<p>Högskolan i Gävle har på senare år påbörjat ett samarbete med utländska universitet och en stor andel utbytesstudenter vid högskolan kommer från Kina (Högskolan i Gävle, 2007). Att lyckas akademiskt är till viss del beroende av individens förmåga att anpassa sig till den akademiska kulturen och de rådande normerna. Studenter utbildade i konfucianistisk kultur har ofta annan syn på läraren än studerande i västerländsk kultur då man inom konfucianismen anser att läraren är en person med hög auktoritet och forskning visar att stressnivån för nyanlända utbytesstudenter är stark i början av deras akademiska utbildning i ett främmande land (Brown, 2008). Syftet med vår uppsats var att undersöka de kinesiska utbytesstudenternas kulturella upplevelser av att studera på Högskolan i Gävle och se hur dessa påverkar dem.</p><p>En kvalitativ metod genomfördes med inspiration av ett fenomenologiskt förhållningssätt. Detta skedde i form av en semistrukturerad fokusgruppsintervju med sex stycken utbytesstudenter från Kina som studerat minst två år på Högskolan i Gävle. Resultatet visade att respondenterna upplevt kulturskillnader som de fått anpassa sig till under sin tid som utbytesstudenter. De största kulturkrockarna skedde i att anpassa sig efter den svenska undervisningen och ett främmande språk. Språkliga brister var troligen den största faktorn till att de inte hade kontakt med svenska studenter. Dock verkade respondenterna inte uppleva kulturchock i så stor utsträckning. Störst stress upplevde de i början av en ny kurs då de var tvungna att anpassa sig efter främmande ord på engelska och inför tentamenstillfällen. I början av respondenternas vistelse som utbytesstudent upplevde de dock hemlängtan och svårigheter att följa med i undervisningen vilket kunde upplevas som stressande. Detta verkade dock ha avtagit med tiden och utbytesstudenterna upplevde situationen vara tillfredställande trots en annorlunda kultur.</p> / <p>The University of Gävle has in recent years started a relation with foreign universities and a large share of exchange students come from China (Högskolan i Gävle 2007). To succeed academically is to some extent dependent on the individual´s ability to adapt to the prevailing standards in the academic culture. Students educated in a konfucianistic culture have often a different view of the teacher than students in Western culture when in Confucianism believe that the teacher is a person of high standing and research shows that stress levels for newly arrived exchange students are strong in the beginning of their academic training in a foreign country (Brown, 2008). The purpose of our study was to get an insight into the Chinese</p><p>exchange student’s cultural experiences of studying at the University of Gävle and to see how this can affect them.</p><p>A qualitative method with inspiration of the phenomenogical approach was carried out. This took the form of a semistructrued focus group interview with six exchange student´s from China who has studied at least two years at the University of Gävle. The result implied that the respondents experienced differences in culture that they had to adapt to during their time as exchange students. The largest clash of cultures came when they were trying to adapt to the Swedish education and a foreign language. Linguistic deficiencies were probably the largest factor to affect the lack of contact with Swedish students. However, the respondents didn't seem to experience culture chock at a large extent. They experienced most stress at the beginning of a new course when they were forced to adapt to unfamiliar words in English and for examinations. At the beginning of the respondents sojourn however, they experienced homesickness and difficulties in keeping up with the tutoring which could be experienced as stressful. However, this seems to have declined by time and the exchange students experienced the situation as satisfying despite a different culture.</p>

Högskolan i Gävle har på senare år påbörjat ett samarbete med utländska universitet och en stor andel utbytesstudenter vid högskolan kommer från Kina (Högskolan i Gävle, 2007). Att lyckas akademiskt är till viss del beroende av individens förmåga att anpassa sig till den akademiska kulturen och de rådande normerna. Studenter utbildade i konfucianistisk kultur har ofta annan syn på läraren än studerande i västerländsk kultur då man inom konfucianismen anser att läraren är en person med hög auktoritet och forskning visar att stressnivån för nyanlända utbytesstudenter är stark i början av deras akademiska utbildning i ett främmande land (Brown, 2008). Syftet med vår uppsats var att undersöka de kinesiska utbytesstudenternas kulturella upplevelser av att studera på Högskolan i Gävle och se hur dessa påverkar dem. En kvalitativ metod genomfördes med inspiration av ett fenomenologiskt förhållningssätt. Detta skedde i form av en semistrukturerad fokusgruppsintervju med sex stycken utbytesstudenter från Kina som studerat minst två år på Högskolan i Gävle. Resultatet visade att respondenterna upplevt kulturskillnader som de fått anpassa sig till under sin tid som utbytesstudenter. De största kulturkrockarna skedde i att anpassa sig efter den svenska undervisningen och ett främmande språk. Språkliga brister var troligen den största faktorn till att de inte hade kontakt med svenska studenter. Dock verkade respondenterna inte uppleva kulturchock i så stor utsträckning. Störst stress upplevde de i början av en ny kurs då de var tvungna att anpassa sig efter främmande ord på engelska och inför tentamenstillfällen. I början av respondenternas vistelse som utbytesstudent upplevde de dock hemlängtan och svårigheter att följa med i undervisningen vilket kunde upplevas som stressande. Detta verkade dock ha avtagit med tiden och utbytesstudenterna upplevde situationen vara tillfredställande trots en annorlunda kultur. / The University of Gävle has in recent years started a relation with foreign universities and a large share of exchange students come from China (Högskolan i Gävle 2007). To succeed academically is to some extent dependent on the individual´s ability to adapt to the prevailing standards in the academic culture. Students educated in a konfucianistic culture have often a different view of the teacher than students in Western culture when in Confucianism believe that the teacher is a person of high standing and research shows that stress levels for newly arrived exchange students are strong in the beginning of their academic training in a foreign country (Brown, 2008). The purpose of our study was to get an insight into the Chinese exchange student’s cultural experiences of studying at the University of Gävle and to see how this can affect them. A qualitative method with inspiration of the phenomenogical approach was carried out. This took the form of a semistructrued focus group interview with six exchange student´s from China who has studied at least two years at the University of Gävle. The result implied that the respondents experienced differences in culture that they had to adapt to during their time as exchange students. The largest clash of cultures came when they were trying to adapt to the Swedish education and a foreign language. Linguistic deficiencies were probably the largest factor to affect the lack of contact with Swedish students. However, the respondents didn't seem to experience culture chock at a large extent. They experienced most stress at the beginning of a new course when they were forced to adapt to unfamiliar words in English and for examinations. At the beginning of the respondents sojourn however, they experienced homesickness and difficulties in keeping up with the tutoring which could be experienced as stressful. However, this seems to have declined by time and the exchange students experienced the situation as satisfying despite a different culture.

In recent years technology has developed significantly and rapidly become an intricate part of people’s daily life in the globalised world. There is a growing recognition that within intimate relationships, technology usage has many functions which can create both negative and positive impacts on intimacy.  Yet research on intimacy in online social relationships is still underdeveloped. This paper maps the literature on long-distance relationships and how its participants use information and communication technologies to overcome the physical detachment. The purpose of this study is to examine whether intimacy changes over Erasmus+ exchange studies in long-distance romantic and parental relationships. Data from an online survey of 100 Erasmus+ exchange students residing in Budapest, Hungary were analysed to see whether the quality of their relationship worsens during the exchange period. Based on the data collected it can be concluded that the majority of respondents does not experience critical decay in neither of their relationships and that preparation for distance communication with ICTs is not strongly connected to preventing a decay in intimacy.

Submitted by Luiz Felipe Kling (luizkling@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-29T13:52:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertation - Luiz Felipe Kling.pdf: 407920 bytes, checksum: b66e099c602b5525ce8fe5e1e8fefd33 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2013-04-30T14:39:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertation - Luiz Felipe Kling.pdf: 407920 bytes, checksum: b66e099c602b5525ce8fe5e1e8fefd33 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2013-05-02T12:16:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertation - Luiz Felipe Kling.pdf: 407920 bytes, checksum: b66e099c602b5525ce8fe5e1e8fefd33 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-02T12:17:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertation - Luiz Felipe Kling.pdf: 407920 bytes, checksum: b66e099c602b5525ce8fe5e1e8fefd33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-12 / O objetivo deste estudo é compreender o que leva estudantes de intercâmbio ao Rio de Janeiro, quais são suas motivações e interesses que influenciam na escolha dessa cidade, um destino pouco tradicional para intercâmbios, que recebe um crescente número de intercambistas de países desenvolvidos. Também apresentamos uma discussão mais ampla sobre a educação internacional do século 21, posicionando programas de intercâmbio como uma das possíveis iniciativas para a internacionalização de instituições de ensino superior. Para responder essa questão, 20 estudantes de 11 países foram entrevistados. Os resultados indicam que existe muito mais no Rio de Janeiro além do sol e das belas praias. Há uma grande variedade de interesses que explicam porque estudantes de intercâmbio escolhem esse destino. O clichê sobre sol, praia e carnaval se manifestou em diversas respostas, no entanto, nunca como principal fator. Intercambistas se interessam pela cidade por diversos motivos além das atrações turísticas, como aprender português, melhorar o currículo e estar em uma economia emergente. Recomendações para a internacionalização de instituições de educação e uma agenda de pesquisa para o desenvolvimento desse tópico são apresentadas na parte final. / This study's goal is understanding what brings exchange students to Rio de Janeiro, what are their motivations and interests that lead them to choosing this location, a non-traditional exchange destination that is hosting an increasing number of students from developed countries. There is also a broader discussion about international education in the 21st century, placing student exchange programs as one of the possible initiatives for the internationalization of higher education institutions. To answer this question 20 students from 11 different countries were interviewed. Results show that there is much more in Rio de Janeiro than sunshine and beautiful beaches. There is a plethora of interests that explain why exchange students choose this destination. The sun, beach and carnival cliché was present in several answers, but it was never the driving factor. Students are interested in the city for several reasons besides the touristic attractions, such as learning Portuguese, improving their curriculum and being in an emerging economy. Internationalization recommendations for education institutions and a research agenda to further explore this topic are present in the final part.

No description available.

L’augmentation rapide de l’interdépendance mondiale, provoquée par le développement de la mondialisation, exige une redéfinition de la notion traditionnelle de l’éducation supérieure. Au Canada, comme dans le reste du monde, plusieurs universitaires, fonctionnaires du gouvernement et étudiants insistent maintenant sur l’intégration de l’internationalisation dans l’éducation supérieure à travers des échanges interculturels et des études à l’étranger, dans l’espoir que les générations canadiennes à venir développent une perspective globale et deviennent des « citoyens du monde » (Comité consultatif sur la stratégie du Canada en matière d’éducation internationale, 2012). Pourtant, pour garantir que l’étudiant qui participe à un échange profite le plus de son expérience internationale, nous devrons comprendre comment une telle expérience l’influence tant à court terme qu’à long terme. Bien que d’autres études se soient concentrées sur le court terme (le séjour à l’étranger et ses impacts immédiats), peu ont examiné le retour de l’étudiant, sa réintégration dans sa société d’origine et les effets subséquents à long terme, tels que les développements personnels qui pourraient suivre le rapatriement. Cette étude qualitative examine les témoignages de huit étudiants au premier cycle de l’Université de Montréal sur la façon dont ils ont vécu leur rapatriement à Montréal après un échange pédagogique à l’étranger. Quoique certains chercheurs présentent la notion de rapatriement comme une série d’événements déconnectés, notre analyse fait ressortir une tendance similaire dans tous nos témoignages qui nous permet dorénavant de considérer ce rapatriement comme un processus en trois étapes interconnectées. En empruntant à la théorie Intercultural Personhood de Kim (2008), nous sommes désormais en mesure de qualifier ces trois étapes comme étant le stress, l’adaptation et l’évolution. Non seulement cette interprétation nous aide à mieux comprendre les difficultés rencontrées par l’étudiant à l’occasion de son retour, mais elle facilite également l’identification des transformations identitaires qui apparaissent à ce moment-là et la manière dont ces transformations influencent le processus de rapatriement. / The rapidly increasing interconnectedness of the world brought on by the expansion of globalization calls for a redefinition of the traditional notion of higher education. As such, many Canadian educators, government officials, and students alike are insisting on the importance of internationalizing higher education through intercultural exchanges and studying abroad, in the hopes that current and future generations of Canadians will acquire a global perspective and become citizens of the world (Advisory Panel on Canada’s International Education Strategy, 2012). Yet in order to ensure that students are gaining the most from their international experience, it is important to understand the impact that studying abroad can have, both in the short and long term. While many past studies have focused on the short-term, or the actual time spent abroad and subsequent impacts, few have examined the exchange student’s re-entry into their society of origin and subsequent long-term effects, such as personal developments that surface during repatriation. In this qualitative study, eight undergraduate students from the University of Montreal were interviewed regarding how they lived their reintegration into Montreal society after returning home post studying abroad. While academics that have broached the subject in the past tended to view repatriation as a static series of events, our data analysis showed a similar pattern that surfaced in all respondents’ testimonials allowing us to henceforth recognize this repatriation as an interconnected three-step process. By borrowing from Kim’s theory of Intercultural Personhood (2008), we are now able to define these three distinct phases as stress, adaptation, and growth; all of which not only help to better understand the difficulties students face during their process of reintegration but also facilitate the identification of possible identity transformations that surface upon re-entry and how these transformations impact the repatriation process.

L’augmentation rapide de l’interdépendance mondiale, provoquée par le développement de la mondialisation, exige une redéfinition de la notion traditionnelle de l’éducation supérieure. Au Canada, comme dans le reste du monde, plusieurs universitaires, fonctionnaires du gouvernement et étudiants insistent maintenant sur l’intégration de l’internationalisation dans l’éducation supérieure à travers des échanges interculturels et des études à l’étranger, dans l’espoir que les générations canadiennes à venir développent une perspective globale et deviennent des « citoyens du monde » (Comité consultatif sur la stratégie du Canada en matière d’éducation internationale, 2012). Pourtant, pour garantir que l’étudiant qui participe à un échange profite le plus de son expérience internationale, nous devrons comprendre comment une telle expérience l’influence tant à court terme qu’à long terme. Bien que d’autres études se soient concentrées sur le court terme (le séjour à l’étranger et ses impacts immédiats), peu ont examiné le retour de l’étudiant, sa réintégration dans sa société d’origine et les effets subséquents à long terme, tels que les développements personnels qui pourraient suivre le rapatriement. Cette étude qualitative examine les témoignages de huit étudiants au premier cycle de l’Université de Montréal sur la façon dont ils ont vécu leur rapatriement à Montréal après un échange pédagogique à l’étranger. Quoique certains chercheurs présentent la notion de rapatriement comme une série d’événements déconnectés, notre analyse fait ressortir une tendance similaire dans tous nos témoignages qui nous permet dorénavant de considérer ce rapatriement comme un processus en trois étapes interconnectées. En empruntant à la théorie Intercultural Personhood de Kim (2008), nous sommes désormais en mesure de qualifier ces trois étapes comme étant le stress, l’adaptation et l’évolution. Non seulement cette interprétation nous aide à mieux comprendre les difficultés rencontrées par l’étudiant à l’occasion de son retour, mais elle facilite également l’identification des transformations identitaires qui apparaissent à ce moment-là et la manière dont ces transformations influencent le processus de rapatriement. / The rapidly increasing interconnectedness of the world brought on by the expansion of globalization calls for a redefinition of the traditional notion of higher education. As such, many Canadian educators, government officials, and students alike are insisting on the importance of internationalizing higher education through intercultural exchanges and studying abroad, in the hopes that current and future generations of Canadians will acquire a global perspective and become citizens of the world (Advisory Panel on Canada’s International Education Strategy, 2012). Yet in order to ensure that students are gaining the most from their international experience, it is important to understand the impact that studying abroad can have, both in the short and long term. While many past studies have focused on the short-term, or the actual time spent abroad and subsequent impacts, few have examined the exchange student’s re-entry into their society of origin and subsequent long-term effects, such as personal developments that surface during repatriation. In this qualitative study, eight undergraduate students from the University of Montreal were interviewed regarding how they lived their reintegration into Montreal society after returning home post studying abroad. While academics that have broached the subject in the past tended to view repatriation as a static series of events, our data analysis showed a similar pattern that surfaced in all respondents’ testimonials allowing us to henceforth recognize this repatriation as an interconnected three-step process. By borrowing from Kim’s theory of Intercultural Personhood (2008), we are now able to define these three distinct phases as stress, adaptation, and growth; all of which not only help to better understand the difficulties students face during their process of reintegration but also facilitate the identification of possible identity transformations that surface upon re-entry and how these transformations impact the repatriation process.

近年來，隨著高等教育國際化的浪潮，全台各大學無不致力於外籍學生的招收，近年來來台交換學生人數之急遽增加即為一例。而除了專業課程外，華語學習亦為交換生在台生活重要之一環，可幫助其解決生活上之語言困難，亦可使其藉由語言之學習了解中華文化。品質優良且針對性高的華語課程，為吸引交換學生來台之誘因之一，可見華語課程之設計與提供與交換學生之招收息息相關。 基於以上背景，筆者在此研究中藉由問卷調查、訪談及課堂觀察等三種方式蒐集資料，並以某公立大學為對象，將其於99學年度春季期入學且選修華語課程之交換學生進行個案探討，檢視目前交換學生華語學習之情形，目的在於（一）了解交換學生之背景與學習特性，並檢視各項可能影響其華語學習之因素。（二）深入瞭解目前交換生對於華語課程之意見，包括對於教師、教材、教學法及上課內容等。（三）了解行政人員對於交換生華語課程之規劃情形與華語教師在教學中所遇到的困難。（四）藉由以上幾點，分析該校目前華語課程之優缺點，並且提出對未來華語課程之改進建議。 筆者將上述所蒐集之資料進行分析及探討，發現交換生確有與其他類型之外籍學生不同之華語學習特性—其多屬短期且初級之華語學習者，且華語學習多半並非來台交換之主要目的。然而，因目前提供之華語課程設計普遍無法配合交換生之學習需求、交換生本身華語學習之特殊性未被重視及提出討論，以及學校目前缺乏完善的華語課程配套措施等若干原因，導致學生學習動機低落、教師教學困難及學校資源浪費等結果，此現象值得注意。 最後，筆者針對上述之發現，分別對於該校國合處、華語中心及華語教師三方面提供未來可能之改進建議。關於國合處，筆者建議：（一）釐清華語課程之責任歸屬（二）將「華語」及「文化」課程結合（三）華語獎學金配套措施之改善（四）加強學生課外華語接觸機會；關於華語中心，筆者建議：（一）加強對交換生之課程規劃及教材設計（二）設置專任或常任之特別班教師（三）注意特別班程度不齊的問題（四）設立特別班課程評鑑機制；關於華語教師，筆者建議：（一）捨棄以課本為核心的教學（二）聽說為主、讀寫為輔的上課方式（三）實用取向的上課內容（四）上課要求的提高（五）教師間教材的分享與合作（六）善用任務教學法、結合活動教學。本研究之分析與建議，可在目前來台交換生總數急速成長的情形下，提供各大學交換生華語課程改進之參考。

在台灣內部產、官、學界對於「開放陸生來台」議題，於政治、經濟、教育層面產生諸多正反討論之際，本研究深度訪談40位大陸地區交換學生，試圖由政策實施對象瞭解大陸地區交換學生在台現況、釐清大陸地區學生來台攻讀大專院校學位之意願以及檢視開放陸生來台政策內容。 過往涉及大陸學歷認證與開放陸生來台政策的相關文獻，多將研究主題著重於探討兩岸關係，如權力、政治菁英、意識型態等影響政策制定過程的決定因素。本研究則以「全球化」、「知識經濟」與「軟實力」的概念探討「開放陸生來台」政策，本研究焦點置於全球競爭時代中，吸收一流人才提升國家競爭力的重要性。 本研究針對受訪者的人口特徵、大陸地區交換學生來台動機、大陸地區交換學生在台現況、大陸地區學生來台就學意願進行分析，從受訪者對開放陸生來台政策之相關反應，整理歸納台灣吸引大陸地區學生來台攻讀高等教育學位之主要優勢，並預測台灣可能吸收之大陸學生類型。 根據主要研究發現，本研究之具體政策建議如下：1. 以香港、新加坡招收陸生政策為借鏡，放寬相關限制。2. 政府應投注更多資金與優惠政策協助各大專院校建立良好口碑，前往大陸地區進行「針對性、目的性」宣傳。3. 政府應對大陸地區學生展開大規模調查研究，瞭解其需求以作調整改進。4. 政府機關應培養兩岸優秀談判人才。 在未來研究方向的建議部分，應針對第一波來台留學之大陸地區學生進行後續追蹤研究，向大陸高校學生進行來台攻讀學位之意願調查，並針對亞太地區的招收陸生留學政策做更詳盡的比較分析，以期對開放陸生來台政策的施行進行有效之相關配套措施規劃，提升大陸地區學生來台就學意願，達到兩岸雙贏局面。 / Under the effects of globalization, attracting talents to improve national competitiveness has become a top priority for all countries in the world. Adopting to globalization, knowledge-based economy and soft power, this research intends to answer the following questions: （1） What is the current situation of mainland exchange students in Taiwan? （2） What are the factors affecting mainland students’ willingness to gain higher education degree in Taiwan? （3） How mainland exchange students subjectively interpret the open policy in allowing mainland students study in Taiwan universities? Through in-depth interviews and analysis of relevant policy making, this research tries to deduce the motivations and willingness of mainland students moving to Taiwan for higher education. Since no registered mainland students gained academic degree in Taiwan, the author interviewed and discussed with 40 mainland exchange students to identify Taiwan’s attractiveness and advantages compared to other opponents, such as Hong Kong and Singapore in the Greater China Area. The main research findings are: （1）The aspiration to go abroad, the limited opportunity to cross border, the convenience of using the same language, the attraction of Taiwan culture and the tough restriction to access Taiwan are the five main reasons why mainland exchange students choose Taiwan to visit. （2） Different degree of competitive pressure on students makes the distinct higher education circumstances between Mainland China and Taiwan. （3） The advantageous overseas diploma, the convenience of using the same language, the lower learning cost, the higher level of academic standards and the employment opportunities after ECFA are the main factors which attract mainland students gaining higher education degree in Taiwan. Based on the research findings, the policy advices are the followings: （1） Learning the advanced experience from Hong Kong and Singapore, the government should bend the rules and consider further relaxation of the policy. （2）Inject more money into making more propaganda for Taiwan’s universities. （3） Undertake large-scale empirical investigation to gather more information about the Chinese students’ willingness to study in Taiwan. （4） Train excellent negotiator in coordinating cross-strait affairs.