Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-05-13Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:50:24Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 botaro_ja_me_arafcf.pdf: 1079828 bytes, checksum: e3d6aa320e7262e913df25c024a8740c (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Recentemente, a indústria de alimentos está preocupada em desenvolver novos produtos, usando ingredientes inovadores, que promovam benefícios à saúde. O uso de proteínas de leguminosas como uma alternativa para a proteína animal tem sido estudada. O tremoço branco (Lupinus albus L.) apresenta elevada concentração de proteína e óleo, principalmente ácidos graxos insaturados e poliinsaturados, fibra alimentar, açúcares e vitaminas B1 e B2. Por outro lado, o tremoço não pode ser consumido diretamente porque possui alcaloides, que além de serem tóxicos, atribuem gosto amargo ao grão. Como a maioria dos alcaloides é solúvel em água, a quantidade de alcaloide do grão pode ser diminuída através de água corrente, fervente ou salmoura. Sucos de frutas são bastante consumidos no Brasil, especialmente no verão, não somente pelo sabor, mas como fonte de hidratação e por serem ricos em nutrientes. Os sucos de frutas tropicais conquistam cada vez mais o mercado consumidor, sendo o Brasil, um dos principais produtores. A pitanga, fruto da pitangueira (Eugenia uniflora L.) é uma planta frutífera nativa do Brasil (das regiões Sul e Sudeste e que tem se adaptado favoravelmente às condições climáticas e edáficas da região Nordeste), da Argentina e do Uruguai. A pitanga é uma fruta cuja polpa apresenta excelentes condições para industrialização, devido ao seu alto rendimento, aroma agradável e sabor exótico. O objetivo do presente estudo foi o de verificar, através da metodologia de superfície de resposta, as melhores condições para a utilização simultânea de extrato aquoso de tremoço branco e de suco tropical de pitanga, no desenvolvimento de uma bebida. Para tanto, as variáveis independentes foram representadas pelo volume de extrato aquoso de tremoço (mL) e pelo volume de suco de pitanga... / Recently, the food industry is concerned about developing new products, using innovative ingredients that promote health benefits. The use of vegetable protein as an alternative to animal protein is being studied. The white lupine (Lupinus albus L.) has high concentrations of protein and oil, especially non saturated fatty acids and polynonsaturated fats, dietary fiber, sugars and vitamins B1 and B2. On the other hand, the lupine bean can’t be consumed straight because it has alkaloids which besides being toxic, add a bitter taste to the bean. As most alkaloids are water soluble, the amount of alkaloid in the beans can be reduced by running water, boiling or brine. Fruit juices are widely consumed in Brazil, especially in the summer, not only for their flavor, but as a source of hydration and because they are rich in nutrients. The tropical fruit juices are conquering the market more and more, with Brazil being one of the main producers in the world. The Pitanga (Eugenia uniflora L.) is the fruit of the Pitangueira, a native plant of southern Brazil (which has adapted positively to weather and soil conditions in the country’s Northeast), Argentina and Uruguay. Pitanga is a fruit which pulp presents excellent conditions for industrialization, due to its high yield, pleasant aroma and exotic flavor. The aim of the present study was to verify, through the response surface methodology, the optimum conditions for the combined use of aqueous extract of white lupine and tropical pitanga juice in the development of a drink. Therefore, the independent variables were represented by the volume of aqueous extract of lupine (mL) and by the volume of pitanga juice (mL). The dependent variables (responses) were obtained through sensory test of acceptance (appearance, aroma, taste and overall acceptability). The combined... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-06-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:50:30Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 molina_jp_me_arafcf.pdf: 1805522 bytes, checksum: adb34fd5733f36fbfa386d389f68be89 (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / No presente trabalho, objetivou-se a determinar a composição química da farinha da semente de grão-de-bico, cultivar Cícero e do tremoço branco; o estabelecimento de condições de extração das proteínas; a separação das diferentes frações protéicas e caracterizou o comportamento térmico das frações protéicas. A composição química da farinha do grão-de-bico revelou valores de 18,72% de proteína, 10,02 % de umidade, 2,96% de cinzas e 2,6% de extrato etéreo. Já a composição química do tremoço revelou valores de 49,88% de proteína, 8,1% de umidade, 1,54% de cinzas e 2,94% de extrato etéreo. As frações do o grão-de-bico, cultivar Cícero, de maior conteúdo protéico foram a globulina com 88,67%, seguida da glutelina 74,78% e albumina 61,69% e prolamina 7,75%. Para o tremoço branco as frações de maiores conteúdos protéicos foram a albumina 91,33%, seguida da glutelina 89,24% e globulina 41,37%. O valor de energia gasta no processo endotérmico para o evento de desnaturação da proteína das frações protéicas do grão-de-bico, cultivar Cícero, expressos em H/Jg-1 é 190,3 para albumina, 154,3 para globulina, 140,4 para glutelina e 35,97 para prolamina. Para as frações protéicas do tremoço branco os valores expressos em H/Jg-1 é 173,6 para albumina, 208,8 para globulina e 126,0 para glutelina. O H/Jg-1 para prolamina não foi determinado. / The present study aimed to determine the chemical composition of the chickpeas, grow cicero and white lupine seed flour and the establishment of conditions for protein extraction, separation of different protein fractions and characterized the behavior thermal of the protein fractions. Now chemical composition of chickpeas flour revealed values of 18.72% protein, 10.02% moisture, 2.96% ash and 2.6% ether extract. Now the chemical composition of lupine revealed values of 49.88% protein, 8.1% moisture, 1.54% ash and 2.94% ether extract. The fractions for the chickpeas, Cicero is growing, of larger protein content were is globulin with 88.67%, followed by glutelin and albumin 74.78% 61.69% and 7.75% prolamin. For the white lupine, the fraction of larger protein content were is albumin 91.33%, followed by glutelin and globulin 89.24% 41.37%. The amount of energy expended in the endothermic process in the event of protein denaturation of the protein fractions of chickpeas, grow Cicero expressed in ΔH/Jg-1 is 190.3 for albumin, globulin to 154.3, 140, 4 to 35.97 for glutelin and prolamin. For the protein fractions of white lupine values in ΔH/Jg-1 is 173.6 for albumin, globulin and 208.8 to 126.0 for glutelin. The ΔH/Jg-1 to prolamin not determined.

The objective of this work was to characterize promising isolated rhizobium of L. albescens in the nitrogen biological fixation. Two hundred and four isolates were obtained from three species of lupine (L. albescens, L. lanatos e Lupinus sp.). Thirty-eight isolates chosen randomly were characterized through their phenotype and submitted to an authenticity test done in the greenhouse. In order to select symbiotic strains that synthesizes leghaemoglobin. The promising isolates were identified by their phenotypic characteristics by comparing twenty-one strains of rhizobium. The physiological characteristics of the promising isolated were determined and evaluated about the growing capacity in different temperatures, NaCl concentrations and pH, and a molecular characterization by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the primer BOX. An experiment, in the greenhouse, was made to determine the symbiosis efficiency by the total nitrogen, and the dried mass in the aerial part and in the roots, and the number of nodules. The phenotypic characterization of the thirty-eight isolated enabled the development of 11 groups with distinct characteristics. The UFSM L1.3 strain developed nodules and leghaemoglobin when associated to L. Albescens and was identified in the genus Bradyrhizobium. The UFSM L1.3 strain presented growing in the temperature from 28 to 32°C, in a NaCl concentration of 0,1% and in a pH from 4,0 to 8,0. The standard of polymorphism generated by the primer BOX-PCR enabled to distinguish the UFSM L1.3 isolated from the others. The symbiosis efficiency of the UFSM L1.3 isolated was of 94,2% when compared to the without nitrogen. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi isolar e caracterizar populações promissoras de rizóbio de L. albescens na fixação biológica de nitrogênio. Duzentos e quatro isolados foram obtidos a partir de três espécies de tremoço (L. albescens, L. lanatus e Lupinus sp.). Trinta e oito isolados escolhidos após a purificação foram caracterizados fenotipicamente e submetidos a um teste de autenticação, realizado em casa de vegetação. Estes testes objetivaram selecionar estirpes simbiontes formadoras de leghemoglobina. Os isolados promissores foram identificados com base nas características fenotípicas através da comparação com vinte e duas estirpes de rizóbio. Determinou-se as características fisiológicas dos isolados promissores, sendo avaliado a capacidade de crescer em: diferentes temperaturas, concentrações de NaCl e pH, e a uma caracterização molecular com base em reação de polimerase em cadeia (PCR) utilizando o oligonucleotídeo BOX A1-R. Foi realizada a determinação da eficiência simbiôntica com base no teor de nitrogênio total da parte aérea, a massa seca da parte aérea e das raízes, e número de nódulos. A caracterização fenotípica dos trinta e oito isolados possibilitou a formação de 11 grupos com características distintas. O isolado UFSM L1.3 formou nódulos e leghemoglobina quando associado a L. albescens, tendo sido identificado no gênero Bradyrhizobium. A estirpe UFSM L1.3 apresentou crescimento em temperatura de 28 e 32°C, na concentração de NaCl de 0,1% e na faixa de pH 4,0 a 8,0. O padrão de polimorfismo gerado pelo primer BOX-PCR permitiu diferenciar o isolado UFSM L1.3 dos demais estudados. A eficiência simbiôntica do isolado de rizóbio UFSM L1.3 foi de 94,2% em comparação com a testemunha nitrogenada.

Resumo: A soja e outras leguminosas são consideradas alimentos funcionais por apresentarem propriedades hipocolesterolemizantes. Esta propriedade, porém, ainda não foi elucidada para o tremoço e seus isolados protéicos. Um possível componente deste grão responsável pelo efeito redutor de colesterol é sua proteína. Objetivo: Produzir isolado protéico de tremoço e verificar a influência do grão integral e de seus isolados protéicos no metabolismo do colesterol de hamsters hipercolesterolemizados pela dieta. Métodos: O isolado protéico (IP) de tremoço foi produzido por precipitação isoelétrica, utilizando-se pH 10,0 para solubilização da proteína e pH 5,0 para sua precipitação, obtendo-se um isolado protéico de 92,41% de proteína. O IP e a farinha de tremoço integral (FI) foram usados como fonte protéica em dietas experimentais para hamsters que tiveram hipercolesterolemia induzida por dieta contendo 13,5% de gordura saturada e 0,1% de colesterol, por 21 dias. Os animais foram divididos em 3 grupos, recebendo cada grupo dieta com 20% de caseína (controle), dieta com 20% de proteína respectiva do IP e dieta com 20% de proteína respectiva da farinha integral de tremoço (FI), por 28 dias. Resultados: Comparando-se a dieta controle (HC), as dietas IP e FI provocaram reduções significativas no colesterol total (15,3 e 16,88%, respectivamente) e colesterol não-HDL (28,6 e 43,41%, respectivamente). Análises histológicas do fígado foram realizadas e observou-se que o IP e o FI apresentaram efeito hepatoprotetor comparado à HC, que apresentou esteatose difusa e intensa (nível 4+), enquanto que os grupos tremoço integral e isolado protéico apresentaram esteatose focal (nível 1). Alguns possíveis mecanismos envolvidos para o efeito benéfico no metabolismo lipídico foram investigados. A excreção... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Soya and other legume seeds are considered functional food because of their hypocholesterolemic properties. However this property was still not elucidated for lupine and its protein isolates. A possible component of this grain responsible for the redactor effect of cholesterol is its protein. Objective: Produce lupine isolate and verify the influence of the whole grain and its protein isolate on cholesterol metabolism in diet hipercholesterolemized. Methods: The lupin protein isolate (PI) was produced by isoelectric precipitation, using pH 10.0 for solubilization of the protein and pH 5.0 to its precipitation, obtaining a protein isolate of 92.41% of protein. The PI and lupine flour whole (FW) were used as source of protein in experimental diets for hamsters that had hipercholesterolemia induced by a 21 days diet containing 13.5% of saturated fat and 0.1% of cholesterol. The animals were divided into 3 groups, receiving each group a 28 days diet with 20% of casein (Control), diet with 20% of protein of protein isolate of lupine (PI) and diet with 20% of protein from lupine whole flour (WF). Results: Comparing the control diet (HC), the diets PI and WF caused significant reductions in total cholesterol (15.3 and 16.88%, respectively) and cholesterol not-HDL (28.6 and 43.41%, respectively). Histological analysis of liver were accomplished and noticed that the PI and the WF presented hepatoprotector effect compared to HC, which presented diffuse and intense steatosis (level 4+), while the groups whole lupine and protein isolate, presented focal steatosis (level 1). Some possible mechanisms for the beneficial effects in lipid metabolism were investigated. The excretion of fecal cholesterol was inversely proportional to the plasmatic levels of the animals cholesterol submitted to the different diets. The animals with the WF diet... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: José Paschoal Batistuti / Coorientador: José Alfredo Gomes Arêas / Banca: Elizeu Antonio Rossi / Banca: Rubens Monti / Banca:Ana Carolina Conti e Silva / Banca: Deborah Helena Marcowicz Bastos / Doutor

Orientador: José Paschoal Batistuti / Banca: Rubens Monti / Banca: Jonas Contiero / Resumo: No presente trabalho, objetivou-se a determinar a composição química da farinha da semente de grão-de-bico, cultivar Cícero e do tremoço branco; o estabelecimento de condições de extração das proteínas; a separação das diferentes frações protéicas e caracterizou o comportamento térmico das frações protéicas. A composição química da farinha do grão-de-bico revelou valores de 18,72% de proteína, 10,02 % de umidade, 2,96% de cinzas e 2,6% de extrato etéreo. Já a composição química do tremoço revelou valores de 49,88% de proteína, 8,1% de umidade, 1,54% de cinzas e 2,94% de extrato etéreo. As frações do o grão-de-bico, cultivar Cícero, de maior conteúdo protéico foram a globulina com 88,67%, seguida da glutelina 74,78% e albumina 61,69% e prolamina 7,75%. Para o tremoço branco as frações de maiores conteúdos protéicos foram a albumina 91,33%, seguida da glutelina 89,24% e globulina 41,37%. O valor de energia gasta no processo endotérmico para o evento de desnaturação da proteína das frações protéicas do grão-de-bico, cultivar Cícero, expressos em H/Jg-1 é 190,3 para albumina, 154,3 para globulina, 140,4 para glutelina e 35,97 para prolamina. Para as frações protéicas do tremoço branco os valores expressos em H/Jg-1 é 173,6 para albumina, 208,8 para globulina e 126,0 para glutelina. O H/Jg-1 para prolamina não foi determinado. / Abstract: The present study aimed to determine the chemical composition of the chickpeas, grow cicero and white lupine seed flour and the establishment of conditions for protein extraction, separation of different protein fractions and characterized the behavior thermal of the protein fractions. Now chemical composition of chickpeas flour revealed values of 18.72% protein, 10.02% moisture, 2.96% ash and 2.6% ether extract. Now the chemical composition of lupine revealed values of 49.88% protein, 8.1% moisture, 1.54% ash and 2.94% ether extract. The fractions for the chickpeas, Cicero is growing, of larger protein content were is globulin with 88.67%, followed by glutelin and albumin 74.78% 61.69% and 7.75% prolamin. For the white lupine, the fraction of larger protein content were is albumin 91.33%, followed by glutelin and globulin 89.24% 41.37%. The amount of energy expended in the endothermic process in the event of protein denaturation of the protein fractions of chickpeas, grow Cicero expressed in ΔH/Jg-1 is 190.3 for albumin, globulin to 154.3, 140, 4 to 35.97 for glutelin and prolamin. For the protein fractions of white lupine values in ΔH/Jg-1 is 173.6 for albumin, globulin and 208.8 to 126.0 for glutelin. The ΔH/Jg-1 to prolamin not determined. / Mestre

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized the field of genetics by providing a means for fast and relatively affordable sequencing. With the advancement of NGS, whole- genome sequencing (WGS) has become more commonplace. However, sequencing an entire genome is still not cost effective or even beneficial in all cases. In studies that do not require a whole-genome survey, WGS yields lower sequencing depth and sequencing of uninformative loci. Targeted sequencing utilizes the speed and low cost of NGS while providing deeper coverage for desired loci. This thesis applies targeted sequencing to the genomes of two different, non-model plants, Artemisia tridentate (sagebrush) and Lupinus luteus (yellow lupine). We first targeted the transcriptomes of three species of sagebrush (Artemisia) using RNA-seq. By targeting the transcriptome of sagebrush we have built a resource of transcripts previously unmatched in sagebrush and identify transcripts related to terpenes. Terpenes are of growing interest in sagebrush because of their ability to identify certain species of sagebrush and because they play a role in the feeding habits of the threatened sage-grouse. Lastly, using paralogs with synonymous mutations we reconstructed an evolutionary time line of ancient genome duplications. Second, we targeted the flanking loci of recognition sites of two endorestriction enzymes in genome of L. luteus genome through genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). GBS of yellow lupine provided enough single-nucleotide polymorphic loci for the construction of a genetic map of yellow lupine. Additionally we compare GBS strategies for plant species without a reference genome sequence.

No description available.

No description available.

L’étude proposée s’inscrit dans un contexte de contamination croissante de la pédosphère et fait le choix d’appréhender cette problématique via une approche centrée sur la rhizospère et sur les mécanismes gouvernant son évolution. Ces travaux s'intéressent à la relation entre l’uranium – un métal naturel ubiquiste non-essentiel – et le citrate – un acide organique de faible poids moléculaire exsudé par certaines espèces végétales poussant sur un milieu pauvre en phosphore. Parmi ces espèces particulières le lupin blanc (Lupinus albus) fait office de plante modèle. Un sol naturellement riche en uranium prélevé à l’affleurement d’une veine de pechblende a été étudié. L’objectif du travail a été de savoir si l’activité racinaire est suffisante pour provoquer la remobilisation de l’uranium dans la solution du sol et favoriser son transfert. Le système sol/plante a été étudié sur rhizotest et de manière découplée en hydroponie et en réacteurs fermés. Il a été démontré que la présence d’uranium dans un milieu contrôlé (hydroponie) stimule l’exsudation de citrate chez les lupins blancs qui ne sont pas carencés en phosphore et que cette exsudation de citrate favorise la solubilisation de l’uranium dans la solution du sol en réacteurs fermés. Ces résultats ont été confirmés par les observations faites sur rhizotest même si les valeurs obtenues dans ce cas étaient plus nuancées. Ceci justifie les approches utilisées et met en évidence leur complémentarité. Les résultats obtenus ont également permis d’apporter des informations concernant la toxicité de l’uranium, son internalisation dans les cellules racinaires ainsi que sur son transfert des racines aux parties aériennes. / The present study is related to the context of pedosphere contamination increasing and chose to consider this issue through a focus on rhizosphere and mechanisms that govern its evolution. This work is oriented on the relation between uranium – a non-essential ubiquitous metal – and citrate – a low molecular weight organic acid exudated by specific species when grown on a phosphorus-deficient environment. Among these particular species white lupine (Lupinus albus) is considered as a model species. Furthermore, a natural soil containing huge amounts of uranium has been collected at the outcrop of a pitchblende vein and used during some experiments. The main aim of this PhD thesis was to determine if the root activity of white lupine is sufficient to cause the remobilization of uranium into soil solution and so to promote the transfer of this contaminant to the plant. The soil/plant system has been studied with rhizotests and by combining datas obtained with hydroponics experiments and batches tests. It has been demonstrated that the presence of uranium in a controlled growth medium (hydropony) stimulates citrate exudation in P-sufficient white lupine. More, this citrate exudation enhances uranium solubilization in soil solution in batches. These results have been confirmed by observations on rhizotest even if the values in this case were more nuanced. This justifies the employed approaches and highlights their coherence and complementarity. The results also allowed to provide additional information concerning uranium toxicity, its internalization in root cells as well as its transfer from roots to aerial parts.

Blomsterlupin (Lupinus polyphyllus) är en välkänd invasiv växt i Sverige som frekvent växer i vägkanter. På grund av dess egenskaper, som konkurrensförmåga och kvävefixering, kan den ha negativa effekter på biodiversiteten vid vägkanter, vilket är habitat som utgör en tillflykt för många inhemska ängsväxter. Trots skötsel av vägkanter är blomsterlupin vanlig längs vägar av olika storlekar. Detta arbete undersöker om det finns skillnader i artens fördelning, täthet och storlek mellan asfaltsvägar och grusvägar. Eftersom asfaltsvägarnas vägkanter sannolikt utsätts för en mer intensiv skötsel, var mina hypoteser att grusvägar hade fler plantor per m2 inom populationerna och att en högre andel av deras vägkanter täcktes av lupin jämfört med asfaltsvägar. Femton lämpliga sträckor av vardera vägtyp var slumpmässigt utvalda och deras lupinpopulationer mättes. Mätningarna inkluderade populationsarea, antal plantor, plantstorlekar, det minsta avståndet mellan plantor och väg, samt vägkantsbredd. Efter analysen av datan med hjälp av Chi2-test och t-tester hittades enbart ett fåtal signifikanta skillnader mellan vägtyper. Det fanns en tendens att blomsterlupin förekommer längs fler asfaltssträckor jämfört med grusvägar men grusvägar hade en högre täthet inom populationer, täckning av kanterna, större populationer och större genomsnittlig plantstorlek. En signifikant skillnad var att plantor växte längre från vägen längs asfaltsvägar jämfört med grusvägar, vilket kan indikera att plantor som undkommer röjningen kan bevara populationerna längs asfaltsvägar. / Garden lupine (Lupinus polyphyllus) is a well-known invasive plant in Sweden that frequently inhabits road verges. Because of its traits, such as competitive ability and nitrogen-fixation, it may have negative effects on biodiversity of road verges, which are habitats that represent a refuge for many native meadow plant species. Despite management of roadsides, Garden lupine is common along roads of different sizes. The present work investigates if there are differences in the species’ distribution, density and size among asphalt roads and gravel roads. As the asphalt roads’ road verges most likely experience a more intense management, my hypotheses were that gravel roads had more plants per m2 within the populations and a higher proportion of their verges were covered by lupine compared to asphalt roads. Fifteen suitable sections of each road type were randomly chosen and their lupine populations were measured. The measurements included population area, number of lupine plants, the plant sizes, the minimum distance of plants to the road and road verge width. After analyzing the data using Chi2-test and t-tests only a few significant differences between road types were found. There was a tendency of Garden lupine to occur in more sections of asphalt roads compared to gravel roads but gravel roads had a higher density within populations, coverage of the verges, larger populations and larger average plant size. One significant difference was that plants grew further away from the road along asphalt than on gravel roads, which could indicate that plants that escape management through clipping may sustain the populations along asphalt roads.