<p>Uppsatsen behandlar ämnet unga högpresterande flickor som mår psykiskt dåligt. Syftet med undersökningen var att ta reda på hur skolan kan upplevas för någon som är drabbad av detta samt att få konkreta exempel på hur arbetet kan se ut på en gymnasieskola gällande detta problem.</p><p>Metoden som användes var kvalitativa intervjuer och litteraturstudie. Fem intervjuer och litteratur som behandlar ämnen som självmord, depression, ångest samt ätstörningar har varit grundläggande för undersökningen. </p><p>Den viktigaste slutsatsen är att det krävs ett annorlunda angreppssätt från skolans håll om vi vill förändra utsikterna för högpresterande flickor med psykiska problem. Det krävs bl.a. att fler lärare tar sina elever på allvar, är uppmärksamma på hur de mår samt har större kunskap på detta område.</p> / <p>The subject of this essay is high achieving girls with mental disorders. The purpose with the investigation was to find out how these girls felt during their years in school and also to get concrete examples of how a school handles these problems. </p><p>This study was based on qualitative interviews. Five interwieves and literature about suicide, depression and eating disorders have been the foundation of this study. </p><p>The most important conclusion of this work is that it seems like a new agenda will be needed if we want to improve the circumstances for high achieving girls with mental disorders. Amongst the many things that can be done, all teachers need to get more aware of how their pupils feel and more knowledge in this area.</p>

Section A reviews the literature which has investigated variables found to relate to recovery style in individuals with psychosis. Studies exploring the attachment, self-esteem, depression and executive functioning are evaluated and conclusions drawn. Section B reports the findings of an empirical study investigating the relationship between metacognition, recovery style, anxiety and depression in a community sample of individuals with psychosis. Objective; Research has shown that individuals with psychosis will either integrate their experience of psychosis or seal the experience over. Little is known about what leads to these different styles of recovery but poor attachment, depression, low self-esteem and poor executive functioning have been linked to a sealing-over style. This study hypothesised that sealing is linked to unhealthy metacognitive beliefs and also to higher levels of anxiety and depression. Method; Forty-three participants with a diagnosis of psychosis were recruited. They completed the Metacognitions Questionnaire-30, Recovery Style Questionnaire and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Results; Correlational analysis revealed that only one facet of metacognition linked to sealing over; this being positive beliefs about worry and this was maintained when the effects of anxiety and depression were accounted for. Contrary to the hypothesis, recovery style did not correlate with anxiety or depression but unhealthy metacognition was linked to both anxiety and depression. Conclusions; The findings of this study suggest that a sealing-over recovery style may be linked to one specific area of metacognitive dysfunction. They also cast doubt on previous theories which link low mood to a sealing-over style. Limitations of this study include its cross-sectional design. Future research which expands on these findings is encouraged and longitudinal research is particularly called for. Section C provides a critical evaluation of the project, answering four questions regarding what the author has learnt from the study, what might have been done differently, how the study might affect the author‟s clinical work in future and possible future research directions.

Section A reviews the literature related to compulsory admissions under the Mental Health Act (MHA) 1983/2007 of adults presenting with psychosis. It outlines the legal framework and examines empirical data relating to admissions under the MHA 1983/2007. A brief overview of psychosis, its aetiology and key psychosocial models are provided. Consideration of mental health within the legislative framework is offered and the experience of being compulsorily admitted is explored. Finally, further qualitative research is recommended. Section B: The study’s primary objective was to explore the experience and impact of compulsory admissions (under the MHA 1983/2007) on the psychological functioning of adults with psychosis. The study also aimed to develop a preliminary theoretical model. Design: The qualitative ‘Grounded Theory’ method (Glaser & Strauss, 1967) was chosen since it worked inductively from the data and enabled the development of a model. Method: Seventeen participants (eight service-users with psychosis, nine psychiatrists) involved in compulsory admissions were interviewed. Analysis and interviews were undertaken concurrently so initial findings could influence subsequent data collection. Results: Five higher-order categories and 47 categories were identified. These contributed to the development of the ‘A disturbing journey: To and from detention’ model of compulsory admissions. Conclusion: This small-scale qualitative study achieved its objectives, providing a preliminary model and understanding of the compulsory admission experience for adults with psychosis. Key service and clinical implications are discussed. Despite its limitations, the findings indicated scope for further investigation. Section C: addresses four key questions about the study. The first relates to skills the researcher learnt through conducting the study. The second relates to improvements that could be made if conducting the study again. The third relates to clinical implications, and the fourth to further research.

Section A explores the role of creative arts therapies (CATs) in assisting recovery from severe mental illness (SMI). It examines the congruence of CATs with recovery models, and critically reviews evidence for the effectiveness of art and drama therapy with adults with mental health problems. It then examines one form of CAT which combines art and drama therapy – therapeutic puppetry. Underlying theoretical models and the existing evidence base with adults with SMI are outlined and critiqued. The review concludes with a summary of proposed arguments and research recommendations. Section B reports on a pilot investigation of group therapeutic puppetry with people with SMI. Background: Therapeutic puppetry is the use of puppets to aid emotional healing. There is no published research investigating the effectiveness of therapeutic puppetry with people with SMI. Aims: A pilot investigation of group therapeutic puppetry with people with SMI tested the hypotheses that this intervention results in improvements in mental wellbeing, self-esteem, and body connection. It also investigated mechanisms of change, and service user acceptability and experience. Method: This mixed methodology study utilised five single AB design case studies with time series data analysed using simulation modelling analysis. Qualitative data was collected via participant observation and participant interviews and analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Three participants experienced statistically and clinically significant changes in either positive or negative directions during the intervention, with all participants describing therapeutic puppetry as powerful and beneficial. Conclusions: Therapeutic puppetry is a potentially powerful medium which could be utilised by various mental health professionals. Service users find therapeutic puppetry acceptable and beneficial despite it being an occasionally difficult and intense experience. Section C is a critical appraisal of the conducted research, examining lessons learnt, identified training needs, changes to clinical practice and future research directions.

No description available.

Disertacijoje analizuojama psichikos sutrikimų kaip socialinių konstruktų samprata ir žiniasklaidos vaidmuo tokių konstruktų kūrimo procese. Pagrindinis darbo tikslas: išanalizuoti Lietuvos dienraščių bei interneto naujienų tinklalapių konstruojamus sutrikusios psichikos asmenų vaizdinius bei šių vaizdinių atspindžius visuomenės nuomonėje. Disertaciją sudaro įvadas, keturios pagrindinės dalys, darbo išvados, literatūros sąrašas ir priedai. Pirmojoje darbo dalyje pristatomos teorinės metodologinės disertacijos prielaidos: P. L. Bergerio ir T. Lukmano socialinio konstrukcionizmo teorijos pagrindinės teorinės įžvalgos ir jų taikymas analizuojant psichikos sutrikimų fenomeną. Antrojoje darbo dalyje analizuojama žiniasklaidos reikšmė ir poveikis konstruojant socialinio pasaulio fenomenų vaizdinius. Trečiojoje dalyje išsamiai pristatoma tyrimo metodika. Ketvirtojoje darbo dalyje pateikiama empirinio tyrimo duomenų analizė ir interpretacijos. Darbo pabaigoje formuluojamos darbo išvados. Siekiant pagrindinio darbo tikslo, trijų etapų empirinio tyrimo metu derinant kokybinius ir kiekybinius metodus buvo atlikta žiniasklaidos publikacijų analizė naudojant diskurso analizės ir turinio analizės metodus, anketavimo būdu atlikta reprezentatyvi visuomenės nuomonės apklausa, naudojant fokus grupės metodą atskleista sutrikusios psichikos asmenų nuomonė. Darbe konstatuojama, jog Lietuvos žiniasklaida sutrikusios psichikos asmenis vaizduoja remdamasi stereotipais, vyraujančiu medicininiu šio... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The object of this work is the concepts of mental disorders as a social constructs and the role of the mass media in the process of their construction. The main aim of the dissertation is to analyze the representations of people with mental disorders in the Lithuanian newspapers and news websites and to examine manifestations of these depictions in the public opinion. The dissertation consists of an introduction, four main parts, conclusions and the list of references. In the first part of the dissertation the theoretical methodological presumptions of P. L. Berger’s and T. Luckmann’s theory of social constructionism are presented and the phenomenon of the social construction of mental disorders is analyzed using this theoretical framework. In the second part the influence and importance of the mass media in the process of constructing representations of social phenomena, including mental disorders is presented. The methods of the empirical research are presented in the third part of the work. Analysis and interpretations of the empirical research data are presented in the fourth part of the dissertation. At the end of the work conclusions are stated. The main aim of the dissertation was reached by conducting a three staged empirical research combining qualitative and quantitative research methods. The research methods were: the analysis of the mass media publications using methods of Discourse analysis and Content analysis; the investigation of public opinion by... [to full text]

Major Depression (MD) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) are psychiatric disorders that arise from dysfunction of the core human capacities for emotion. Sapience is inextricably bound up with the potential for feelings of regret, worry and concern. When these emotions lead to clinically significant impairment or distress, they may result in one or both of the disorders of MD and GAD. The occurrence of MD and GAD in the same person, known as comorbidity, is remarkably high; substantially higher than would be expected by chance. MD and GAD have been studied since the mid-20th century, resulting in a substantial body of literature. The personality trait of neuroticism is also known to correlate highly with these disorders. This project was designed to compare the etiological structure of MD and GAD using a range of psychosocial and genetic methods in three datasets, while also assessing the correlated trait of neuroticism. Results are used to inform theoretical formulation of an approximate model of comorbidity for the two disorders. Psychosocial findings suggest that MD and GAD have similar relationships with most risk factors, and that neuroticism displays results consistent with it composing a portion of the liability to MD and GAD. Efforts to detect specific genetic loci involved in the etiology of MD and GAD are modestly successful. Two genome-wide significant variants were found for MD (one already identified in the literature); two for GAD, and one for neuroticism. There were also a number of significant genomic regions for each outcome. The use of aggregate genetic methods to estimate heritability based on genotypes was less successful. Estimation was only successful in one sample of the three, and produced modest estimates of heritability (0.2-0.25) for MD and comorbid MD+GAD. Genetic correlation was estimated to be very high between neuroticism and MD. Models of comorbidity are evaluated in light of these results, and a model comprising multiple liability distributions, one shared entirely by MD and GAD, and two additional correlated ones for the two disorders, with reciprocal phenotypic causation, is deemed most consistent with observed evidence.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Comme de nombreuses lois adoptées en matière pénale, la loi n° 2008-174 relative à la rétention de sûreté et à la déclaration d'irresponsabilité pénale pour cause de trouble mental du 25 février 2008 a été adoptée pour répondre au profond émoi de l'opinion publique suscité par la médiatisation de faits divers dramatiques. Cette loi comporte deux volets principaux : le premier porte sur la "rétention de sûreté" qui concerne les auteurs d'infraction présentant des troubles graves de la personnalité à l'origine "d'une particulière dangerosité", le second volet intitulé "déclaration d'irresponsabilité pénale pour cause de trouble mental" intéresse les personnes déclarées pénalement irresponsables en application de l'article 122-1 alinéa 1 du Code pénal. Même si ce second volet de la loi de 2008 a fait couler moins d'encre que le premier, il a tout de même soulevé, et soulève toujours à l'heure actuelle, de houleux débats. Composé de plusieurs dispositions inspirées de divers travaux qui s'étaient intéressés à cette question de l'irresponsabilité pénale pour cause de trouble mental et qui avaient abouti à la formulation de préconisations parfois surprenantes, ce second volet de la loi de 2008 a fait l'objet de vives critiques. Certaines de ces dispositions ont toutefois été unanimement approuvées. Après 5 ans d'application, quel bilan dresser de cette réforme ? Au stade de l'instruction, ce bilan est assez mitigé. Il semble en effet que certaines des modifications qui ont été opérées à l'occasion de la loi de 2008 présentent une utilité incontestable mais d'autres, au contraire, s'avèrent insuffisantes ou inutiles. / Like many other laws passed in criminal matters, law n° 2008-174, dated 25 february 2000, relating to security detention and criminal irresponsibility due to mental disorders, was adopted in response to the deep emotion of the public opinion generated by the media coverage of tragic events.This law has two main components : the first focuses on "security detention" for criminals with severe personality disorders, cause of a "particularly dangerous nature" ; the second part entitled "declaration of irresponsibility due to mental disorders" interested persons found not criminally responsible in application of article 122-1 § 1 of the Penal Code. While the second part of the 2008 law had a lesser media coverage than the first one, he raised and still raises heated debates. Composed of several dispositions inspired by various works related to the question of criminal responsibility due to mental disorders, that led to the formulation of sometimes surprising recommendations, the second part of the 2008 law was strongly criticized. Some of these dispositions, however, were unanimously approved. After five years of application, what conclusions should be drawn ? During the investigation phase, the results are somewhat mixed. It seems that some of the changes that were made on the occasion of the 2008 law have an uncontestable utility, but, others, however, are insufficient or unnecessary.

Outpatient clients from a community mental health center were surveyed by questionnaire to examine the relationship between number of therapy sessions attended and client-judgments of therapeutic outcome. The results indicated that client-judgments of therapeutic benefit tended to be independent of length of therapy when the client-judgement is a global assessment of therapeutic benefit. Controls for mode of therapy, initial diagnosis, type of referral, and status of case yielded similar findings. The nature of these relationships was nonlinear with the possible existence of different zones of sessions that account for varying degrees of client-perceived success. It also appeared that clients evaluated overall therapeutic effectiveness along different criteria than they evaluated therapeutic effectiveness for specific problem areas. Implications for future research are discussed.