Mares are seasonally polyestric. The breeding season in spring and summer and the winter anestrus are flanked by transitional periods. Endometrial diseases are a frequent cause of subfertility and have an economic impact on the horse breeding industry. They include different forms of endometrosis, endometritis, glandular maldifferentiation, and angiosis. Except for suppurative endometritis, these are subclinical and can only be diagnosed by the microscopic examination of an endometrial biopsy. Endometrosis is characterized by periglandular fibrosis and nonsuppurative endometritis by stromal infiltration with lymphocytes and plasma cells. The pathogenesis of endometrosis and nonsuppurative endometritis is still undetermined. Some mares are predisposed to persistent endometritis; this has likely a multifactorial etiology. Glandular differentiation has to be interpreted under consideration of the season. The presence of endometrial diseases is associated with alterations in the expression of several intra- and extracellular molecular markers. Some of them may have potential to be used as diagnostic biomarkers for equine endometrial health and disease. The aim of this review is to provide an overview on pathomorphological findings of equine endometrial diseases, to outline data on analyses of cellular and molecular mechanisms, and to discuss the impact of these data on reproduction and treatment.

Master of Science / Department of Animal Sciences and Industry / Timothy G. Rozell / Several alternatively-spliced mRNA transcripts of the follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) have been identified in sheep, including FSHR-1 (G protein-coupled form), FSHR-2 (dominant negative form), and FSHR-3 (growth factor type-1 form). Coupling of the FSHR to signaling pathways which activate different downstream effectors leads to speculation that specific splice variants may be transcribed under differing physiological conditions. This is the first study to correlate expression patterns of FSHR-1, FSHR-2, and FSHR-3 and development of follicles in the mature sheep ovary. In Experiment 1, 8 Suffolk-cross ewes were allowed to come into estrus naturally and were euthanized 24 (n=3), 36 (n=3), and 48 (n=2) hours after the onset of estrus. In Experiment 2, 7 Suffolk-cross ewes received CIDRs for 14 days. At CIDR removal, PMSG (500IU) was administered to treatment ewes (n=3), while controls (n=4) received no PMSG. Ewes were euthanized 24 (n=4; 2 CIDR only, 2 PMSG) or 36 (n=3; 2 CIDR only, 1 PMSG) hours later. All visible follicles were aspirated and pooled according to follicular diameter: small (≤ 2.0 mm), medium (2.1-4.0 mm), large (4.1-6.0 mm), and preovulatory (≥ 6.1 mm). Granulosa cells were separated from follicular fluid by centrifugation. Total RNA was extracted from granulosa cells (GC) and reversed transcribed. The resulting cDNA was subjected to qPCR, using primer sets designed to amplify each variant specifically. For Experiment 1, regardless of time after onset of estrus, relative expression of FSHR-3 exceeded that of both FSHR-1 and FSHR-2 in medium follicles (p < 0.01), and tended to be higher in small follicles (p=0.09). For Experiment 2, treatment with PMSG did not significantly alter expression patterns of FSHR variants (p=0.18). The FSHR-3 was expressed higher than FSHR-2 in all follicle sizes (p < 0.01) and was numerically more highly expressed than FSHR-1, although this difference was not significant (p > 0.11). These experiments show that in addition to the well characterized G protein-coupled form of the FSHR, alternatively spliced variants of the FSHR may participate in follicular dynamics during the first follicular wave of the sheep estrous cycle. Furthermore, these results would indicate that an “alternatively” spliced form of the FSHR (FSHR-3) is the predominant form of the FSHR in the sheep.

Sur les Causses arides du Quercy (S.-O. de la France), de nombreuses mares ont été creusées dans la roche. Ces mares constituent les seules eaux superficielles de ce plateau calcaire où l'eau s'infiltre rapidement.<br />L'évolution naturelle des mares conduit à leur atterrissement et une étude comparative de trois mares à différents stades de comblement a montré l'évolution des paramètres abiotiques (température, concentration en oxygène dissous...) en fonction du niveau de comblement. Parallèlement, les mares varient en terme de richesse spécifique de la faune et de la flore. Chaque stade de comblement abrite une faune particulière et participe à la biodiversité globale de ces milieux et même de l'écosystème caussenard dans son ensemble.<br />Pour analyser ces milieux à une échelle supérieure, des échantillons ont été récoltés sur trente mares afin d'étudier les facteurs affectant la distribution de la faune dans un réseau de mares. Nous avons identifié 230 espèces d'invertébrés et 6 espèces de vertébrés. Les résultats ainsi obtenus ne permettent pas de dresser une typologie des mares ni de dégager des peuplements caractéristiques ou de réaliser une classification ascendante de ces milieux. Les mares entourées d'une matrice terrestre sont assimilables à des îles pour la faune aquatique.<br />C'est pourquoi nous avons choisi d'étudier plus précisément la distribution de cinq groupes ayant des capacités de dispersion différentes : Odonates, Coléoptères, Amphibiens, Mollusques et Oligochètes. La surface des mares affecte la distribution des Odonates. Le pourcentage de forêt autour des mares influence la distribution des<br />Amphibiens. Pour les Mollusques et les Oligochètes, les animaux à dispersion passive, les résultats indiquent que la distribution des espèces est similaire à une distribution au hasard. Pour les Coléoptères, la distribution des espèces n'est pas due au hasard mais nous n'avons pas pu mettre en évidence les facteurs explicatifs de cette distribution.<br />Nous avons utilisé la méthode de capture-marquage-recapture pour estimer le degré de lien de trois populations en patch d'Odonates. Nous avons montré que trois facteurs influencent la dispersion des Odonates : des facteurs abiotiques (conditions météorologiques), des différences inter spécifique (sensibilité aux conditions météorologiques, taille et comportement des espèces), des différences intra spécifiques (âge et sexe).<br />Ces travaux mettent en évidence le rôle des mares au niveau de la biodiversité, le rôle du réseau de mares et de l'évolution temporelle des paramètres dans le maintien de cette biodiversité. Les différents résultats obtenus sont discutés en vue de proposer une méthode de gestion rationnelle et durable de ces milieux.

Laodicée-sur-Mer, l’actuelle Lattaquié se situe sur la côte méditerranéenne de la Syrie au Nord. Elle a joué un rôle très important depuis sa fondation par Séleucos Ie, ce rôle a surtout consisté en son monnayage. L’histoire monétaire de Laodicée a commencé en 300 av. J.-C. avec la frappe des monnaies au type d’Alexandre le Grand. Puis des émissions municipales sont apparues sous le règne d’Antiochos IV et d’Alexandre Bala. Laodicée, après l’an 82/81, a frappé de grande quantité de tétradrachmes civiques. Elle a conservé son rôle pendant l’époque impériale, et a connu l’âge d’or lorsqu’ elle est devenue capitale à la place d’Antioche en 194 puis colonie en 198 sous Septime Sévère. La dernière émission de Laodicée s’est faite sous le règne de Trébonien Galle (251 - 253 ap. J.-C.) La première étape de notre travail consiste dans l’élaboration d’un corpus chronologique des séries et des émissions monétaires et l’étude des coins. La deuxième étape étudie les coins et le rythme de production, ainsi que la circulation des monnaies. En ce qui concerne la dernière partie de cette thèse, elle porte sur l’étude historique de Laodicée aux époques hellénistique et romaine à partir des sources classiques, des inscriptions grecques et latines de la ville, de même que les résultats archéologiques des fouilles à Lattaquié et de son monnayage. / Laodicea-on-Sea, is the modern Lattakia located on the north Mediterranean coast of Syria. This city played an important role since it was founded by Seleucus Ie, this role mostly consisted of his coinage. The monetary history of Laodicea started 300 BC with the coinage type of Alexander the Great. Later on, municipal issues have emerged during the reign of Antiochus IV and Alexander Bala. Laodicea, after the year 82/81 struck a large number of civic tetradrachms. It has retained its role during the imperial era, and has experienced a golden age when it became the capital instead of Antioch in 194 AD. It became a colony during 198 AD under Septimius Severus. The latest coinage issue of Laodicea was made during the reign of Trebonianus Gallus (251-253 AD.) The first step of our study consists on developing a chronological corpus of the different series and monetary issues and on studying the coins. The second step of our work is on the coinage study and the pace of production and circulation of the coins. The last part of our thesis studies the history of Laodicea in the Hellenistic and Roman periods through the classical sources, the Greek and Latin inscriptions of the city that have been discovered, as well as the archaeological findings from the excavations in Lattakia and from its coinage.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:42:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RegiaCP_TESE.pdf: 5580865 bytes, checksum: b0d574167afcc48aece0c780848733c2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-22 / Universidade Estadual de Roraima / Were synthesized systems Ni0,5Zn0,5Fe2O4, i0,2Zn0,5Mn0,3Fe2O4, Mn0,5Zn0,5Fe2O4, Ni0,5Mg0,5Fe2O4, Ni0,2Cu0,3Zn0,5Fe2O4 and Ni0,2Cu0,3Zn0,5Mg0,08Fe2O4, the precursors citrate method. The decomposition of the precursors was studied by thermogravimetric analysis and spectroscopy in the infrared region, the temperature of 350?C/3h. The evolution of the phases formed after calcinations at 350, 500, 900 and 1100?C/3h was accompanied by X-ray diffraction using the Rietveld refinement to better identify the structures formed. The materials were also analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, magnetic measurements and analysis of the reflectivity of the material. The samples calcined at different temperatures showed an increase of crystallinity with increasing calcination temperature, verifying that for some compositions at temperatures above 500?C precipitates of second phase such as hematite and CuO. The compositions of manganese present in the structure diffusion processes slower due to the ionic radius of manganese is greater than for other ions substitutes, a fact that delays the stabilization of spinel structure and promotes the precipitation of second phase. The compositions presented with copper precipitation CuO phase at a temperature of 900 and 1100?C/3h This occurs according to the literature because the concentration of copper in the structure is greater than 0.25 mol%. The magnetic measurements revealed features of a soft ferrimagnetic material, resulting in better magnetic properties for the NiZn ferrite and NiCuZnMg at high temperatures. The reflectivity measurements showed greater absorption of electromagnetic radiation in the microwave band for the samples calcined at 1100?C/3h, which has higher crystallite size and consequently the formation of multi-domain, increasing the magnetization of the material. The results of absorption agreed with the magnetic measurements, indicating among the ferrites studied, those of NiZn and NiCuZnMg as better absorbing the incident radiation. / Foram sintetizados os sistemas Ni0,5Zn0,5Fe2O4, Ni0,2Zn0,5Mn0,3Fe2O4, Mn0,5Zn0,5Fe2O4, Ni0,5Mg0,5Fe2O4, Ni0,2Cu0,3Zn0,5Fe2O4 e Ni0,2Cu0,3Zn0,5Mg0,08Fe2O4, pelo m?todo dos citratos precursores. A decomposi??o dos precursores foi estudada por an?lise termogravim?trica e espectroscopia na regi?o do infravermelho, na temperatura de 350?C/3h. A evolu??o das fases formadas ap?s as calcina??es a 350, 500, 900 e 1100?C/3h foi acompanhada por difra??o de raios X utilizando o refinamento de Rietveld, para melhor identifica??o das estruturas formadas. Os materiais foram tamb?m analisados por microscopia eletr?nica de varredura, medidas magn?ticas e an?lise da refletividade do material. As amostras calcinadas em diferentes temperaturas indicaram um aumento da cristalinidade com o aumento da temperatura de calcina??o, verificando-se que, para algumas composi??es, em temperaturas acima de 500?C ocorre a precipita??o de segunda fase, como hematita e CuO. As composi??es com mangan?s na estrutura apresentaram processos de difus?o mais lentos devido ao raio i?nico do mangan?s ser maior em rela??o aos outros ?ons substituintes, fato que retarda a estabiliza??o da estrutura espin?lio e favorece a precipita??o de segunda fase. As composi??es com cobre apresentaram precipita??o da fase CuO na temperatura de 900 e 1100?C/3h, fato que ocorre segundo a literatura porque a concentra??o de cobre na estrutura ? maior que 0,25 mol%. As medidas magn?ticas revelaram racter?sticas de um material ferrimagn?tico macio, obtendo-se melhores ar?metros magn?ticos para as ferritas de NiZn e NiCuZnMg em altas temperaturas. As medidas de refletividade mostraram maior absor??o da radia??o eletromagn?tica na faixa de microondas para as amostras calcinadas a 1100?C/3h, que tem maior tamanho do cristalito e em conseq??ncia forma??o de multidom?nios, aumentando a magnetiza??o do material. Os resultados de absor??o concordaram com as medidas magn?ticas, indicando dentre as ferritas estudadas, as de NiZn e NiCuZnMg como melhores absorvedoras da radia??o incidente.

Kentucky 31 tall fescue (KY31) infected with the common toxic endophyte strains of Epichloё coenophiala produces toxic alkaloids that improve plant vigor, but cause numerous adverse effects in grazing animals. Researchers developed a variety of KY31 containing an alternative strain of E. coenophiala, termed novel endophyte (NE). Adverse health effects in mares have not been evaluated. Experiments in this thesis tested the hypothesis that the NE pasture does not cause adverse effects typically associated with KY31. Specific aims were to: 1) compare forage ergovaline concentrations between KY31 vs NE pastures; 2) evaluate palmar artery diameters in mares grazing KY31, NE, or orchardgrass-bluegrass (OGBG) pastures; 3) determine mare serum prolactin, estradiol, and progesterone concentrations associated with ingesting each pasture type over time; and 4) measure foaling outcomes, including percentage of live foals, foal birth weights, and foal growth rates. In 2015, six nonpregnant mares grazed KY31, six pregnant mares grazed NE and six pregnant mares grazed OGBG pastures. In 2016, eighteen mares were used; six mares grazed each pasture type. Study results showed that ergovaline did not appear to be produced by NE. Novel endophyte pasture did not have negative effects on palmar artery diameter, reproductive hormones, or foaling outcomes.

Pontiggia commenta – ed è la prima volta nella storia degli studi pavesiani – tutti i ventisette Dialoghi con Leucò di Cesare Pavese. La scelta di leggere i dialoghi non secondo l’indice predisposto dall’autore per la pubblicazione, ma secondo l’ordine cronologico di composizione, è dettata dall’esigenza di scendere più a fondo nell’officina pavesiana, al fine di cogliere i nessi fantastici e tematici che legano i singoli dialoghi. L’indagine rivela il rapporto – di libertà e di fedeltà insieme – che Pavese intrattiene con le sue fonti, sia classiche (soprattutto greche: Omero, Esiodo, i tragici) sia moderne (gli studi etnologici e antropologici del Pestalozza, di Untersteiner, di Kerényi, di Paula Philippson). La forma-dialogo – modellata con originalità sui Dialoghi di Luciano e sulle Operette morali di Leopardi – consente all’autore di fondere uno sguardo intensamente lirico con una tensione lucidamente argomentativa, la dimensione tragica dell’esistenza con la potenza mitopoietica della parola. Nell’infelicità universale, la poesia conserva una sua forza vitale, che riscatta – almeno parzialmente – il destino di morte e di sofferenza riservato agli esseri umani: forse è questo l’aspetto più autenticamente classico di un libro sempre in bilico tra le forze della disgregazione e dell’armonia, della lucidità e dell’inganno, del terrestre e del divino. / Pontiggia analyzes all twenty-seven Dialogues with Leucò — a first in the history on Pavese studies. The choice of reading the dialogues not according to the index prepared for publication by the author, but following the chronological order of their composition is dictated by the need to delve more profoundly into Pavese’s work in order to capture the fantastic and thematic relationships linking the single dialogues. This research reveals the relationship — of both freedom and fidelity — that Pavese entertains with his sources, both classical (especially Greek: Homer, Hesiod, the tragedians) and modern (the ethnological and anthropological studies of Pestalozza, Untersteiner, Kerényi, and Paula Philippson). The dialogue form — modeled with great originality on Lucian's Dialogues and on Leopardi’s Operette morali — allows the author to merge an intensely lyrical look with a lucidly argumentative tension, the tragic dimension of existence with the mythopoietic power of the word. In the universal unhappiness, poetry retains its vital force, which redeems, at least partially, the destiny of death and suffering reserved for human beings: this is perhaps the most authentically classical aspect of a book always hanging in the balance between the forces of disintegration and harmony, of clarity and deception, of the earthly and the divine.

Tesi realitzada a l'Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC IDIBAPS) / Les patologies renals s’han convertit en una problemàtica a nivell mundial, en l’actualitat poden afectar a una de cada 9 persones al llarg de la seva vida i porten associats elevats costos econòmics. Malgrat els últims avenços científics i millores en el tractament d’aquestes patologies, el transplantament renal i la diàlisi continuen sent les dues úniques opcions terapèutiques efectives en el tractament de la insuficiencia renal. La regeneració de l’epiteli renal és determinant en la recuperació del pacient ja que determina que es pugui restablir la funcionalitat d’aquest òrgan. L’obtenció de precursors renals a partir de cèl•lules mare que puguin integrar-se i regenerar el ronyó lesionat s’ha convertit en una àrea de recerca biomèdica molt important. L’objecte d’estudi d’aquesta tesi va ser conèixer els mecanismes involucrats en la diferenciació de les cèl•lules mare embrionàries (ESCs) i les cèl•lules mare adiposes (ASCS) cap al llinatge epitelial renal ja que aquestes cèl•lules poden ser una potencial font d’aquests precursors renals amb capacitat regenerativa. Recentment s’ha descobert que els miRNAs, que tenen la funció de regular l’expressió gènica en l’etapa post-transcripcional, són essencials en la diferenciació de les cèl•lules mare i s’han trobat miRNAs específics que regulen la diferenciació a un llinatge cel•lular en concret. En aquest sentit, el nostre objectiu general en aquest treball va ser estudiar el paper dels miRNAs en la diferenciació de cèl•lules mare a progenitors epitelials renals. Per això, primer de tot es van realitzar experiments de diferenciació en que els cossos embrionaris (EBs) induïts a partir de les cèl•lules mare embrionàries (ESCs) es van cultivar amb un medi de cultiu suplementat amb all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) i activina A, i les cèl•lules mare adiposes (ASCs) amb un medi amb una concentració fisiológica de glucosa suplementat amb ATRA. Amb aquests protocols de diferenciació, es van obtenir cèl•lules amb característiques de progenitors renals. Els EBs cultivats amb el protocol de diferenciació expressaven els marcadors de l’organogènesi renal inicial (Pax2, WT1, Wnt4, Notch2 i Wnt9b). Les ASCs cultivades amb ATRA varen canviar la seva morfologia a una morfologia epitelial i van expressar marcadors tant de l’organogènesi renal inicial (Pax2, WT1, Wnt4, Six2 i Megalina) com els marcadors epitelials (Citoqueratina 18, E-caderina). Un anàlisis de miRNAs va demostrar que la família de miRNAs let-7 es sobreexpressava durant la diferenciació dels EBs i que el miRNA let-7e més concretament era essencial en l’expressió dels marcadors Pax2, Wt1i Wnt4 ja que la seva silenciació disminuïa l’expressió d’aquests gens. En les ASCs, en canvi, es va demostrar que el miRNA let-7e també augmentava en la diferenciació i que a més tenia característiques d’inductor de la diferenciació, essent essencial en l’expressió tant dels marcadors de l’organogènesi renal (Pax2, Wt1, Wnt4, Megalina) com del marcador epitelial CK18. Profunditzant en el paper del miRNA let-7e en la diferenciació, es va demostrar amb experiments de Western blot, que el miRNA let-7e modula els nivells de β-catenina a través d’un mecanisme que implica la inhibició de la PKCβ i la conseqüent disminució en la fosforilació de la GSK3β (Ser-9) i que això és imprescindible per la correcta diferenciació de les ESCs. Per altra banda, en les ASCs es va demostrar utilitzant l’assaig del gen reporter de la luciderasa, que el miRNA let-7e inhibeix directament l’expressió de la metal•loproteinasa 9 i que d’aquesta manera modula la diferenciació de les ASCs al llinatge epitelial renal. / Role of miRNA in stem cell differentiation Renal diseases have become a worldwide problem that can affect one in nine people throughout their life. Despite recent scientific advances, kidney transplantation and dialysis are still the only two effective therapeutic options in renal failure. The regeneration of the epithelium is critical for patient recovery as it determines the restoration of the kidney functionality. Cell precursors obtained from renal stem cells that can regenerate and integrate the injured kidney have become an important research area. The aim of our study was to determine the mechanisms involved in the differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and adipose stem cells (ASCs) to renal epithelial lineage as these cells can be a source of these renal precursors with regenerative potential. It was recently discovered that miRNAs, which have the function of regulating gene expression in the post-transcriptional level, are essential in the differentiation of stem cells. In this sense, our main objective was to study the role of miRNAs in stem cells differentiation to renal epithelial progenitors. For this purpose, We have carried out experiments of stem cells differentiation. Embryoid bodies (EBs) from ESCs were cultured with activin A and ATRA and ASCs where cultured in a medium with physiological concentration of glucose supplemented with ATRA, obtaining progenitor cells with renal epithelial characteristics. EBs expressed the early kidney organogenesis markers (Pax2, WT1, Wnt4, Notch2 Wnt9b) and ASCs changed their morphology to a more epithelial one and expressed both markers of kidney organogenesis (Pax2, WT1, Wnt4, SIX2 i Megalin) and epithelial markers (cytokeratin-18 and E-cadherin). Furthermore, miRNA analysis and the subsequent overexpression and silencing of the miRNA let-7e in stem cells, demonstrates that this miRNA has characteristics of differentiation inductor and that is essential in the expression of both kidney organogenesis markers and epithelial markers. Furthermore, the ESCs, let-7e miRNA modulates β-catenin levels through a mechanism involving inhibition of PKCβ and the consequent decrease in the phosphorylation of GSK3 (Ser-9). Moreover, it was demonstrated using the luciferase assay, that the miRNA let-7e directly inhibits expression of gelatinase B (MMP9) in ASCs and thereby modulates its renal epithelial differentiation.

Se analiza el fondo de la biblioteca del antiguo convento de la Merced de Barcelona a partir del "Indice general de esta biblioteca del convento de la Merced de Barcelona" elaborado en 1817 por fray Joaquín Borgas y conservado en UB Fons Antic (manuscrito 1500).Los índices de bibliotecas, más allá de su función de control del fondo y de garante de acceso al mismo, resulta un útil fundamental para conocer el perfil de los lectores además de permitir el estudio de la difusión de las ideas. Su estudio permite trazar una historia completa de la cultura y garantiza la salvaguardia y custodia del patrimonio bibliográfico y documental.La transcripción del "Índice" plantea preguntas acerca de su propia materialidad, del significado de la información contenida, de las razones por las que se crean bibliotecas en los conventos, qué funciones desempeñaban éstas, y, finalmente, sobre la trayectoria intelectual de la Orden de la Merced. Ello ha exigido reescribir seis siglos de historia a partir de documentación procedente del antiguo archivo conventual como constituciones, actas capitulares y libros de registro y de visitas, conservada en su mayor parte en el Archivo de la Corona de Aragón (ACA).La tesis presenta cuatro grandes núcleos. En el primero de ellos (capítulo I), se presenta el marco espacio-temporal, en el segundo (capítulos II-V) el marco conceptual de carácter histórico; en el tercero (capítulos VI al IX), se aborda el estudio de la biblioteca conventual desde una perspectiva biblioteconómica; y en el cuarto (capítulo X) se hace una breve historia de las ideas tomando como punto de partida los autores y obras presentes en el "Índice". Frente a la Historia, la Sociología, el Derecho, la Economía, la Filología y otras áreas de conocimiento, esta investigación considera la relación entre libros y lectores o cultura escrita desde la Biblioteconomía por ser ésta capaz de superar los acercamientos parciales ofrecidos por las otras disciplinas, presentando una visión global del proceso. Desde la Biblioteconomía es posible estudiar cómo la biblioteca de una entidad contribuye a la consecución de los objetivos institucionales ya que es en función de la organización a la que pertenece.El análisis de "la materialidad" del "Indice general de esta biblioteca de la Merced de Barcelona" ha permitido descubrir aspectos del mismo desconocidos hasta ahora como la identidad el autor y la fecha de realización. Tras exponer los criterios de trascripción se reproduce la totalidad del índice, se identifican los autores referenciados y se localizan los 5.521 volúmenes de que consta, mediante la búsqueda en catálogos de patrimonio bibliográfico como UB Fons Antic, Catàleg Col·lectiu del Patrimoni Bibliogràfic de Catalunya (CCPB), Catálogo Colectivo de Patrimonio Bibliográfico Español (CCPBE) y el Catalogue Collectif de France (CCFr), entre otros. La identificación y localización de los ejemplares se justifica apelando a la dimensión instrumental de la Bibliografía. A tal fin se ha elaborado un repertorio a partir de las capturas de los registros bibliográficos localizados en los catálogos citados. Dicha dimensión instrumental sustenta la dimensión informativa de la Bibliografía desde la que se analiza el contenido "intelectual" del índice, el cual permite dar cuenta de la historia intelectual mercedaria.Las conclusiones se articulan en torno a cuatro ejes: histórico-espiritual formativo; bibliotecario; de historia de las ideas y metodológico. Para facilitar la consulta se adjuntan índices onomásticos, la bibliografía y las fuentes manuscritas e impresas consultadas.Palabras clave:· Orden de Nuestra Señora de la Merced,· Formación de los frailes,· Bibliotecas conventuales,· Índices de bibliotecas,· Patrimonio bibliográfico,· Repertorios bibliográficos,· Historia de las ideas. / This dissertation analyzes the collection of the library of the former convent of the Our Lady of Mercy Order, based on the index," Índice general de esta biblioteca del convento de la Merced de Barcelona", compiled in 1817 by Fray Joaquín Borgas, and held by the University of Barcelona Library's Old Book Collection (manuscript 1.500). Library indexes, beyond their function of control of, and access to, a collection are a basic tool for understanding the profile of readers, as well as for permitting the study of the dissemination of ideas. By studying them, one can trace a fuller cultural history and guarantee the safekeeping and custody of bibliographic patrimony.The transcription of the Index poses questions about its own material nature, the significance of the information contained in it, the reasons for which convent libraries were created and the functions that they performed, and finally, the intellectual trajectory of the Our Lady of Mercy Order. This has required writing six centuries of history based on documents that came from the old convent archive, such as constitutions, chapter minutes, and inventories and visitor logs, conserved for the most part in the Archive of the Crown of Aragon (ACA).The dissertation is presented in four main blocks: the first (chapter I), a spatial-temporal framework; the second (chapters II-V), a conceptual framework of a historic nature; the third (chapters VI-XI), a study of the convent library from a library science perspective; and the fourth (chapter X), a brief history of ideas, based on the authors and works contained in the Index.As opposed to history, sociology, law, economy, philology or other areas of knowledge, library science -the perspective applied to this research-- considers the relation between books and readers or written culture and thus can overcome the partial approaches offered by the other disciplines, allowing a global vision of the process to be presented. Library science makes it possible to study how the libraries of entities contribute to achieving institutional objectives, since their reason for existing is solely to serve the organization to which they belong.The analysis of the material nature of the "Índice general de esta biblioteca del convento de la Merced de Barcelona" has allowed the discovery of previously unknown aspects of the index, such as the identity of the author and the date of compilation. After setting out the criteria for the transcription, the entire index is reproduced. The cited authors are identified and the 5,521 volumes included in it have been located through searches conducted in bibliographic patrimony catalogues, such as the Old Books Collection of the University of Barcelona, the "Catàleg Col·lectiu del Patrimoni Bibliogràfic de Catalunya" (CCPBC), "Catálogo Colectivo de Patrimonio Bibliográfico Español" (CCPBE) and the "Catalogue Collectif de France" (CCFr), among others. The identification and location of the copies is justified due to the Bibliography's function as a tool. As such, a repertoire has been prepared based on the reproduction of the bibliographic records located in the catalogues cited above. The function as a tool contributes to the informational function of the Bibliography from which the intellectual content of the Index is analyzed, thus permitting an understanding of the intellectual history of the Order.The conclusions are set out around four hubs: historical-spiritual-formative; librarian; history of ideas; and methodological.As an aid to users the dissertation includes a bibliography, indexes of names, and a list of consulted sources, both manuscript and print.

El treball descrit en aquesta tesi té com a objectiu l'estudi de la matèria orgànica soluble de conques geològiques reductores amb un elevat contingut en sofre. Els estudis previs de geoquímica orgànica endegats en conques reductores posen de manifest que els biomarcadors sofrats són de gran importància per a la descripció dels paleoambients, donat que reflecteixen els biocompostos funcionalitzats, que, d'altra forma s'haurien alterat. Per aquest estudi s'han seleccionat quatre conques sedimentàries que destaquen de forma significativa per la seva anoxicitat, així com, per haver experimentat una important sulfato- reducció. Les conques escollides són: Orce, Ribesalbes, Mequinensa i Organyà.La conca d'Orce és d'origen lacustre i de tipus endorreica, data del Plio-Plistocè (1-5 milions d'anys) i es localitza al nord de la província de Granada. El seu interès rau en el descobriment d'importants jaciments paleontològics amb restes antropogèniques.La conca de Ribesalbes també és lacustre i endorreica, pertany al Miocè mitjà (Serraval·là, de 12 a 13 milions d'anys) i es situa a l'oest de la província de Castelló. A principis d'aquest segle s'hi van explotar les pissarres bituminoses mitjançant tècniques de piròlisi.La conca de Mequinensa igualment és d'origen lacustre i de caràcter endorreica, pertany a l'Oligocè superior (Catià, al voltant dels 30 milions d'anys) i es localitza al sud del Sistema dels Monegros, a la província de Lleida. La importància d'aquesta conca es deu a l'explotació de lignits molt rics en sofre.La conca d'Organyà és d'origen marí i data del Cretaci inferior (més de 100 milions d'anys). Es situa a la província de Lleida, a la comarca de l'Alt Urgell. Els materials que formen aquesta conca constitueixen una roca mare de petroli.Els objectius d'aquest treball són:1. L'anàlisi dels biomarcadors per a la determinació de l'origen de les aportacions de la matèria orgànica que reberen les conques estudiades, caracteritzant-ne les contribucions més significatives.2. La descripció de les condicions paleoambientals que donaren lloc a aquests dipòsits sedimentaris.3. L'avaluació de la maduresa de la matèria orgànica.La tesi comença amb una introducció on es descriu la singularitat de cada conca, es continua amb les descripcions geològiques i petrogràfiques, tot localitzant les mostres estudiades a la columna estratigràfica. Després, es mostra l'anàlisi elemental de la matèria orgànica, per prosseguir amb la descripció dels biomarcadors apolars i polars: en primer lloc es descriuen els compostos acíclics, lineals i ramificats, tot començant pels compostos hidrocarbonats, després els oxigenats i finalment els sofrats; en segon lloc, els biomarcadors cíclics, començant pels diterpenoides i continuant amb els triterpenoides, amb especial rellevància dels esteroides i els hopanoides, i finalment, els oleanoides, ursanoides i lupanoides. Cal destacar la identificació de més d'una vintena de nous biomarcadors identificats per primera vegada en aquesta tesi. La descripció de les conques finalitza amb les conclusions sobre els aports de la matèria orgànica, l'ambient deposicional i la maduresa. / The aim of this thesis is the study and characterization of the soluble organic matter in sulphur rich geological basins. The previous studies carried out on reducing sedimentary basins show the significant presence of organic geochemical biomarkers with sulphur, which are very relevant for the description of the paleo-environment conditions of the sedimentation, since they reflect the presence of biological compounds very well preserved.For this study four sedimentary basins of Spain have been selected due to their anoxicity and also for having suffered an important sulphate-reduction process. The selected basins are: Orce, Ribesalbes, Mequinensa and Organyà.The basin of Orce is of lacustrine origin, it belongs to the Plio-Pleistocene period (1 to 5 million years) and it is located to the north of the province of Granada. Its interest comes from the fact that there are important palaeontology deposits with anthropogenic rests.The basin of Ribesalbes also is also of type lacustrine and belongs to the Miocene period (Serravalià, 12 to 13 million years). It is located to the west of the province of Castellon. At the beginning of XX century the bituminises shales were extracted in order to obtain oil with techniques of pyrolisis.The basin of Mequinensa is also of lacustrine origin and belongs to the upper Oligocene period (Catià from around 30 million years) and is located to the south System of the Monegros, in the province of Lleida. The importance of this basin is due to the high sulphur content of the lignite that is formed in this place.The basin of Organyà is of marine origin and dates from the lower Cretaceous (more than 100 million years). It is located in the province of Lleida, in the region of the Alt Urgell. The materials that form this basin constitute a oil source rock.The items of this work are:1. The analysis of biomarkers for the determination of the origin of the contribution of the matter organic.2. The description of the paleoenvironmetal conditions that gave rise to these sedimentations deposits.3. The evaluation of the maturity of the organic matter.The thesis is divided into nine chapters: The study begins with a general geological description to go on with the analysis of the paleoconditions of the environmental deposition that favour the preservation of the organic matter. Subsequently, after that, there is an accurate geochemical description of each basin. The results of this work show that the Orce basin is characterized by type I querogen and, the Ribesalbes basin is of type I-S kerogen, the Organyà basin is of type II-S and the Mequinensa basin is of type III-S querogen. The study ends with the conclusions on the contributions of the organic matter, the depositional environment and the maturity. In the case of the Organyà basin only non polar fractions have been studied, due to the little presence of polar compounds, attributed to the high maturity of the organic matter. Finally, there is also a compilation of biomarkers identified for the first time in this thesis, indicating in its case if their biological precursors.