As pessoas têm diferentes preferências no aprender, que acabam se refletindo nas suas diversas características acadêmicas e profissionais. Há muito tempo se procura uma resposta para a pergunta: \"por que nas mesmas condições de ambiente e forma de ensino, dois estudantes de mesmo nível intelectual, possuem níveis de aprendizagem diferentes?\". Parte da resposta pode ser encontrada nos estilos de aprendizagem, os diferentes modos pelos quais as pessoas percebem e processam as informações. Entender os diferentes estilos de aprendizagem é um passo importante para favorecer a individualidade, tirar proveito das habilidades e também identificar os modos menos preferidos de aprender. Esse autoconhecimento é fundamental ao tratamos do ensino a distância (EaD), que requer que os próprios alunos se organizem e otimizem seu próprio aprendizado. A partir do momento em que conhecem suas preferências, os estudantes têm a possibilidade de dirigir sua aprendizagem nessa direção. Por outro lado, o professor também tem subsídios para planejar atividades e disponibilizar recursos que atendam a uma variedade maior de alunos, diminuindo assim a taxa de desistência e mantendo a motivação, uma vez que a mesma também está intimamente ligada com o nível de comunicação e interação na sala virtual. Assim, o objetivo deste projeto é mapear os estilos de aprendizagem de estudantes matriculados em um curso de licenciatura em Computação na modalidade EaD e analisar a influência desse construto na interação desses estudantes no fórum. Para a coleta dos estilos de aprendizagem dos 36 alunos foram usados os instrumentos desenvolvidos por Felder e Soloman (1991) e o de Keirsey e Bates (1984), ambos traduzidos para o português. Os resultados identificam uma distribuição dos estilos de aprendizagem bem característica para alunos de um curso de licenciatura em Computação a distância. Além disso, as correlações entre esses estilos de aprendizagem e a interação na sala virtual na ferramenta fórum demonstram que os alunos ativos (FELDER; SOLOMAN, 1991) foram os que possuíram níveis de maior interação e de forma oposta, os racionais (KEIRSEY; BATES, 1984) estavam entre os que menos participaram das discussões. Verificou-se também uma predominância de indivíduos ativos dentre os que responderam aos tópicos de forma objetiva (critério de interação C1), assim como uma tendência de indivíduos dessa dimensão relacionarem mais os assuntos discutidos (critério de interação C2). Dessa forma, os resultados confirmam que o modo como os alunos interagem no fórum tem relação com seus estilos de aprendizagem, os quais podem auxiliar na proposição de atividades que motivem e incrementem a participação na sala virtual. / People have different preferences in learning, that reflect in their several professional and academic characteristics. Long ago it is looking for an answer to the question: \"why, in the same conditions of environment and education form, two students of same intellectual level, have different learning levels?\". Part of the reply can be found in the learning styles, the different ways for which people perceive and process the informations. Understanding the different learning styles is an important step to favor the individuality, to make good use of the abilities and also identify the ways less preferred to learn. This self-knowledge is fundamental when we are dealing with the long-distance education, which request that the own students organize themselves and optimize their own learning. From the moment when they know their preferences, the students have the possibility to direct their learning in this direction. On the other hand, the teacher also has subsidies to plan activities and to arrange resources for a bigger variety of students, thus diminishing the desistance rate and keeping the motivation, a time that this one is also deeply connected to the level of communication and interaction in the virtual room. Thus, the objective of this project is to map the learning styles of the students registered in a computer science course in long-distance education, and to analyze the influence in these students\' interaction in the forum. For the collection of the learning styles of the 36 students, it had been used the tools developed by Felder and Soloman (1991) and the Keirsey and Bates\' (1984), both translated into portuguese. The results identify a distribution of the learning styles well characterized for students of a long-distance bachelor course in Computer Science. Moreover, the connections between these learning styles and the interaction in the virtual room in the forum tool show that the active students (FELDER; SOLOMAN, 1991) were who had the levels of bigger interaction and, in contrast, the thinkers students (KEIRSEY; BATES, 1984) were among the ones that had less participated in the debates. It was also verified a predominance of active individuals between who had answered to the topics objectively (interaction criterion C1), as well as a trend of individuals of this dimension relate more the argued subjects (interaction criterion C2). This way, the results confirm that the way as the students interact in the forum has a relation with their learning styles, which can assist in the proposal activities that motivate and develop the participation in the tools of the virtual classroom.

nÃo hà / As Tecnologias da InformaÃÃo e ComunicaÃÃo trazem para o mundo do ensino novas exigÃncias e novas diretrizes que se tornam mais expressivas na EducaÃÃo à DistÃncia. Essas exigÃncias traduzem a complexidade desta modalidade educativa presente na esfera administrativa e pedagÃgica, e justificam a preocupaÃÃo dos gestores em investirem na qualificaÃÃo de seu quadro de pessoal, tendo em vista a assegurar o trabalho com mais qualidade e compromisso social. As novas diretrizes e exigÃncias tornam imperativo que sejam discutidas novas questÃes pedagÃgicas e os novos desafios que se colocam em relaÃÃo à formaÃÃo do professor. Considerando a problemÃtica, foi realizado um estudo quanti/qualitativo visando detectar os receios, as dificuldades e as expectativas dos docentes de uma determinada instituiÃÃo de ensino superior em relaÃÃo a implantaÃÃo da EducaÃÃo à DistÃncia, com vistas a apresentaÃÃo de uma proposta de capacitaÃÃo pedagÃgica dos docentes. Para tanto, foi realizada uma entrevista semi estruturada que foi aplicada junto aos atores da pesquisa. Os resultados do estudo possibilitaram o delineamento de uma proposta a qual acredita-se que possibilitarà uma melhor inserÃÃo da cultura em EAD, bem como facilitarà a elaboraÃÃo e implementaÃÃo de projetos, mediados pelas tecnologias na instituiÃÃo em tela. / The Information and Communication Technologies bring new requirements and new guidelines for the world of education that become more expressive in the Long-Distance Education (EAD). These requirements transfer the complexity of this educative modality existing in the administrative and pedagogical sphere and they justify the concern of the managers in investing in the qualification of its personnel, in view of assuring the work with more quality and social commitment. The new lines of direction and requirements make imperative that new pedagogical questions and the new challenges that people put relating to the formation of the professor are argued. Considering the situation, a qualitative and quantitative study was done to detect the distrusts, the difficulties and the expectations of the professors from a determined college relating to the implantation of the Distance Education with the objective to present a proposal of pedagogical formation of the professors. In this sense, a semistructuralized interview that was applied among the actors of the research was done. The results of the study make possible the delineation of a proposal which you believe it will make possible a better insertion of the culture in EAD, as well as it will facilitate the elaboration and implementation of projects, mediated by the technologies in the searched institution.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-11T13:49:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ANA MARIA SILVA 2014.pdf: 1600681 bytes, checksum: bc163787563e4673d1d3eb01e266fcc2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-14 / The present work aims to study the linguistic phenomenon of repetition in electronic text written, produced by Long-Distance Education student from State of Amazonas Center for Technological Education (CETAM). This study is based by the adopted typological continuum, on the interpenetration between oral and written, focusing on repetition from a interactional perspective and text linguistics. To study the phenomenon, a segmental analysis was carried out on repetition at the lexical, syntagmatic and clausal levels isolated from the written corpus made up of thirty posts extracted form a discussion, part of the Portuguese for Specific Purpose course in the Technical Senior High School Long-Distance program of CETAM. The methodological choice supporting the development of this study was based on the predominance of the qualitative approach supplemented by primarily descriptive procedures, which include a register of the occurrences of repetition, the analysis and classification of formal and functional types identified and construed of the collected data. The study of this linguistic phenomenon corroborates the theses of theorists that it is a basic feature of the development of textual-discursive activities, appearing as a genuine linguistic phenomenon that brings out the link between orality and writing. / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo estudar o fenômeno linguístico da repetição no texto eletrônico escrito, produzido por estudantes de Educação a Distância (EaD) do Centro de Educação Tecnológica do Estado do Amazonas (CETAM). Este estudo fundamenta-se na noção adotada de contínuo tipológico, na interpenetrabilidade entre oral e escrito, enfocando a repetição na perspectiva interacional e na linguística textual. Para estudo do fenômeno, procedeu-se à análise de segmentos em repetição no nível lexical, sintagmático e oracional, retirados para exame do corpus escrito, constituído por trinta postagens extraídas de fórum de discussão, integrante da disciplina português instrumental, do curso técnico de nível médio na modalidade de EaD, do CETAM. A escolha metodológica que sustenta o desenvolvimento deste estudo tomou como base a predominância da abordagem qualitativa, complementada com procedimentos de cunho descritivo que contemplam registro das ocorrências de repetição, análise e classificação dos tipos formais e funcionais identificados e interpretação dos dados coletados. O estudo do referido fenômeno linguístico corrobora as teses de teóricos de que se trata de um recurso básico do desenvolvimento das atividades textual-discursivas, figurando como um fenômeno linguístico genuíno que faz sobressair o vínculo entre oralidade e escrita.

Orientador: Wilson Castro Ferreira Junior / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matematica, Estatistica e Computação Cientifica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T08:00:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LouVega_Salvador_M.pdf: 1338284 bytes, checksum: f247d3dc13a783da27d224a3d32df47b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Proponemos um modelo matemático para uma planta invasora, que acopla a dinâmica de reproduão com Efeito Allee e a dispersão de longa distância de uma planta invasora. Consideramos um efeito Allee devido à limitação de pólen, que reduz a produção de sementes. Introduzimos o efeito Allee através de uma função de probabilidade de encontro pólen-estigma que depende da densidade de plantas. Para a modelagem do processo de dispersão utilizamos equações íntegrorecursiva (IRE) tomando um núcleo de dispersão misto, que representa a dispesão local e a longa distância. Analisamos a dinâmica local do modelo determinando os pontos de equilíbrio e as suas estabilidades, para então analisar o processo de dispersão. Analisamos o modelo de dispersão por meio de simulação numérica, o que permitiu observar o deslocamento espacial da frente da invasão. Isto permitiu calcular a velocidade de expansão. Determinamos a inuência do efeito Allee, da capacidade reprodutiva e da dispersão de longa distância sobre a velocidade de expansão. Observamos que o efeito Allee torna velocidades aceleradas em velocidades constantes de expansão. A velocidade de expansão decresce com o aumento na intensidade do efeito Allee, mas aumenta com a capacidade reprodutiva. A dispersão de longa distância gera maiores velocidades de expansão, embora para fortes intensidades do efeito Allee o acréscimo na velocidade não é signifícativo em relação à velocidade gerada pela dispersão local. Os resultados mostram que apesar da dispersão contribuir ao aumento na velocidade de expansão, a dispersão também torna a população mais suscetável á extinção. / Abstract: We present a mathematical model which couples the reproductive dynamic with an Allee effect and a long distance diseprsal of an invasive plant. We consider an Allee effect due to pollen limitation, which reduces seed production. We introduce the Allee effect through a probability function that describes pollen-stigma encounters as function of the population density. To model the dispersal process we used integro-diference equations (IDE) and employed a mixed kernel which represents the local and long distance dispersal processes. We analyzed the local dynamic through the stability of their equilibrium points. For the spatial dynamic we used numerical simulations, that allowed us to observe the spatial displacement of the invasion front. This permitted us to compute the expansion speeds. We determined the inuence of the Allee effect, reproductive capacity and the long distance diseprsal on the invasion speeds. We observed than an Allee effect turns accelerating expansion speeds into constant speeds. Expansion speeds decreases with Allee effect intensity but increases with the reproductive capacity of the population. Long distance dispersal produces higher invasion speeds, but for strong intensities of the Allee effect, the increase is not significant in relation to the speeds generated by the local dispersal. Our results show that while dispersal contributes to expansion speeds, it also turns the population more susceptible to extinction. / Mestrado / Biomatematica / Mestre em Matemática Aplicada

This thesis examines several nuanced issues, including equitable access, regarding long-distance intercity travel. In the United States, studies of transportation equity focus on affordable access to local destinations and basic services. The limited studies of long-distance intercity travel focus on observed demand, ignoring latent or unmet demand. Both quantitative and qualitative data are used to explore the differences between those who participate in long-distance travel and those with unmet need for it. This thesis found that the ability to participate in long-distance travel plays a role in one’s overall well-being. Undertaking long-distance trips facilitates access to opportunity for cultural and educational experiences, as well as the maintenance and creation of social capital, factors which were indicated by study participants. The first part of the thesis examines equity in access to long-distance travel between individuals by using data from a state-wide survey completed by 2,232 Vermonters for the Vermont Agency of Transportation in 2016. Five ordinal logistic regression models that approximate different levels of realized and unmet travel are used to understand how access to intercity travel differs by socioeconomic, geographic location, and household characteristics. A total of 22 percent of respondents indicated they had unmet demand at least once per year. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between those who had unmet demand within Vermont and outside of Vermont, proxies for local and intercity travel, respectively. Income level, Internet access, and education level were found to be significant predictors of realized long-distance travel. Household size and composition, household vehicles, age, income, and self-reported urban residence were predictors of both unmet local and long-distance travel need. In addition, full-time employment was significant for local unmet need, while miles to the nearest metropolitan area was a significant predictor for longer travel needs. Models of actual travel were stronger than for unmet demand, indicating that other unmeasured predictor variables may be important, thus requiring qualitative exploration. The second part of the thesis consists of an in-depth examination using semi-structured interviews regarding intercity travel with 24 women living in Chittenden County, Vermont. In addition to the qualitative survey methods, data from a social network geography survey designed specifically for the study and an overall well-being survey were used. Interviews were coded by theme relating to travel type, barriers to travel, and impact on quality of life. A majority of participants felt long-distance travel was very important or essential to their well-being and they wished to increase the amount they did. Additionally, participants felt the need to meet with friends and family in-person, therefore necessitating long-distance travel to those who lived further away. There was also a discrepancy between the desire to meet with friends and family and how often the participants actually were able to do so. Those with higher incomes had less unmet long-distance travel need.

In recent years technology has developed significantly and rapidly become an intricate part of people’s daily life in the globalised world. There is a growing recognition that within intimate relationships, technology usage has many functions which can create both negative and positive impacts on intimacy.  Yet research on intimacy in online social relationships is still underdeveloped. This paper maps the literature on long-distance relationships and how its participants use information and communication technologies to overcome the physical detachment. The purpose of this study is to examine whether intimacy changes over Erasmus+ exchange studies in long-distance romantic and parental relationships. Data from an online survey of 100 Erasmus+ exchange students residing in Budapest, Hungary were analysed to see whether the quality of their relationship worsens during the exchange period. Based on the data collected it can be concluded that the majority of respondents does not experience critical decay in neither of their relationships and that preparation for distance communication with ICTs is not strongly connected to preventing a decay in intimacy.

Doctor of Philosophy / Division of Biology / Brett K. Sandercock / Gastrointestinal microbiota play a vital role in maintaining organismal health, through facilitating nutrient uptake, detoxification and interactions with the immune system. Shorebirds vary widely in life-history characteristics, such as habitat, migration and breeding system, but the dynamics of their gut microbial communities are unknown. In my dissertation, I investigated composition and dynamics of gut microbiota in migratory shorebirds from embryos to 10 day old chicks, and determined environment and host-related factors affecting gut microbial communities of adults. First, I tested whether precocial chicks from three species of arctic-breeding shorebirds acquire gut microbiota before or after hatching using next-generation sequencing. In addition, I documented the dynamics of gut microbial establishment. I showed that gut microbiota were absent in shorebird embryos before hatching, but that stable gut communities established within the first three days after hatching. In addition, gut microbiota of young shorebird chicks were more similar to the environmental microbiome than later in life, suggesting that the environment is a likely source for microbial recruitment. After reaching adulthood, shorebirds migrate long distances, potentially exposing them to a wide range of microorganisms. Host phylogeny and environmental factors have both been identified as drivers of gut microbiota composition in birds in previous studies. The second part of my project aimed to compare the relative importance of host and environmental factors that underlie variation in gut microbiota composition in eight species of migratory shorebirds sampled across the North American Arctic. I found that sampling site was the main driver of variation in gut microbiota of Arctic-breeding shorebirds, and that site-related variation in gut microbiota of shorebirds was a result of differences in core bacterial taxa that occurred in more than half of the analyzed samples. A relatively large influence of local environment on gut microbiota composition of chicks and adults lead to the question: how does site affect pathogen prevalence in shorebirds? Migratory behavior has been hypothesized to have evolved as a response to variation in climatic conditions and food availability, to avoid predation, and to reduce risk of exposure to pathogens. The migratory escape hypothesis predicts avoidance of high disease prevalence areas through migration, and has been proposed as one of the main reasons that many bird species migrate to the Arctic for breeding. To test the migratory escape hypothesis in shorebirds, I screened for prevalence of seven known avian pathogens in shorebirds at different stages of migration. I did not detect the majority of pathogens we tested for, with the exception of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli. Prevalence of C. jejuni in shorebirds was linked to sampling sites but not shorebird species. My dissertation is the first comprehensive study to broadly characterize the gut microbiota in shorebirds. Overall, local environment emerged as an important factor in shaping microbiota composition in Arctic-breeding shorebirds throughout my dissertation research. The role of local environment in shaping gut microbiota invites future investigations of the interactions among shorebirds and the microorganisms present in their environment, as well as the functions gut microbiota perform within their shorebird hosts.

The thesis explores the ways in which Serbian ethnic media in Canada represent their own group and “Others”, specifically Croats, Slovenians and Catholics, Bosniaks, Albanians and Muslims, Montenegrins and the West. The research investigates the convergence of these representations with Canadian multiculturalism. The thesis epistemologically feeds from Jean Jacques Rousseau’s 18th century theories of recognition and patriotism, Stuart Hall’s (1997) theory of representation and identity and Edward Said’s (1978) theory of Orientalism, and is further guided by the theoretical frameworks of Charles Taylor’s (1994) politics of recognition, Benedict Anderson’s (1992) long-distance nationalism and Maria Todorova’s (1994) Balkanism. Qualitative content analysis through purposive and sequential sampling of Serbian ethnic broadcasting is conducted to gauge the programs’ representations of the “Self” and “Others”. Ethnic media provide a method to promote a minority group’s heritage, but also to facilitate communication between various cultural, ethnic, religious and racial groups. In the age of an increased critique of multiculturalism, the role of ethnic media rises in importance. The findings of the thesis show that Serbian ethnic media employ Canadian multiculturalism to promote Serbian heritage, but also to stereotype other groups. Applying the theoretical juxtaposition of multiculturalism, nationalism and “Othering”, this research argues that through negative identification of “Others”, Serbian ethnic media deviate from Canadian multiculturalism that calls for a positive recognition of all Canadian groups.

Pour expliquer les faibles taux d'endémisme rencontrés chez les mousses en Macaronésie, deux hypothèses ont été successivement testées et invalidées au cours de mon doctorat chez deux genres de mousses d'occurrence macaronésienne, phylogénétiquement proches, Hedenasiastrum et Rhynchostegiella. Une première hypothèse suggérait que les mousses sont des organismes à faible potentiel évolutif peu enclins à former des espèces endémiques. Si une apparente stase morphologique de plus de 40 millions d'années a été reconstruite chez Hedenasiastrum, genre monotypique endémique de Madère, le grand nombre de convergences phénotypiques et les taux très élevés de diversification insulaire dans le genre Rhynchostegiella, infirment très fortement cette hypothèse. Ces études tendent ainsi à mettre en valeur la nature hyper adaptable des mousses et la diversité des processus évolutifs pouvant se mettre en place pour des espèces proches, dans une même région biogéographique. Une seconde hypothèse évoquait des flux de gènes intenses entre continents et îles, bloquant la spéciation insulaire ; hypothèse à son tour réfutée par le grand nombre d'évènements de spéciation in situ dans les îles, révélé par nos analyses de reconstruction d'aires ancestrales. Ce travail dévoile au final que la généralisation des colonisations inverses des îles vers le continent, pourrait être un des facteurs majeur expliquant les faibles taux d'endémisme macaronésiens chez les mousses. Plus que des puits de diversité, les îles seraient ainsi une source importante de biodiversité pour le continent chez les organismes capables de dispersion longue distance. / To explain the low rates of endemism encountered in Macaronesian mosses, two hypotheses have been successfully tested and invalidated during my PhD in two genera of mosses of the subfamily Helicodontioideae occurring in Macaronesia Islands, respectively Hedenasiastrum and Rhynchostegiella. The first hypothesis suggested that mosses are low evolutionary potential organisms, reluctant to form endemic species; if an apparent morphological stasis over 40 million years was reconstructed in Hedenasiastrum, a monotypic genus endemic of Madeira, the large number of phenotypic convergences and high rates of insular diversification in the genus Rhynchostegiella, strongly refute this hypothesis. Thereby these studies tend to emphasize the hyper-adaptability of mosses and the diversity of evolutionary processes that can occur in closely related species in the same biogeographic region. The second hypothesis evoked too intense gene flow between mainland and islands, preventing speciation on islands; a hypothesis invalidated by the high number of in situ event of speciation on islands revealed by our analysis of ancestral area reconstruction. Finally this work reveals generalized reverse colonization from islands to mainland after in situ speciation, as one of major factor responsible for low rates of endemism in the Macaronesian mosses. Islands may thus appear for organisms with high dispersal ability as inexhaustible sources of diversity.

The diploma thesis analyses the current state of the tourism both in France and Corsica and other more it deals with the importance of the landscape and the natural environment for tourism in Corsica. The theoretical part defines tourism and presents different kinds of tourism (hiking). In the practical part there is analysed specifically the tourism in France, especially one French region -- Corsica is analysed more detailed. The aim of the diploma thesis is to point out the importance of the tourism both for France and for Corsica, to describe the current state of tourism and to analyse the possibilities of its development. More attention is given to the hiking and trekking and possibilities of its development on the Mediterranean island of Corsica.