Abstract Recently, domestic mutual fund development was rapidly. As widely open door for foreign investment and mutual fund joining stock market, its structure starts slowly changing. Via different kinds of expansion and merger let The properties of companies tend to complex. Investors sometimes hardly make correction decision. Here just focus on mutual funds which are belong to common stock type to observe the existence of herding trade. And then check the relation between performance roll drift and herding trade in mutual funds. Usually known how to select funds is performance roll. And general one likes to choose No. 1 which may be myth. Actually No. 1 fund sometimes put heavy weight on particular stock. So it might temporary catch head. But it does not gain steady return. Then selecting steady head group is more important. Is it true? Investment companies may issue several funds. During inside discuss between funds managers could influence stock holding. Even though information spread speed could have different between crowd and investment com- panies, they are all affected by outside. So call hedging is mean that follows market behavior to cow buy or bear sell. If the choice of funds holding stocks follows other funds, perform- ance roll will random shift. Then using it to judge funds selection would not be reliable. The major are common stock type mutual funds belong to Taiwan mutual fund perform- ance. Draw funds front 20 and rear 20 and define them as winner and loser. Check their stock ownerships correlation, herding coefficient and drift phenomenon in certain period. During time set, find winner and loser have preference to keep some group stocks. In co- mparsion with entire common stocks funds, herding values in winner and loser are not so obviously different with zero. Loser group drift to winner side when values are more different with zero. In certain period, there is high drift ration which change performance roll list. Keyword: hedging¡Bfund performance¡Bwinner¡Bloser

The purpose of this study is to better understand the ways in which scientific discourse contributes to the individualization and moralization of obesity, through reality television. Popular reality television programs emphasize the importance of lifestyle to health and wellness, often focusing on participant weight loss. Within this research, I describe the ways in which the obesity epidemic is approached in popular reality television, specifically in NBCs The Biggest Loser, and identify how the discourse of obesity is tied to issues of individualization, surveillance, and morality. Specifically, I undertake a laboratory study of The Biggest Loser to illustrate how this methodology can be extended from the traditional laboratory into a space of science that has no formal walls. With a focus on the seventh season of The Biggest Loser, I argue that the program is based on a human experiment that illustrates the interconnectedness of science and society, while perpetuating individualized and moralized obesity discourse. By conducting a laboratory study of a popular television program, I offer a new way to address obesity discourse

The purpose of this study is to better understand the ways in which scientific discourse contributes to the individualization and moralization of obesity, through reality television. Popular reality television programs emphasize the importance of lifestyle to health and wellness, often focusing on participant weight loss. Within this research, I describe the ways in which the obesity epidemic is approached in popular reality television, specifically in NBCs The Biggest Loser, and identify how the discourse of obesity is tied to issues of individualization, surveillance, and morality. Specifically, I undertake a laboratory study of The Biggest Loser to illustrate how this methodology can be extended from the traditional laboratory into a space of science that has no formal walls. With a focus on the seventh season of The Biggest Loser, I argue that the program is based on a human experiment that illustrates the interconnectedness of science and society, while perpetuating individualized and moralized obesity discourse. By conducting a laboratory study of a popular television program, I offer a new way to address obesity discourse

The Best Loser System (BLS) in Mauritius is a component of the electoral system where candidates are selected by established procedure on the basis of their race or community to stand as members of parliament It is as a tool to protect minority interests. The main research question is the following : what are the human rights implications and the prospect of reform of the BLS in Mauritius? / A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Mr Angelo Matusse, Faculty of Law, Universidade Eduardo, Mondlane Mocambique. / Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa))--University of Pretoria, 2009. / http://www.chr.up.ac.za/ / Centre for Human Rights / LLM

This dissertation investigates the long-term performance of momentum portfolios. Its results show striking asymmetries for winners and losers and imply potentially different causes for the winner and loser components of momentum. After separately examining winners and losers relative to their respective benchmark portfolios with no momentum, we find winner momentum is smaller in magnitude, persists only for six months, and its higher return fully reverses. This is consistent with the notion that winner momentum is an overreaction to positive news and potentially destabilizing. Loser momentum is larger in magnitude, lasts for about one year, and its lower return does not reverse in the long run. This is consistent with the notion that loser momentum is an underreaction to negative news and suggests investors hold on to losers for too long. The lack of reversal for losers departs from prior studies whose findings are driven by the use of monthly rebalanced portfolio. Rebalancing cumulates an upward bias caused by noise-induced price volatility, which disproportionately affects losers more. This greater upward bias in losers creates an illusion that the winner minus loser return reverses. More appropriate approaches such as the buy-and-hold portfolio documents significantly less reversal. Existing theories that potentially conform to the overreaction of winners and underreaction of losers include overconfidence (Daniel, Hirshleifer, and Subrahmanyam, 1998), representativeness and conservatism (Barberis, Shleifer, and Vishny, 1998), interaction between agents holding asymmetric information (Hong and Stein, 1999), and investors' asymmetric response to fund performance (Vayanos and Woolley, 2013). / Doctor of Philosophy / The method employed to study a phenomenon can have an immense impact on our understanding. In the specific context of momentum - a strategy of buying stocks with good past performance and selling stocks with bad past performance, we show that the methodology choices as simple as how you form a portfolio and what you benchmark the portfolio against can produce significantly different results than previously documented. The documented pattern that momentum reverses over the long run, is confounded by the use of rebalanced portfolio and benchmarking winner and loser stocks against each other. Rebalancing embeds an upward bias into the return, with the bias increasing in the amount of noise in the price. Losers, having lower prices and smaller market values, suffer more from the upward bias. Thus, the reversal of the winner over loser return is more due to the inflated loser return from the bias than an underlying economic phenomenon. We confirm this by using a host of other portfolio formation methods that are known to mitigate the bias. With each of the other method, the loser return and the reversal are significantly reduced. We also suggest comparing winners and losers to a neutral benchmark with no momentum, rather than with each other to study the long-term pattern of momentum. This exercise turns out to be fruitful in that we find asymmetric behavior for winners and losers. Winner momentum fully reverses while loser momentum persists. The significance of the new results is that they affect our understanding of what drives momentum in the first place. The reversal of winners implies that winner momentum is an overreaction to positive news and potentially destabilizing. The persistence of losers indicates that loser momentum is an underreaction to negative news and implies investors hold on to losers for too long.

Den här studien använder sig av en Multimodal Kritisk Diskursanalys (MCDA) för att undersöka hur reality-showen Biggest Loser Sverige 2018 framställer överviktiga. Syftet med studien är att analysera hur seriens finalister framställs när dem är överviktiga respektive när dem är normalviktiga, samt undersöka ifall viktstigmatiserade attityder kommer till uttryck i programmet. Studiens teoretiska ramverk utgår från fältet hälsokommunikation, med fokus på stigmatiseringsteorin och stigmatiseringsprocessen. I analysen undersöks utvalda delar av Biggest Loser Sverige 2018 utifrån olika analysbegrepp hämtade från MCDA. Analysresultatet visar att programmet innehåller viktstigmatiserade attityder genom att finalisterna som överviktiga framställs som olyckliga och lata, iklädda för tighta kläder och ätandes ohälsosam mat. Dessutom filmas de utifrån kameravinklar som gör att deras kroppar ser större ut, samtidigt som ljussättningen är mörk och dyster. När finalisterna är normalviktiga framställs dem som lyckliga, självsäkra och iklädda figursydda kläder. De filmas dessutom utifrån kameravinklar som gör att deras kroppar ser mindre ut, tillsammans med en ljus ljussättning som framhäver deras kroppar på ett exklusivt sätt. Avslutningsvis i studien diskuteras hur den stora skillnaden i framställandet av finalisterna skapar viktstigmatiserade attityder genom att ge en diskriminerande bild av överviktiga människor. / This study uses a Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis (MCDA) to investigate how the reality-show Biggest Loser Sweden 2018 presents obesity. The purpose of the study is to analyze how the finalists of the series are presented as obese and non-obese, as well as investigate if weight-stigmatized attitudes are being expressed in the program. The theoretical framework of the study is based on the field of health communication, focusing on the stigmatization theory and the stigmatization process. The analysis examines selected parts of Biggest Loser Sweden 2018 based on various analytical concepts. The analysis results shows that the program contains weith stigmatized attitudes, by portaying the finalists as miserable and lazy, dressed in inappropriately fitting clothing and eating unhealthy food. Additionally, they are being filmed from unflattering wiews that makes their bodys look bigger, with a dark lightning. When the finalists are normalweighted, they are being presented as happy, confident and with close-fitting clothes. They are also being filmed from angles that make their bodys look smaller, and with a lightning that emphasizes their bodies in an exclusive way. In conclusion, the study discusses how the big difference in the presentation of the finalists may promote weight-stigmatized attitudes by giving a discriminatory picture of overweight people.

This study aims to examine if the modernization losers' thesis is applicable in Sweden today in regards to explaining differences in xenophobia. The material that is being examined is from the Swedish division of the European Social Survey round 7 from 2014. The results show some support for some parts of the theory, but are too complex to be generalized to the population. But the study show that education have a negative correlation with xenophobia, which is significant and therefore reliable. Problems with the study is, however, brought up and questioned and also the applicability of the theory which gives some guidelines to further and more specific studies. / Denna studie ämnar undersöka huruvida teorin om modernitetens förlorare går att applicera på dagens Sverige för att förklara skillnader i grad av främlingsfientlighet. Datamaterialet som undersökts är från den svenska delen av European Social Survey round 7 från år 2014. Resultaten ger visst stöd för delar av teorin, men visar sig alltför komplexa för att kunna generaliseras till populationen. Ju högre utbildningsgrad, desto lägre grad av främlingsfientlighet är dock ett signifikant och tillförlitligt resultat. Det tas också upp problem i såväl studiens genomförande som teorins applicerbarhet och riktlinjer ges för mer specifika studier som bör göras i framtiden.

Esta dissertação analisa o universo discursivo das obras de Raymond Carver, focando-se especialmente no silêncio e em como ele cria mecanismos de significação nos contos do autor. O objetivo principal é analisar a presença recorrente, nos contos de Carver, de personagens que podem ser classificados, culturalmente, como losers. Para embasar este trabalho, amparo-me nas teorias da Análise do Discurso Francesa e em seus pressupostos acerca do sujeito, história e língua. A questão do silêncio é analisada tomando como base as teorias desenvolvidas por Orlandi. Espera-se concluir que os personagens de Raymond Carver, no decorrer da carreira do autor, evoluem, passando de excluídos, sem voz e sem poder de discurso — características marcantes na fase minimalista; para uma fase de maior autonomia discursiva e inclusão social — mais frequente na fase final da sua carreira. / This dissertation analyzes the discursive universe of the fictional works of Raymond Carver, focusing specially in the role of silence and on how it creates mechanisms of signification in the short stories of the author. The main goal of this dissertation is to analyze the recurrent presence, in the short stories of Raymond Carver, of characters that can be classified, culturally, as ―losers‖. To support this paper, I use the theories of French Discourse Analysis and its presuppositions about language, subject and history. The issue of silence is analyzed with the endorsement of the theories developed by Eni Orlandi. I expect to conclude that the characters of Raymond Carver, throughout the career of the author, evolve, passing from excluded subjects who have no voice and no discursive authority — characteristics that are evident in the minimalist phase of the author; to a phase where the characters have a more significant discursive autonomy and social inclusion — characteristics that are more frequent in the final phase of Carver‘s career.

Esta dissertação analisa o universo discursivo das obras de Raymond Carver, focando-se especialmente no silêncio e em como ele cria mecanismos de significação nos contos do autor. O objetivo principal é analisar a presença recorrente, nos contos de Carver, de personagens que podem ser classificados, culturalmente, como losers. Para embasar este trabalho, amparo-me nas teorias da Análise do Discurso Francesa e em seus pressupostos acerca do sujeito, história e língua. A questão do silêncio é analisada tomando como base as teorias desenvolvidas por Orlandi. Espera-se concluir que os personagens de Raymond Carver, no decorrer da carreira do autor, evoluem, passando de excluídos, sem voz e sem poder de discurso — características marcantes na fase minimalista; para uma fase de maior autonomia discursiva e inclusão social — mais frequente na fase final da sua carreira. / This dissertation analyzes the discursive universe of the fictional works of Raymond Carver, focusing specially in the role of silence and on how it creates mechanisms of signification in the short stories of the author. The main goal of this dissertation is to analyze the recurrent presence, in the short stories of Raymond Carver, of characters that can be classified, culturally, as ―losers‖. To support this paper, I use the theories of French Discourse Analysis and its presuppositions about language, subject and history. The issue of silence is analyzed with the endorsement of the theories developed by Eni Orlandi. I expect to conclude that the characters of Raymond Carver, throughout the career of the author, evolve, passing from excluded subjects who have no voice and no discursive authority — characteristics that are evident in the minimalist phase of the author; to a phase where the characters have a more significant discursive autonomy and social inclusion — characteristics that are more frequent in the final phase of Carver‘s career.

Esta dissertação analisa o universo discursivo das obras de Raymond Carver, focando-se especialmente no silêncio e em como ele cria mecanismos de significação nos contos do autor. O objetivo principal é analisar a presença recorrente, nos contos de Carver, de personagens que podem ser classificados, culturalmente, como losers. Para embasar este trabalho, amparo-me nas teorias da Análise do Discurso Francesa e em seus pressupostos acerca do sujeito, história e língua. A questão do silêncio é analisada tomando como base as teorias desenvolvidas por Orlandi. Espera-se concluir que os personagens de Raymond Carver, no decorrer da carreira do autor, evoluem, passando de excluídos, sem voz e sem poder de discurso — características marcantes na fase minimalista; para uma fase de maior autonomia discursiva e inclusão social — mais frequente na fase final da sua carreira. / This dissertation analyzes the discursive universe of the fictional works of Raymond Carver, focusing specially in the role of silence and on how it creates mechanisms of signification in the short stories of the author. The main goal of this dissertation is to analyze the recurrent presence, in the short stories of Raymond Carver, of characters that can be classified, culturally, as ―losers‖. To support this paper, I use the theories of French Discourse Analysis and its presuppositions about language, subject and history. The issue of silence is analyzed with the endorsement of the theories developed by Eni Orlandi. I expect to conclude that the characters of Raymond Carver, throughout the career of the author, evolve, passing from excluded subjects who have no voice and no discursive authority — characteristics that are evident in the minimalist phase of the author; to a phase where the characters have a more significant discursive autonomy and social inclusion — characteristics that are more frequent in the final phase of Carver‘s career.