The theme of the diploma thesis is study the influence of structural systems for the energy performance of buildings. The thesis compares designed and measured values of the energy consumption of selected buildings with different bearing structure materials beside the results from numerical modeling of energy consumption.

Diploma thesis is aimed on solution of project documentation design of a four-storey low-energy block of apartments with a flat roof in the degree of project realization. The object has a collective garage on first floor and no basement. The structure is designed with the emphasis on overall energy saving, which was documented by detailed calculation of the energy performance of the building under Decree No.78 / 2013 Coll. and ČSN 73 0540-2.

This diploma thesis deals with the design of a heating system for a "low-energy" house. It is conceived as a low temperature system using a combination of radiators and underfloor heating. The design is supplemented with a calculation of heat loss, a proposal of needed components, a scheme of the system and means of regulation. The second part solves the heat source selection. A solar system with vacuum tubes is used as the primary source. The second one is an electrical water heater located in the accumulation reservoir for the hot domestic water. Necessary calculations for the design of the solar system, together with a scheme and means of regulation, are enclosed in this section.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to assess the economic efficiency of alow-energy and passive construction. This paper presents problems of lowenergy and passive construction, their individual characteristics, classification, construction materials, evaluation methods and opportunities for economic assessment due to the investment costs of implementation objects. The main practical part focuses on comparing the investment and operating costs for the construction of a standard, low-energy and passive house. Together with this are processed simple labels building. The out come of this diploma thesis is the calculation of returnability increased by the initial investment in the construction of a standard, low-energy and passive house.

This Master's thesis deals with the development of a mobile application for a control of the supervisory system in caravans and motorhomes. The thesis presents the currently available principles and research of the existing solutions. This custom solution includes an Android application and a desktop application of the central unit simulator of the supervisory system. The simulator is based on the Node.js and node-webkit technologies. The simulator communicates with the devices available via RF Transciever and it simulates other devices. The mobile application communicates with the simulator via Bluetooth Low Energy and GSM. Major part of the implementation description is devoted to the Bluetooth Low Energy technology and to issues, which are associated with it. The resulting solution puts emphasis on the usability of the user interface and the ability to supervise a wide range of connected devices. The system also implements custom logic alerts for tracked events. The thesis concludes with evaluation of the resulting system and outlining the future development options.

The diploma thesis focuses on specification of standard type buildings and Smart City buildings differences. Thesis also contain a history part of individual buildings category, including their specification. The aim of thesis is to determine designs for changes of building valuation in Smart City standard. Theoretical part contains basic definition and limitation of terms from civil engineering branch and structural types, summary of historical development of houses and evaluation by cost method, most common used experience. Practical part is focused on calculation. According real houses cost of three detached houses in Smart standard, there are calculated new price ratio which enter into cost method valuation. Their effectiveness is verified together with newly design adaptation of cost method valuation on next five detached houses in Smart standard.

Indoor air quality is a measure of clean air with comfort conditions and depiction of lower concentration of air pollutants. It is tedious task to achieve all quality measures at a time with smart energy consumption. This research aims to come up with a solution of how to improve smart ventilation system in order to get clean indoor air with less consumption of electric energy. Many studies showed that scheduled ventilation system has proven to be a good solution to this problem. For this purpose, a long-term sensor data of smart ventilation system Renson healthbox and Luvians data is studied which is operated in Dalarnas villa. This research investigates how this system works in two modes and to improve it by customized scheduling.A regression model is constructed in which the relationship between airflow and CO2 is shown. For this purpose, correlation analysis is used in which the connection of bonds between each data features are analyzed. After the feature selection, as a result from correlation matrix, regression analysis is used to find out whether the selected features are linearly related or not. Regression analysis also used for the intent to quantify a model to estimate the flowrate and CO2. A mathematical model is also build to simulate the flowrate and CO2 with energy consumption.The results showed that, in order to provide better indoor air quality with efficient energy consumption, a necessary modification of the fan schedule should be done in a way that fan must be started little bit earlier to avoid harmful particles reach their upper threshold limits. This can result in reduction of fan’s maximum speed hence consumption of less energy is achieved.

Environmental change is a fact in today’s society. Temperatures are increasing around the world. A reason for this is thought to be an increase in emissions of carbon dioxide and other hazardous substances.To reduce the load on the environment, it is important that each and every one of us works towards a greener planet. A simple and effective way to reduce the strain on the planet is by recycling. In this project, we have designed a product that will facilitate and streamline recycling.The product uses the microcontroller ATMega328P, whose task is to measure and inform about filling levels in recycling containers with the help of ultrasonic sensors. This data will then be transmitted with GPRS for further processing.The product has a transmitter and a receiver part. The transmitter part amplifies a PWM signal before it is transmitted. The ultrasonic waves reflect against an object before it gets picked up by the receiver part. The receiver part filters and amplifies the reflected signal which is then used to calculate the distance to the object. To make sure that it is the correct distance, the outdoor temperature is used for the calculations.It is a battery-powered product that is designed to withstand extreme temperatures and have a long battery life without allowing the price to be too high. The product is small, compact and discrete product because everything but the GPRS module sits on a 5x5 cm printed circuit board. The product is also cheap. The most expensive parts are the batteries. By making them easily exchangeable it allows for cheaper batteries to be used and therefore also makes the product as a whole cheaper.Through measurements of the needed data the product can streamline the logistics and management of recycling. The users of the product can through this gain an economical and environmental profit.KeywordsUltrasonic, sensor, low energy, battery, microcontroller, transistor amplifier, PCB, GPRS, sustainability, M2M, Internet of things. / Miljöförändringar är ett faktum i dagens samhälle. Det sker temperaturökningar runt om i världen. En anledning tros vara ett ökat utsläpp av koldioxid och andra miljöfarliga ämnen i naturen.För att minska belastningen på miljön är det viktigt att varje individ arbetar mot en grönare planet. Ett enkelt sätt att minska belastningen på planeten är genom att återvinna. I detta projekt har vi konstruerat en produkt som ska underlätta och effektivisera återvinning.Produkten använder mikrokontrollern ATMega328P, vars uppgift är att mäta och informera om fyllnadsnivåer i behållare med hjälp av ultraljudsensorer. Denna data sänds sedan ut med en GPRS-enhet för vidare behandling.I produkten finns en sändardel som förstärker en PWM-signal innan den sänds ut från produkten. Ultraljudsvågen reflekteras mot ett föremål och mottas sedan av mottagardelen i produkten, som sedan filtrerar och förstärker den reflekterade signalen. Produkten kan sedan beräkna avståndet till föremål genom en mätning och kalkylering av temperaturen på omgivningen och data från ultraljudsmätningen.Produkten är batteridriven och är anpassad för att tåla extrema temperaturer samt ha en lång batterilivslängd utan att priset rinner iväg. Produkten är liten, kompakt och diskret eftersom allt utom GPRS-modulen sitter på ett 5x5 cm kretskort. Produkten är också billig. Batterierna är de dyraste på produkten. Genom att göra batterierna utbytbara tillåter det för användande av billigare batterier, vilket också gör att produkten som helhet sjunker i pris.De noggranna mätningarna kan genom data som samlats in och distribuerats, effektivisera logistiken och hantering kring återvinning. Användarna av produkten kan genom detta tillhandahålla en ekonomisk och en miljömässig vinst.

The purpose of this project was to create a gateway between a Z-Wave device and a Bluetooth device.The gateway is supposed to make it possible for the company AES AB to sell and install a dynamic load balancer to their EV charger, even after it’s already been installed. The method that was used during this project was LIPS, where the project where divided into multiple subtargets. Each subtarget then had it’s own test which is shown in the results. The results for the overall project and not just the subtargets, are that a concept solution was created. The concept solution was able to forward the Z-Wave devices values to the Bluetooth device that was the target, but did so using a Raspberry Pi and a Z-Wave stick instead of a Z-Wave transceiver. The conclusion for the bachelor thesis is that the concept solution worked, and the demands of the assignment was fullfilled.

Les avancées technologiques permettent d'intégrer des capteurs et des modules de communication dans les objets du quotidien pour les rendre intelligents et faciliter leur intégration sur l'Internet. L'Internet du futur sera sans nul doute celui des objets connectés. Les objets connectés génèrent, collectent, stockent et partagent des informations entre eux et aussi avec les serveurs d'authentification centralisés. La plupart des informations collectées doivent être protégées pendant le stockage et le transfert. Par le passé, divers protocoles assurant une sécurité robuste basés sur la cryptographie asymétrique et d’autres sur la cryptographie symétrique ont été proposés dans la littérature. Du fait que les objets connectés possèdent de faibles capacités de calcul, de mémoire et d'énergie, et que l'accès au medium radio est très consommateur en ressources, les protocoles cryptographiques traditionnels ne sont pas adaptés aux objets connectés. Il y a lieu donc d'adapter ou de concevoir des protocoles propres et conformes à leurs exigences. Dans cette thèse, nous abordons les défis de sécurité et de vie privée pertinents aux systèmes pervasifs avec des contraintes de ressources strictes. Nous regardons les protocoles d'authentification serverless, qui sont des mécanismes d'authentification qui ne nécessitent pas la présence du serveur central au cours de la phase d'authentification entre deux objets connectés. Tout d'abord, nous fournissons les caractéristiques et les besoins pour les protocoles serverless. Grâce à ces besoins et caractéristiques, nous avons fait des recherches, des analyses complètes et des comparaisons des protocoles serverless existants en termes de sécurité, de vie privée et de performances. Nous examinons leurs capacités à résister à diverses attaques et leurs aptitudes à minimiser l’usage des ressources. Après quoi, notre objectif est de proposer des protocoles de sécurité serverless permettant aux objets de s’authentifier tout en garantissant efficacité, passage à l’échelle et efficacité énergétique, l'énergie étant une ressource très critique qui a une influence directe sur la durée de vie d’un objet connecté. Trois nouvelles contributions sont proposées dans cette thèse. Notre première contribution est un protocole léger serverless d'authentification mutuelle pour les objets connectés hétérogènes. La première contribution fournit trois avantages par rapport aux protocoles existants. Cette contribution répond aux exigences des systèmes pervasifs. La validation de notre proposition a été faite en utilisant l'outil AVISPA et la validation informelle en utilisant sécurité et de vie privée des jeux. Notre deuxième contribution comprend deux protocoles complémentaires dans le domaine des technologies RFID. Le premier protocole vise à l'authentification de masse entre un lecteur RFID et un groupe d'étiquettes tandis que le deuxième protocole effectue une recherche sécurisée pour une étiquette cible parmi un groupe d'étiquettes dans le voisinage du lecteur. Les deux protocoles proposés tiennent compte des contraintes de ressources des étiquettes RFID. Après une étude approfondie des protocoles serverless, nous avons proposé une troisième contribution, un guide pour la conception des protocoles serverless sécurisé et efficaces pour les systèmes pervasifs. Le guide contient six principes et six meilleures pratiques en vue d'élaborer des protocoles serverless. Le guide est destiné à aider à la conception de protocoles serverless efficaces, sécurisés et simples en évitant des erreurs couramment faites dans les protocoles existants / This thesis addresses the security and privacy challenges relevant to the resource constrained devices in the era of pervasive computing. Pervasive computing, a term coined by Schechter to describe the idea of computing services available anytime, anywhere and on demand, is characterized by seamless interactions between heterogeneous players in the Internet. This phenomenon allows intelligent chips, sensors or microcontrollers to be embedded into everyday objects to enable them generate, communicate and share information. Pervasive computing accelerates technological evolution by integrating small and resource constrained devices to the Internet arena, eventually opening doors to new services requiring seamless interactions and integrations with the existing technologies, infrastructures and services. The nature of the information generated, stored and shared by resource constrained devices may require proper security and privacy guarantees. Towards that end, the classical security solutions are not ideal candidates to solve the security and privacy challenges in pervasive systems for two reasons. First, classical security protocols require a lot of resources from the host devices while most of the pervasive devices have very strict resource constraints. Second, most classical security solutions work in a connected mode, which requires constant communication between devices and centralized servers for authentication and authorization purposes. However, pervasive devices may be working in isolated areas with intermittent network coverage and connectivity. Thus, it is ideal to come up with alternative solutions suitable for heterogeneous pervasive devices to smoothly interact, authenticate and securely share information. One of the suitable alternative solutions is the serverless protocols. The term “serverless protocol” refers to the mechanism of enabling centrally controlled devices to autonomously authenticate one another, or other heterogeneous devices, without an active participation of the centralized authentication or authorization servers. Serverless protocols prioritize on securing proximity communication between heterogeneous devices while optimizing on the little resources available. In this thesis, we tackle the challenges of pervasive systems by proposing lightweight and efficient serverless protocols for authenticating heterogeneous pervasive devices during proximity communication. Our proposed protocols derive their originality from the fact that they do not require the communicating parties to have prior relationships with each other, nor to have any previously shared authentication information with each other. Moreover, our proposed solutions incorporate context information to enforce automatic parameter expiry. This property is not supported by most of the earlier versions of the serverless protocol schemes, hence making them vulnerable to different attacks. Three novel contributions are proposed in this thesis. First, we propose a serverless lightweight mutual authentication protocol for heterogeneous devices. The first contribution includes a formal validation using the AVISPA tool. Second, we propose two complementing protocols using RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification) as a core technology. The first protocol performs mass authentication between an RFID reader and a group of tags and the second protocol performs a secure search for a target tag among a group of tags. The second contribution includes two formal validations; one is done using the AVISPA tool and the other is done using the CryptoVerif tool. After a thorough study of serverless protocols, we propose our third contribution, a concise guide on how to develop secure and efficient serverless protocols relevant to the pervasive systems