To conclude, we will highlight the necessity of anthropological knowledge in legal education to facilitate the comprehension of different theories and its consonance with the ends of Law.

O presente trabalho tem como finalidade demonstrar a relação entre Antropologia Filosófica e Direito a partir de duas correntes caracterizadas como antagônicas e seus respectivos expoentes: o personalismo de Lon Fuller e o economicismo de Richard Posner. Para tal, procuraremos primeiramente delimitar os conceitos com os quais trabalharemos: Antropologia Filosófica, Direito, Personalismo e Economicismo. Em seguida, apresentaremos os autores, centrando-nos principalmente na fundamentação jurídica de seu pensamento e na repercussão prática de suas teorias para evidenciar em que medida a base antropológica influencia a concepção de Direito e a ordem social. Concluiremos destacando a necessidade do conhecimento antropológico na formação jurídica no sentido de facilitar a compreensão das diversas teorias e sua consonância com os fins do Direito. / The present work aims to demonstrate the relation between Philosophical Anthropology and Law through two antagonic mainstreams and respective exponents: Lon Fuller´s personalism and the economicism of Richard Posner. For this goal, we will first offer the concepts we will be dealing with: Philosophical Anthropology, Law, Personalism and Economicism. Then, we will present the authors, mainly focusing on the legal fundamentals of their thought and practical repercussions of the theories in order to evidence how anthropological basis influence the conception of Law and the social order. To conclude, we will highlight the necessity of anthropological knowledge in legal education to facilitate the comprehension of different theories and its consonance with the ends of Law.

O presente trabalho tem como finalidade demonstrar a relação entre Antropologia Filosófica e Direito a partir de duas correntes caracterizadas como antagônicas e seus respectivos expoentes: o personalismo de Lon Fuller e o economicismo de Richard Posner. Para tal, procuraremos primeiramente delimitar os conceitos com os quais trabalharemos: Antropologia Filosófica, Direito, Personalismo e Economicismo. Em seguida, apresentaremos os autores, centrando-nos principalmente na fundamentação jurídica de seu pensamento e na repercussão prática de suas teorias para evidenciar em que medida a base antropológica influencia a concepção de Direito e a ordem social. Concluiremos destacando a necessidade do conhecimento antropológico na formação jurídica no sentido de facilitar a compreensão das diversas teorias e sua consonância com os fins do Direito. / The present work aims to demonstrate the relation between Philosophical Anthropology and Law through two antagonic mainstreams and respective exponents: Lon Fuller´s personalism and the economicism of Richard Posner. For this goal, we will first offer the concepts we will be dealing with: Philosophical Anthropology, Law, Personalism and Economicism. Then, we will present the authors, mainly focusing on the legal fundamentals of their thought and practical repercussions of the theories in order to evidence how anthropological basis influence the conception of Law and the social order. To conclude, we will highlight the necessity of anthropological knowledge in legal education to facilitate the comprehension of different theories and its consonance with the ends of Law.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-04-08T22:35:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CleberDeMesquitaAndrade_TESE.pdf: 1956935 bytes, checksum: b2ca1cf3e0006c3f5cc5877261077f97 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-04-11T20:25:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 CleberDeMesquitaAndrade_TESE.pdf: 1956935 bytes, checksum: b2ca1cf3e0006c3f5cc5877261077f97 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-11T20:25:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CleberDeMesquitaAndrade_TESE.pdf: 1956935 bytes, checksum: b2ca1cf3e0006c3f5cc5877261077f97 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-12 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / O perfil cl?nico com classifica??o das formas cl?nicas e a gravidade da doen?a de Chagas foram avaliados em indiv?duos sororreativos para o Trypanosoma cruzi procedentes da mesorregi?o Oeste Potiguar. Neste estudo transversal foram inclu?dos 186 indiv?duos adultos, entre 23 a 78 anos de idade. Todos os indiv?duos foram submetidos ? avalia??o cl?nica, aplicado um question?rio cl?nicoepidemiol?gico e realizados eletrocardiograma de repouso, ecocardiograma transtor?cico, radiografia simples de t?rax e contrastadas de es?fago e c?lon. O Holter foi realizado em 98 pacientes e aplicado escores de risco de acidente vascular encef?lico isqu?mico e morte. A forma cl?nica indeterminada foi detectada em 51,6% (96/186) dos pacientes, a card?aca em 32,2% (60/186), a digestiva em 8,1% (15/186) e a cardiodigestiva em 8,1% (15/186). Dos pacientes com a forma cl?nica digestiva, 7,0% (13/186) apresentaram diferentes grupos de megaes?fago (I a IV) e 12,9% (24/186) apresentaram megac?lon de grau 1 a 3. Destes, 29,2% (7/24) com ambos os ?rg?os afetados. As altera??es eletrocardiogr?ficas foram observadas em 48,9% (91/186) dos pacientes e a arritmia ventricular complexa presente em 41,8% (41/98). Desses pacientes, 10,2% (19/186) apresentaram cardiomegalia, o aneurisma apical foi diagnosticado em 10,8% (20/186) e, as altera??es da contratilidade mioc?rdica segmentar do ventr?culo esquerdo em 33,9% (63/186). Em 7,5% (14/186) dos pacientes foi detectada insufici?ncia card?aca com classes funcionais que variam de I a IV. A classifica??o da insufici?ncia card?aca por est?dios demonstrou que 36,4% (24/66), 30,3% (20/66), 15,2% (10/66), 13,6% (9/66) e 4,5% (3/66) dos pacientes apresentaram est?gios A, B1, B2, C e D, respectivamente. O escore de estratifica??o de risco de acidente vascular encef?lico isqu?mico identificou 80,6% (150/186) dos pacientes em baixo risco, 15,6% (29/186) em moderado e 3,8% (7/186) em alto risco. O escore de risco de morte foi aplicado em 84 pacientes e 69,0% (58/84) mostraram baixo risco, 25,0% (21/84) intermedi?rio e 6,0% (5/84) alto risco. Os resultados demonstraram a exist?ncia das principais formas cl?nicas da doen?a de Chagas em diferentes est?gios de evolu??o, inclusive o registro da forma digestiva isolada; observou-se que um quarto dos pacientes com a forma indeterminada deveria ser considerado cardiopatas subcl?nicos ou pelo menos, pacientes de maior potencial evolutivo para outras formas cl?nicas ou fase pr?- cl?nica, e confirmou-se a exist?ncia de correla??o positiva entre o escore de risco de morte e seus principais determinantes, insufici?ncia card?aca, morte s?bita e acidente vascular encef?lico isqu?mico, oferecendo mais um elemento para a tomada de condutas frente ao chag?sico cardiopata.

Cytosolic protein degradation is crucial for cellular homeostasis as it orchestrates protein turnover by destruction of misfolded, unstable and abnormal proteins. This process has two main stages: (i) an ATP-dependent stage mediated by unfoldases and proteases, and (ii) an ATP-independent stage mediated by various peptidases. The ATP dependent proteases recognise target proteins and cleave them into smaller peptides. These enzymes comprise the ATPase-family-associated-with-various-cellular-activities domain that is important for unfolding target proteins. Subsequently, unfolded proteins enter a barrel-shaped proteolytic chamber, an architecture conserved throughout prokaryotes, archea and eukaryotes, where the peptide bond is hydrolysed in an ATP-independent manner. The smaller peptides released are broken down by ATP-independent peptidases into free amino acids recycled into the cellular pool. In prokaryotes, major cellular protein degradation functions are performed by Clp and Lon proteases. Earlier studies in our laboratory have shown the role of an ATP-independent peptidase, AminopeptidaseN, in sodium salicylate (NaSal) induced growth inhibition. NaSal belongs to the family of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and its acetyl ester, Aspirin, is a very widely used analgesic. It is produced by plants as a defence response and is known to cause different effects, including xenobiotic stress i. e. stress mediated by compounds which are not naturally produced or expected to be present in the organism in bacteria. In bacteria, salicylate modulates outer membrane proteins, virulence factors, and reduces motility. In addition, NaSal is able induce “phenotypic antibiotic resistance” by binding to MarR and de-repressing the mar operon. NaSal promotes the dissociation of MarR from the promoter site leading to transcription of MarA, a transcription factor that induces several genes that encode the AcrAB-TolC pump which effluxes multiple antibiotics from the cell. The present study investigates the possible roles of ATP-dependent proteases, Lon and Clp, during growth reduction of E. coli induced with high (2-3 mM) amounts of NaSal. The growth of the Lon mutant (lon), but not clpP, was found to be greatly reduced with high doses of NaSal in the media. Our hypothesis was that the lack of Lon led to the accumulation of high amounts of substrate proteins, which led to its greater sensitivity with high doses of NaSal. To identify the substrate protein/s and to better understand the mechanism of action, single and double mutants (with lon) of E. coli lacking several prominent Lon substrates, i.e. MarA, RcsA, StpA, SulA and UmuD, were generated and screened for rescue of growth with 2-3 mM NaSal. MarA, a transcription factor, was identified to be important during NaSal-induced growth reduction. It modulates outer membrane proteins and induces the AcrAB-TolC pump that increases the efflux of antibiotics from the cell. Also, RT-PCR analysis revealed that the levels of marA and its targets, acrA and acrB, were higher in the lon strain suggesting that the MarA protein levels were stabilised the cell in the absence of Lon. Further studies using approriate strains demonstrated that one of the effectors of MarA, i.e. the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump, was not involved in the NaSal-induced growth inhibition of lon. Therefore, in presence of higher doses of NaSal, MarA is upregulated due to de-repression of the operon. The levels of MarA are regulated by Lon via degradation but in the absence of Lon, MarA levels are stabilised and lead to upregulation of MarA and its target genes like AcrAB-TolC. This study identifies higher amounts of MarA to be responsible for NaSal-induced growth inhibition of lon. Subsequently, experiments were conducted to demonstrate the role of MarA and its targets in antibiotic resistance with low dose (0.5 mM) NaSal that does not affect growth. This low dose of NaSal was able to upregulate marA and its target genes, acrA, acrB and tolC. Quantification of antibiotic resistance further revealed an induction in resistance by 0.5 mM NaSal in a MarA- and AcrB-dependent fashion. Studies using atomic force microscopy demonstrated that ciprofloxacin-induced cell elongation was lower in lon due to higher levels of MarA. Therefore, low dose of NaSal is capable of upregulating MarA and inducing antibiotic resistance but does not affect cell growth. This part of the study addresses the roles of Lon protease, its substrate MarA and MarA-induced targets, e.g. AcrB, during NaSal-mediated growth reduction and antibiotic resistance. The factors contributing to antibiotic resistance in bacteria are an important area of study for the global public health care system. Antibiotic resistance can be acquired by transmittance of genetic material, accumulation of antibiotic resistant mutations in the target molecule or can be induced by certain compounds present in the environment like NaSal. For rapid identification of compounds that may behave in a similar fashion as NaSal, a 96-well plate based screen was developed utilising the growth inhibition feature of the lon strain. The compounds were selected on the basis of their structural (phenolic compounds) and functional (Non-Steroidal Anti Inflammatory Drugs or NSAIDs) similarity to NaSal. Through this screen, four compounds were identified that lowered the growth of lon more than that of wild type strain and may be important in inducing phenotypic antibiotic resistance: Acetaminophen (anti-pyretic), Ibuprofen (NSAID), and two phenolic uncouplers, Carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP) and 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP). Notably, another compound Phenylbutazone (NSAID), which is used to lower inflammation in animals, did not reduce the growth of E. coli. RNA expression analysis revealed that these four compounds, but not phenylbutazone, induced the expression of marA and its target gene involved in antibiotic efflux, acrB. Furthermore, dose dependent and comparative studies with Nasal demonstrated differential effects of these four compounds in inducing antibiotic resistance with respect to ciprofloxacin, tetracycline and nalidixic acid. The two uncouplers were much more effective in inducing antibiotic resistance at lower doses than the NSAIDs. As NSAIDs are clinically important compounds, the study suggests that it would be desirable to screen them for induction of antibiotic resistance. The approach elucidated in this study has the potential to identify additional compounds present in the environment that may contribute to antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Overall, this study delineates the roles of Lon protease and its substrate, MarA, during NaSal-mediated responses, involving antibiotic resistance and/or growth reduction in E. coli. In addition, four other compounds were identified that could induce phenotypic antibiotic resistance in E. coli in a MarA-dependent manner. These observations may have implications in the adaptation of bacteria under different environmental conditions.

Deals with analysis and battery charging NiCd, NiMH, Li-Ion through a series of microcontroller from Atmel AVR controlled and powered from a PC via USB. Part is devoted to the characteristics of the USB interface and software capabilities to the enumeration AVR microcontroller. It also contains the basic characteristics of charged batteries, including the known methods of charging. The second half of the tehesis then provides a complete design and implementation of battery chargers, which consists of electronic parts, ATMEGA168 microcontroller program and the program for the PC. Presents circuit diagram of the charger and flowcharts of the main features of the program. The result of this thesis is functional battery charger above types. Attachments include a proposal DPS, a full circuit diagram and the charge and discharge characteristics of cells. The thesis is also referred to annex to the optical disk. Here it is mainly programs for microcontroller and PC. They are listed here as well as individual projects for AVR Studio, Borland Builder C + + and Eagle, which was created by chargers.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:13:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ToshiyukiNJ.pdf: 11006628 bytes, checksum: da763274130c0b79f55fd708108d98c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-05 / Micro and nanoparticulate systems as drug delivery carriers have achieved successful therapeutic use by enhancing efficacy and reducing toxicity of potent drugs. The improvement of pharmaceutical grade polymers has allowed the development of such therapeutic systems. Microencapsulation is a process in which very thin coatings of inert natural or synthetic polymeric materials are deposited around microsized particles of solids or around droplets. Products thus formed are known as microparticles. Xylan is a natural polymer abundantly found in nature. It is the most common hemicellulose, representing more than 60% of the polysaccharides existing in the cell walls of corn cobs, and is normally degraded by the bacterial enzymes present in the colon of the human body. Therefore, this polymer is an eligible material to produce colon-specific drug carriers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the technological potential of xylan for the development of colon delivery systems for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. First, coacervation was evaluated as a feasible method to produce xylan microcapsules. Afterwards, interfacial cross-linking polymerization was studied as a method to produce microcapsules with hydrophilic core. Additionally, magnetic xylan-coated microcapsules were prepared in order to investigate the ability of producing gastroresistant systems. Besides, the influence of the external phase composition on the production and mean diameter of microcapsules produced by interfacial cross-linking polymerization was investigated. Also, technological properties of xylan were determined in order to predict its possible application in other pharmaceutical dosage forms / Os sistemas micro e nanoparticulados t?m sido cada vez mais utilizados por promoverem um aumento da efic?cia de um determinado medicamento bem como redu??o da toxicidade de f?rmacos potentes. A descoberta e pesquisa de materiais polim?ricos, naturais e sint?ticos, permitiram o desenvolvimento de in?meros sistemas terap?uticos. A microencapsula??o ? um processo com o qual finas camadas de um revestimento constitu?das de uma mat?ria prima polim?rica inerte, de origem natural ou sint?tica, s?o depositadas ao redor de part?culas s?lidas micronizadas ou got?culas. A xilana ? um pol?mero natural abundantemente encontrado na natureza, representando mais de 60% dos polissacar?deos presentes na parede celular dos vegetais de grande porte, entre eles o sabugo de milho. Ela ? normalmente digerida em n?vel de c?lon durante a degrada??o residual de carboidratos, realizada por um conjunto de enzimas bacterianas existentes no trato gastro intestinal. Desta maneira, este pol?mero tornou-se uma mat?ria prima eleg?vel para o desenvolvimento de carreadores c?lon espec?ficos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o potencial tecnol?gico da xilana para o desenvolvimento de uma formula??o visando a libera??o de f?rmacos no c?lon para o tratamento de dist?rbios inflamat?rios intestinais. Inicialmente, foi avaliado a capacidade de xilana formar micropart?culas pela t?cnica da coacerva??o. Posteriormente, foi estudada uma nova t?cnica de obten??o de microc?psulas com n?cleo hidrof?lico pela t?cnica da reticula??o polim?rica interfacial. Depois, sua habilidade de formar sistemas gastrorresistentes foi avaliada com as micropart?culas magn?ticas, em seguida, foi avaliada a influ?ncia da composi??o da fase externa na produ??o e di?metro m?dio das microc?psulas de xilana produzidas por reticula??o interfacial, bem como as propriedades tecnol?gicas da xilana, visando a sua aplica??o em outras formas farmac?uticas

Um dos desafios mais importantes para a indústria de bens eletrônicos de consumo é o desenvolvimento de um dispositivo mostrador de informação (display) que tenda aos requisitos de alta qualidade de imagem, grande área, baixo consumo de energia e baixo custo. O display de comissão de campo (field emission display, ou FED) representa a tecnologia com maior potencial para atender a estes requisitos. No entanto a baixa durabilidade e a baixa confiabilidade dos protótipos baseados em emissores metálicos impedem que esta tecnologia entre no mercado. Neste trabalho, investigam-se duas abordagens que podem representar urna solução para estas deficiências: a melhora do vácuo na câmara de emissão e o emprego de nanotubos de carbono como emissores. No que se refere a melhora das propriedades de vácuo num FED, este trabalho propõe um novo tipo de emissor baseado em uma membrana porosa. Cálculos teóricos referentes as propriedades de vácuo e ao fator de amplificação do campo eletrostático são apresentados para esta nova configuração, sendo proposto um modelo para determinar o limite superior do fator de amplificação do campo. No que se refere a parte experimental, e demonstrado que membranas porosas de diamante de fato funcionam como emissores, de acordo com a proposta. O desempenho destas membranas e comparado com o de condutores metálicos planos, com e sem um recobrimento de diamond-like carbon. São apresentadas imagens dos spots de emissão em poros, e um estudo da estabilidade de emissão de longo prazo e realizado. No que se refere aos nanotubos de carbono este trabalho propõe um novo processo de tratamento dos nanotubos em arco de plasma que resulta em melhora das propriedades de emissão destas estruturas. Um estudo da estabilidade de emissão dos nanotubos também e apresentado, sendo que uma degradação sistemática da emissão e relatada para o caso de nanotubos mono-parede (single-wall). / One of the most important challenges to the electronics industry is the production of a flat panel display which fulfills the requirements of high quality image, large area low power and low cost. Field Emission Display (FED) is the technology in best conditions to face these requirements. However, the short lifetime and low reliability of FED prototypes based on metallic emitters are hindering this technology to get into the market. In this work we investigate two different approaches that could represent a solution for these problems: improvement of the vacuum characteristics inside the emission chamber and use of carbon nanotubes as emitters. With respect to the improvement of vacuun in a FED, this work proposes a new type of emitter based on a porous diamond membrane. Theoretical calculations referent to the vacuum properties and referent to electrostatic field enhancement factor are presented. A new model is proposed to determine the superior limit for the eletrostatic field enhancement factor in a porous emitter. With respect to the experimental part of this work, we show that diamond porous membranes indeed emit electrons, according to the original proposition. The emission performance of these membranes is compared to the performance of flat metalic emitters, coated or Dot with diamond-like carbon. Images of emission spots in pores and a study of the long term membrane emission stability are presented. With respect to carbon nanotubes this work presents a. new treatment process, under plasma arc, that resulted in emission improvement. A study all emission stability of nanotubes is also presented, and systematical emission decay is reported for single-wall nanotubes.

The aims of this paper are to present some of the findings about the creation and utilization of online assignments and choice of support software for several calculus classes at Simon Fraser University (SFU) by considering the needs and perspectives of the instructors, students, and administrators. The term online assignment is used for a set of problems that are posted, submitted, graded, and recorded electronically through a course learning management system (LMS) of choice. The purpose of this note is to contribute to the discussion about a common question detected among research papers on the theme of online assignments; how can technology be used in teaching so that students benefit the most? Questions are provided to guide an instructor in choosing online assignment problems, and a list of necessary skills is supplied for an instructor to be able to deal effectively with this pedagogical tool.

Um dos desafios mais importantes para a indústria de bens eletrônicos de consumo é o desenvolvimento de um dispositivo mostrador de informação (display) que tenda aos requisitos de alta qualidade de imagem, grande área, baixo consumo de energia e baixo custo. O display de comissão de campo (field emission display, ou FED) representa a tecnologia com maior potencial para atender a estes requisitos. No entanto a baixa durabilidade e a baixa confiabilidade dos protótipos baseados em emissores metálicos impedem que esta tecnologia entre no mercado. Neste trabalho, investigam-se duas abordagens que podem representar urna solução para estas deficiências: a melhora do vácuo na câmara de emissão e o emprego de nanotubos de carbono como emissores. No que se refere a melhora das propriedades de vácuo num FED, este trabalho propõe um novo tipo de emissor baseado em uma membrana porosa. Cálculos teóricos referentes as propriedades de vácuo e ao fator de amplificação do campo eletrostático são apresentados para esta nova configuração, sendo proposto um modelo para determinar o limite superior do fator de amplificação do campo. No que se refere a parte experimental, e demonstrado que membranas porosas de diamante de fato funcionam como emissores, de acordo com a proposta. O desempenho destas membranas e comparado com o de condutores metálicos planos, com e sem um recobrimento de diamond-like carbon. São apresentadas imagens dos spots de emissão em poros, e um estudo da estabilidade de emissão de longo prazo e realizado. No que se refere aos nanotubos de carbono este trabalho propõe um novo processo de tratamento dos nanotubos em arco de plasma que resulta em melhora das propriedades de emissão destas estruturas. Um estudo da estabilidade de emissão dos nanotubos também e apresentado, sendo que uma degradação sistemática da emissão e relatada para o caso de nanotubos mono-parede (single-wall). / One of the most important challenges to the electronics industry is the production of a flat panel display which fulfills the requirements of high quality image, large area low power and low cost. Field Emission Display (FED) is the technology in best conditions to face these requirements. However, the short lifetime and low reliability of FED prototypes based on metallic emitters are hindering this technology to get into the market. In this work we investigate two different approaches that could represent a solution for these problems: improvement of the vacuum characteristics inside the emission chamber and use of carbon nanotubes as emitters. With respect to the improvement of vacuun in a FED, this work proposes a new type of emitter based on a porous diamond membrane. Theoretical calculations referent to the vacuum properties and referent to electrostatic field enhancement factor are presented. A new model is proposed to determine the superior limit for the eletrostatic field enhancement factor in a porous emitter. With respect to the experimental part of this work, we show that diamond porous membranes indeed emit electrons, according to the original proposition. The emission performance of these membranes is compared to the performance of flat metalic emitters, coated or Dot with diamond-like carbon. Images of emission spots in pores and a study of the long term membrane emission stability are presented. With respect to carbon nanotubes this work presents a. new treatment process, under plasma arc, that resulted in emission improvement. A study all emission stability of nanotubes is also presented, and systematical emission decay is reported for single-wall nanotubes.