The purpose of this Master’s thesis is to broaden the horizon of customizable features available in the luminaire design industry. The aim was to study if enhanced customization features like light distribution, colour of light and use of sustainable materials can help foster emotional attachment and increased usage with the possibility of extending luminaire life. The conclusion here is drawn based on literature review, survey, prototype development and user experiment followed by assessment questionnaire. The table lamp prototype created allowed participants to change colour of light, materials and light distribution of the luminaire according to their mood and preferences. The study indicates these enhanced customization features positively influenced the participants mood, ambience and usage of the product. The survey and user assessment were both qualitative and quantitative in nature. However, all the data collected was quantified for a better understanding of the impact these enhanced features had on the participants. The participants felt a sense of ownership, satisfaction, and accomplishment because of the customization process. As a result, participants say they would prefer repair and replacement over disposal and would want to keep using the luminaire for a long time. The study concluded that enhanced customization features in luminaries can foster emotional connections, increase longevity, and promote sustainable consumption.

The intention of this work is to represent the nomadic culture by a luminaire. Inspired by the nomadic Mongolian ger(yurt) and based on its physical and cultural characters, the work is done by designing a portable luminaire with the concept of the solar solution. The whole project is an attempt of bringing traditional culture items to luminaire design and searching for the balance between them.

Reflector design stemmed from the need to shape the light emitted by candles or lamps. Over 2,000 years ago people realized that a mirror shaped as a parabola can concentrate light, and thus significantly boosts its intensity, to the point where objects can be set afire. Nowadays many applications require an accurate control of light, such as automotive headlights, streetlights, projection displays, and medical illuminators. In all cases light emitted from a light source can be shaped into a desired target distribution with a reflective surface. Design methods for systems with rotational and translational symmetry were devised in the 1930s. However, the freeform reflector shapes required to illuminate targets with no such symmetries proved to be much more challenging to design. Even when the source is assumed to be a point, the reflector shape is governed by a set of second-order partial non-linear differential equations that cannot be solved with standard numerical integration techniques. An iterative approach to solve the problem for a discrete target, known as the method of supporting ellipsoids, was recently proposed by Oliker. In this research we report several efficient implementations of the method of supporting ellipsoids, based on the point source approximation, and we propose new reflector design techniques that take into account the extent of the source. More specifically, this work has led to three major achievements. First, a thorough analysis of the method of supporting ellipsoids was performed that resulted in two alternative implementations of the algorithm, which enable a fast generation of freeform reflector shapes within the point source approximation. We tailored the algorithm in order to provide control over the parameters of interest to the designers, such as the reflector scale and geometry. Second, the shape generation algorithm was used to analyze how source flux can be mapped onto the target. We derived the condition under which a given source-target mapping can be achieved with a smooth continuous surface, referred as the integrability condition. We proposed a method to derive mappings that satisfy the integrability condition. We then use these mappings to quickly generate reflector shapes that create continuous target distributions as opposed to reflectors generated with the method of supporting ellipsoids that create discrete sets of points on the target. We also show how mappings that do not satisfy the integrability condition can be achieved by introducing step discontinuities in the reflector surface. Third, we investigated two methods to design reflectors with extended sources. The first method uses a compensation approach where the prescribed target distribution is adjusted iteratively. This method is effective for compact sources and systems with rotational or translational symmetry. The second method tiles the source images created by a reflector designed with the method of supporting ellipsoids and then blends the source images together using scattering in order to obtain a continuous target distribution. This latter method is effective for freeform reflectors and target distributions with no sharp variations. Finally, several case studies illustrate how these methods can be successfully applied to design reflectors for general illumination applications such as street lighting or luminaires. We show that the proposed design methods can ease the design of freeform reflectors and provide efficient, cost-effective solutions that avoid unnecessary energy consumption and light pollution.

Projektet har haft som syfte att i samarbete med Örsjö Belysning AB ta fram en vägghängd armatur för hotell som ska ha funktion som ljus till att läsa vid sängen. Lampan har haft krav på hållbar utveckling. Lampan har en energieffektiv ljuskälla, vald med hänsyn till sitt syfte, och ingående material har valts med stark miljöhänsyn. Form och funktion har varit viktiga begrepp och har parallellt följts åt i projektet. Produkten har konstruerats för en okomplicerad isärtagning så att delarna enkelt kan sorteras och återvinnas vid armaturens avslutade användning. / The project has served to, in cooperation with Örsjö Belysning AB, develop a wall mounted luminaire for hotel rooms that will function as a bedside reading light. The lamp has had requirements for sustainable development. The lamp has an energy-efficient light source, selected for its purpose, and the materials have been selected by strong environmental concerns. Form following function is an important concept for this project. The product is designed for a straightforward disassembly so that parts can be easily sorted and recycled at the end of use of the fixture.

<p>Projektet har haft som syfte att i samarbete med Örsjö Belysning AB ta fram en vägghängd armatur för hotell som ska ha funktion som ljus till att läsa vid sängen. Lampan har haft krav på hållbar utveckling. Lampan har en energieffektiv ljuskälla, vald med hänsyn till sitt syfte, och ingående material har valts med stark miljöhänsyn. Form och funktion har varit viktiga begrepp och har parallellt följts åt i projektet. Produkten har konstruerats för en okomplicerad isärtagning så att delarna enkelt kan sorteras och återvinnas vid armaturens avslutade användning.</p> / <p>The project has served to, in cooperation with Örsjö Belysning AB, develop a wall mounted luminaire for hotel rooms that will function as a bedside reading light. The lamp has had requirements for sustainable development. The lamp has an energy-efficient light source, selected for its purpose, and the materials have been selected by strong environmental concerns. Form following function is an important concept for this project. The product is designed for a straightforward disassembly so that parts can be easily sorted and recycled at the end of use of the fixture.</p>

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This work presents an optimization methodology for lighting systems that employ LED. Initially, this work brings a calculation methodology capable of obtaining a thermal resistance of heat sink from their dimensions of area, besides enable optimization of the system through reducing their volume by through of change in the number of finned, length and consequently the weight of heat sink. Subsequently, the thesis present a new optimization methodology that has the objective of find the optimal point of operation lighting system taking into consideration the parameters of application current in the device, luminous flux, junction temperature, thermal resistance heat sink, number of LED and lifetime. An example of project is shown, confirming the theory, where the obtained results through of routine calculation coincided with the values found in experimental. The work also present the development of electronic topologies to power a public lighting system employing LED. Therefore, a driver to power of LED based in the integrated two-flyback converters was proposed. One prototype this system was implemented, where the luminaire provide a power of 63W. The experimental results proved the project methodology through of system satisfactory operation, presenting power factor near unit, high efficiency and a low input current distortion was obtained. / Este trabalho apresenta uma metodologia de otimização para sistemas de iluminação que empregam LEDs. Inicialmente, traz-se uma metodologia de cálculos capaz de obter a resistência térmica de dissipadores de calor a partir de suas dimensões de área, além de possibilitar a otimização do sistema através da redução do volume do mesmo por meio da variação do número de aletas, do comprimento e consequentemente da massa do dissipador. Posteriormente o trabalho apresenta uma nova metodologia de otimização que tem o objetivo de encontrar o ponto ótimo de operação do sistema de iluminação, levando-se em conta os parâmetros de corrente direta aplicada no dispositivo, fluxo luminoso, temperatura de junção, resistência térmica do dissipador, número de LEDs e vida útil dos mesmos. Um exemplo de projeto é demonstrado confirmando a teoria apresentada, onde os resultados obtidos através da rotina de cálculos coincidiram com os valores encontrados experimentalmente. O trabalho também apresenta o desenvolvimento de uma topologia eletrônica para alimentar um sistema de iluminação pública empregando LEDs. Dessa maneira, um driver para acionamento de LEDs baseado na integração de dois conversores flyback foi proposto. Um protótipo desse sistema foi implementado, onde a luminária apresenta uma potência de 63W. Resultados experimentais comprovam a metodologia de projeto através da operação satisfatória do sistema, apresentando fator de potência próximo ao unitário, elevada eficiência e o conteúdo harmônico da corrente de entrada do sistema de iluminação atendeu a norma.

The main tasks of the thesis lie in summary of present state in Human Centric Lighting field, in the optical design of luminaire and in practical verification of the proposal. The design is developed in software LightTools and for the verification of functionality the software Dialux EVO is employed. The luminaire is designed primarily with respect to the influence of light on the man and the physiological, psychological and behavioural responses in humans. The thesis is created in cooperation with the company Robe Lighting s.r.o. The proposal of the luminaire corresponds to the current state of knowledge in the area of light influence on humans. The designed luminaire in the trend HCL is distinguished by the high quality of emitted light but also with higher costs of the operation.

Ljus påverkar människan psykiskologiskt och fysiskt, trots detta är de krav som idag finns på belysningen inte tillräckliga för att beakta de miljöegenskaper ljuset bidrar med. Ett visst ljus i kombination med en viss färg och material påverkar människan på olika sätt. De krav som ställs tar bara hänsyn till de tekniska aspekterna. Hur ljus estetiskt påverkar ett rum är en faktor detta arbete tar hänsyn till, då det påverkar människans välmående. Detta projekt behandlar två olika rum, ett rum för träning och behandling samt ett väntrum på en sjukgymnastikavdelning tillhörande Södersjukhuset i Stockholm. Dessa två rum har genomgått en ljusstudie och ljusplanering med syfte att skapa en ljussättning som är anpassad för sitt ändamål och som upplevs trivsam och behaglig. Vissa skillnader mellan projektets framtagna förslag och ett verkligt projekterat förslag har även jämförts. För att genomföra ljusstudien och ljusplaneringen har beräkningar utförts i belysningsprogrammet RELUX. På grund av att ljus inte enbart kan simuleras med hjälp av datorprogram har även fysiska modeller byggts för att analysera valet av färgtemperatur. Studiebesök på sjukgymnastpraktiker och träningsanläggningar har gjorts för att få inspiration. Även intervjuer med sjukgymnaster har gjorts för att få förståelse för vilka faktorer som måste tas hänsyn till vid en ljusplanering för denna typ av verksamhet. Litteraturstudier har gjorts för att få en djupare kunskap i hur ljus agerar i olika miljöer. Ljusplaneringen har resulterat i en jämn och god belysning i de två rummen. Kraven för belysning enligt SS-EN 12464–1:2011, har uppfyllts. Ljuskällornas färgtemperaturer har fastställts med hänsyn till färgerna i rummen, varmvit i väntrummet och neutral i tränings-/behandlingsrummet. Armaturer med uppljus och nedljus har valts i syfte att minska bländning och luminansskillnader. Downlights har valts för att belysa väggar och föremål. För att skapa en upplivande atmosfär i rummen har även dekorbelysning använts. Slutsatsen av detta arbete har visat att det är viktigt att ta hänsyn till en jämn belysning, anpassa belysningen och ljuskällans färgtemperatur efter färgsättning och material samt att anpassa belysningen efter alla synuppgifter som kan komma att krävas av personen som skall utföra arbetsuppgifter i rummet. / Light affects humans psychologically and physically, despite this the lighting requirements does not pay regard to the environmental characteristics that light contributes with. A specific light in combination with a specific color and material affects the human being in different ways. The lighting requirements only takes the technical aspects into account. In this project consideration will be given to how the light aesthetic affects the well-being. In this project two rooms will be processed, a waiting room as well as a room meant for rehabilitation. The rooms are placed in a building that includes physiotherapy at Södersjukhuset in Stockholm. The rooms have participated in a light study to create a light environment that is adjusted to its purpose as well as it is pleasantly perceived. Some differences between this lighting project and an actual lighting project have been compared. To perform this light study, various calculations have been done in the lighting planning software RELUX. Light can not solely be simulated with computer software, therefore physical models have been built to analyze the choice of color temperature. Visits to physiotherapy practices and training facilities have been done for inspirational purposes. Interviews with physiotherapists have also been done to reach a better understanding of what factors are needed to be taken under consideration while planning the lighting. Literature studies have been made to get a deeper knowledge in how light reacts in different environments. The lighting planning has resulted in an even lighting in both rooms. The requirements for lighting according to SS-EN 12464-1:2011 have been fulfilled. The different color temperatures of the light sources have been determined regarding the colors of the rooms, warm white in the waiting room and neutral in the rehabilitation room. Armatures with up and down lights have been chosen with the purpose of decreasing glare luminary differences. Downlights have been chosen to lighten up the walls and various objects. To create an uplifting atmosphere in the room, decor lighting have also been used. The conclusion of this work has shown that it is important to take luminance uniformity, adapt the light and color temperature to the room and its colors and materials into account. It is also important to adapt the light to all the different visual works that can take place in the room.

Trafikförvaltningen, som ansvarar för kollektivtrafiken i Stockholm, har startat ett projekt för att byta ut befintliga armaturer i Stockholms tunnelbana mot LED-armaturer. Denna rapport utför förarbetet inför en kommande upphandling. Detta arbete utvärderar olika LED-armaturers tekniska specifikationer som är lämpliga för Stockholms tunnelbana där armaturerna ska bytas ut. För denna miljö saknas det i dagsläget standarder som är anpassade för LED-armaturer. Med hjälp av litteraturstudier och mätningar kunde underlag för en kravspecifikation skapas. Mätningar har gjorts på ett urval av LED-armaturer och deras tekniska specifikation har presenterats. Samtliga armaturer klarade EMC-testerna (elektromagnetisk kompabilitet) där inga störningar uppstod vid frekvenserna för Storstockholms Lokaltrafiks (SL) radiokommunikationssystem. Arbetet har även hanterat miljö- samt den ekonomiska aspekten av implementeringen av LED-belysning. / Trafikförvaltningen, responsible for public transport in Stockholm, has started a project to replace existing luminaires in the subway of Stockholm to LED lights. This thesis could be a basis for an upcoming procurement. In this report, various models of LED lights technical specifications will be evaluated based on the environmental requirements in Stockholm’s subway, where the existing luminaires will be replaced. For this environment, there is no standard regarding LED lights today. With the help of literature studies and tests, a groundwork for a specification could be made. The tests were only made on a selection of LED lights and their technical specifications were presented. All luminaires passed the EMC (electromagnetic compatibility) tests that were made in order to determine any interference with Stockholm’s public transport (SL) radio communication system. Environmental aspects and economical aspects of the implementation of LED lights has been taken into consideration.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work presents an LED electrothermal design methodology applied to a street lighting system. The methodology aims to provide indicatives of the optimal LED operating point for lighting systems design, considering electrical, thermal and photometric system features. Different projects are developed according to the methodology, the theoretical results are compared with fluid dynamics simulation and demonstrated by experimental results. A research including luminous flux, luminous efficacy and flicker is performed considering the LED current ripple, defining acceptable levels of ripple based on the optimal operational point. The methodology is applied by developing a lighting system composed of an LED driver and a thermal dissipation system, comprising a luminaire, a heatsink and fans. The lighting system includes electrothermal feedback control. The results provide high power factor with low current harmonic distortion to the power grid. The LED operational temperature ensures the luminous flux maintenance over the system lifetime. / Este trabalho apresenta uma metodologia de projeto eletrotérmico de LEDs aplicada a um sistema de iluminação pública. A metodologia tem o objetivo de proporcionar indicativos do melhor ponto de operação do LED para o projeto de sistemas de iluminação, considerando os aspectos elétricos, térmicos e fotométricos envolvidos no sistema. Diferentes projetos são desenvolvidos utilizando a metodologia, os resultados teóricos obtidos são comparados com simulações computacionais de dinâmica dos fluidos e comprovados através de resultados experimentais. Um estudo do fluxo, eficácia e cintilação luminosa é também realizado considerando a ondulação de corrente aplicada aos LEDs, definindo os níveis aceitáveis de ondulação com base no ponto ótimo de operação. Para aplicação da metodologia é desenvolvido um sistema de iluminação pública composto por um circuito de acionamento dos LEDs e um sistema de dissipação térmica, formado por uma luminária, um dissipador de calor e ventiladores. O sistema de iluminação possui controle com realimentação eletrotérmica. Os resultados obtidos proporcionam alto fator de potência com baixa distorção harmônica ao sistema elétrico e temperatura de operação que garante a manutenção do fluxo luminoso dos LEDs durante toda a vida útil do sistema.