I 1990-talets USA blossade en het debatt upp som polariserade amerikanska mammor i två distinkta och antagonistiska grupper: förvärvsinkomstarbetande mammor respektive hemmavarande mammor, samtidigt som inkomstklyftorna mellan låg-, medel och höginkomsttagare ökade lavinartat i USA. Mödrar från olika samhällsklasser förenades i ställningstaganden för och emot antingen konservativt eller progressivt hållna värderingar och sociala konstruktioner av kvinna och mamma. Konflikternas retoriska natur, som karaktäriseras av utpräglade former av skambeläggning, har namngivit samtidens centrala begrepp för att beskriva det sociala fenomenet, ”Mom shaming”, som i mindre utsträckning struktureras i stabilt polariserade dualistiska antiteser, utan istället karaktäriseras av multifacetterade och instabila motsatsförhållande sinsemellan flera, rådande mammastereotyper. Syftet är att söka nå en djupare förståelse av det sociala fenomenets betydelse och utbredning i Sverige samt identifiera förknippade platser, situationer och sociala institutioner. Med utgångspunkt i observerade interaktioner mellan (främst) kvinnor i diskussionsinlägg på sociala medieplattformar, och med hjälp av informanter söker studien att skildra hur individer upplever sitt moderskap i relation till sina föreställningar om och upplevelser av andra mammor, och vilken inverkan andra mammors föreställningar, handlingar och åsikter har för deras eget perspektiv på mammaroller. / The early 1990’s gave concurrent rise to increasing income gaps between the rich and the poor, low- and middle-income citizens, and to an agitated debate in the United States, that divided moms into two distinctly antagonistic groups: working moms and stay-home moms. Based on shared value sets, moms from all over the socioeconomic spectra could unite in support of and in opposition to either the more conservatively leaning or progressively liberal standpoint on social constructs of mothership and woman. The contemporary term for describing the social phenomena “Mom shaming”, reflects the rhetoric nature of ongoing conflicts characterized by particularly pronounced forms of shaming; manifested to a lesser degree in stable polarizations of dualistic antitheses, but rather in multifaceted, instable contradictions among contemporary stereotypes of mom. The aim is to reach a deeper understanding of its meanings and prevalence in Sweden, and to identify the places, situations and social institutions associated with it. On the premises of observed interactions between (primarily) women in the commentaries of social media platforms and with the help of informants, this study aims to depict individuals’ experiences of motherhood in relation to their conceptions and experiences of other women’s motherhood, and describe how prevailing conceptions, actions and standpoints among moms, influence individuals’ perspectives on motherhood.

MOM POWER: REPLANTING THE SEED Rebecca Otwell, BA & Diana Morelen, PhD, Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN Mom Power is a trauma-informed parenting intervention which aims to break the intergenerational transmission of risk by promoting enhanced parent-child attachment, increased social support, connection to community services, and utilization of self-care skills. Mom Power was developed to reach vulnerable families (e.g., mothers with trauma histories, low income, single mothers) and seeks to mitigate the barriers to access common for underserved populations through providing childcare, transportation assistance, and a trauma-informed and culturally sensitive milieu. This is a 10-week group (n = 8 mother-child dyads) with three individual check-in meetings, the first and last of which serve as collection points for pre- and post-group data. Mom Power was developed in Michigan and is currently being disseminated in Tennessee for the first time. Despite the novel nature of this intervention in Tennessee, data from its initial implementation in Michigan provides ample support for expected, positive outcomes from participation in current groups. In its pilot Tennessee implementation, Mom Power participants are 16 mother-child dyads from the local Tri-Cities area all referred by community resource partners. This presentation will summarize the Mom Power treatment model, briefly summarize the randomized control trial data from Michigan, describe the characteristics of the mothers served in the Tennessee pilot study (e.g., adverse childhood experiences score, depression, anxiety, income), and share preliminary findings for pre/post changes in maternal depression, maternal emotion regulation, maternal PTSD symptomology, and perceived stress. Improvements in these areas would have significant, subsequent implications for improvement of the mother-child experience and early intervention in the potential intergenerational transmission of risk, as well as for the effective implementation of Mom Power in the state of Tennessee.

The use of social media by parents posting on their profiles content that concerns their own children has increased the representation of children in the digital environment, especially on Instagram. However, when it comes to children, it is a sensitive and ethically problematic issue, and their publication can be creating potential problem. Not only regular users, but also influencers are active when it comes to publishing their own children, as they have thousands of followers and their activity on social media represents work or at least a substantial source of income. However, individual influencers may differ in their approach, whether in frequency of showing off children or (not)accepting collaborations on children's products. The objective of the thesis was to find out how Czech influencers approach public sharing of children on the social network Instagram. Within the research part, individual interviews were conducted, and the subsequent analysis showed that Czech influencers have individually set boundaries that affect the final form of the published content. They also turned out to be approached for commercial collaborations, but the way they approach these offers differs. On one hand, there are those who try to minimize the number of accepted collaborations, but on the other hand, some...

<div>Recently, researchers have pointed their attention toward Method of Moments (MoM)-based approaches to model low frequency magnetic devices (i.e. transformers and inductors). This has been prompted by the use of population-based design (PBD) methods wherein the performance of large numbers (on the order of millions) of candidate designs must be evaluated. MoM is attractive for such problems due to the fact that only the magnetic material is discretized. In addition, for the case in which the magnetic material is linear, only a surface mesh is required. In this research, point-matching and Galerkin-based MoM formulations are utilized for the design of electric machinery. In the formulations considered, the model inputs are the free currents of machine windings and the bound currents of permanent magnets. The unknowns are the magnetizations within the magnetic material which are used to compute winding inductance, electromagnetic torque, and core loss. </div><div><br></div><div>The proposed Galerkin formulation has been utilized in the PBD of a surface-mount permanent magnet machine with favorable results. Specifically, it is shown that a machine's performance can be evaluated on a time scale expected of a practical design tool. This is achieved in part through judicious exploitation of the periodic structure and excitation of machines to reduce the size of the system matrix. It is shown how the exploitation of periodic structure may be extended to the point-matching formulation for use in nonlinear analyses. Finally, alternative hybrid approaches that combine surface and volume meshing are explored for the analysis of an internal permanent magnet machine. It is shown that such a combination holds promise as a tool for rapid evaluation of machine performance.</div>

<div>In this research, the use of a Type-2 superconducting material (i.e. Yttrium Barium Copper Oxide) as a magnetic flux source within synchronous machines is considered. To do so, an analytical model is applied to predict the magnetic field and the currents that are induced within the material when it is magnetized to a mixed-state. These induced currents are then used to model the synchronous machine performance within a 2-dimensional Method of Moments (MoM) formulation. The MoM-based model is used in tandem with a thermal equivalent circuit to calculate the cooling required to keep the YBCO below its critical temperature. These are utilized within a genetic algorithm (GA) to evaluate the tradeoffs between mass and loss for several example electric drives ranging from 10 kW-20 MW. The expected mass and loss of the YBCO machines are compared to those of a standard permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM). Specifically, Pareto-optimal fronts are used to assess power levels where cryo-cooled YBCO materials may be warranted.<br></div>

This project is part of a community-based intervention research project in rural Appalachia called Mom Power. Mom Power is a trauma-informed parenting intervention developed to improve mental health and parenting among high-risk mothers with young children. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between maternal self-care beliefs, and maternal emotion regulation and coping skills. It was hypothesized that self-care beliefs would be negatively associated with emotion regulation difficulties and positively associated with coping skills. To date, 53 mothers oversampled for psychosocial stressors (e.g., low income, mental health difficulties, trauma histories) have completed self-report questionnaires on self-care, emotion regulation difficulties, and coping skills. Self-care beliefs were found to have a nonsignificant correlation with emotion regulation difficulties (r = -0.04) and a nonsignificant correlation with coping skills (r = 0.22). Though nonsignificant, the results add to our understanding of the relationship between these constructs such that there was a trend towards a positive relationship between self-care beliefs and coping, but not a relationship between self-care beliefs and emotion regulation difficulties. More research is needed on this topic to better provide for high-risk mothers.

We conducted a study to evaluate the effectiveness of Mom Power, a multifamily parenting intervention to improve mental health and parenting among high-risk mothers with young children in a community-based randomized controlled trial (CB-RCT) design. Participants (N = 122) were high-risk mothers (e.g., interpersonal trauma histories, mental health problems, poverty) and their young children (age <6 years), randomized either to Mom Power, a parenting intervention (treatment condition), or weekly mailings of parenting information (control condition). In this study, the 13-session intervention was delivered by community clinicians trained to fidelity. Pre- and post-trial assessments included mothers’ mental health symptoms, parenting stress and helplessness, and connection to care. Mom Power was delivered in the community with fidelity and had good uptake (>65%) despite the risk nature of the sample. Overall, we found improvements in mental health and parenting stress for Mom Power participants but not for controls; in contrast, control mothers increased in parent-child role reversal across the trial period. The benefits of Mom Power treatment (vs. control) were accentuated for mothers with interpersonal trauma histories. Results of this CB-RCT confirm the effectiveness of Mom Power for improving mental health and parenting outcomes for high-risk, trauma-exposed women with young children.

Internet use is a routine element of daily life in the early 21st century for many middle-class Americans. Today, millions of middle-class American mothers read and write online web-logs detailing motherhood and domestic life and mom blogs, formerly known as "mommy blogs," facilitate substantial economic activity. Participants collectively invest millions of hours in these blogs, sharing information and experiences, and offering each other validation and support. The present qualitative study of American mom blogs uses traditional grounded theory methods as well as Netnography techniques to investigate the thematic content found in the publicly posted text of 25 different mom blogs during 2011. Aspects of Goffman's theory of Dramaturgy and Chayko's theory of portable communities provide an interpretive framework for my findings. These findings suggest that mom blogs give participating mothers the power of voice which they use to publish highly controlled, yet powerful messages that communicate the values and role definitions of early 21st century motherhood to a growing online community. Messages tend to portray standards, styles, and secrets of contemporary, middle-class American motherhood.

No / A procedure to reduce the effect of the mobile antenna on the handset by using balanced antennas has been investigated. Use of this type of antenna may degrade the antenna performance, such as bandwidth and gain, although it can cause less effect on the body to which they are adjacent. If the antennas are well designed, the maximum specific absorption rate (SAR) values are likely to be reduced when placed next to the head, since the coupling of such antennas to the body of the handset is very weak. A study on balanced and unbalanced antennas for mobile handsets next to the human head is presented, using a hybrid electromagnetics method for the analysis. The method uses the hybridisation technique between the frequency-domain method of moments (MoM) and the finite-difference time-domain method (FDTD). The antenna was modelled using MoM whereas the head tissues were modelled using FDTD. Two antennas were designed and investigated with respect to the SAR and radiation performance for two different antenna positions on the top edge of a mobile handset. Radiation patterns are presented and compared, with and without the head, and the maximum SAR values and field distributions inside the head are discussed. The balanced antenna shows good improvements with respect to the unbalanced antenna in terms of the SAR values and variations of the input impedances.

Tesis por compendio / [ES] La gestión sostenible de las cadenas de suministro se ha transformado en un tema de alto interés entre profesionales e investigadores en el ámbito de la ingeniería industrial. El impacto que generan las actividades económicas en el medioambiente y en las comunidades donde éstas se ubican ha generado un incremento en el desarrollo de herramientas que permitan incorporar dichos impactos en las decisiones tomadas en el nivel estratégico de las empresas e industrias. Es así como surgen nuevos paradigmas respecto al modelo de producción, como por ejemplo la economía circular, donde se busca transitar desde una economía de producción lineal, hacia una circular reduciendo al mínimo la generación de desperdicios, ya sea material y/o energético. En este contexto, esta tesis doctoral, sustentada en una revisión de la literatura y en un análisis de modelos de optimización matemática de referencia, propone un marco conceptual como herramienta de soporte para seguir desarrollando modelos cuantitativos para dar soporte a los problemas de localización, inventario y transporte (LIT) en cadenas de suministro sostenibles, así como, un modelo de optimización multiobjetivo no lineal entero mixto (MOMINLP) para diseñar una cadena de suministro sostenible de bucle cerrado considerando las decisiones LIT, donde los aspectos de sostenibilidad: económico, medioambiental y social son incorporados en cada una de las decisiones anteriores. El modelo propuesto, denominado 3S-LIT, considera cuatro funciones objetivo que pretenden: (1) minimizar el coste total de la cadena de suministro; (2) minimizar los costes asociados a la emisión de CO2 equivalente; (3) minimizar el coste social relacionado con los accidentes laborales; y (4) maximizar el impacto social, medido como el incremento en cuanto a la generación de empleos directos e indirectos y la reducción en la cantidad de personas afectas por los riesgos del transporte dentro de la cadena de suministro. El modelo 3S-LIT ha sido validado en una empresa del sector minero del cobre obteniendo un mejor desempeño en los valores de las funciones objetivo respecto a los obtenidos en la situación actual. Además, el modelo 3S-LIT se ha comparado con un enfoque existente en la literatura científica obteniéndose unos resultados satisfactorios tanto en términos de funcionalidades como de resultados. Finalmente, el modelo propuesto de optimización matemática, 3S-LIT, es replicado en un modelo de simulación con el cual se estudiaron posibles escenarios de disrupción de la cadena de suministro con el objetivo de analizar su capacidad resiliente. / [CA] La gestió sostenible de les cadenes de subministrament s'ha transformat en un tema d'alt interès entre professionals i investigadors en l'àmbit de l'enginyeria industrial. L'impacte que generen les activitats econòmiques en el medi ambient i en les comunitats on aquestes se situen ha generat un increment en el desenvolupament d'eines que permeten incorporar aquests impactes en les decisions preses en el nivell estratègic de les empreses i indústries. És així com sorgeixen nous paradigmes respecte al model de producció, com per exemple l'economia circular, on se cerca transitar des d'una economia de producció lineal, cap a una circular reduint al mínim la generació de desaprofitaments, ja siga material i/o energètic. En aquest context, aquesta tesi doctoral, sustentada en una revisió de la literatura i en una anàlisi de models d'optimització matemàtica de referència, proposa un marc conceptual com a eina de suport per a continuar desenvolupant models quantitatius per a donar suport als problemes de localització, inventari i transport (LIT) en cadenes de subministrament sostenibles, així com, un model d'optimització multi-objectiu no lineal enter mixt (MOMINLP) per a dissenyar una cadena de subministrament sostenible de bucle tancat considerant les decisions LIT, on els aspectes de sostenibilitat: econòmic, mediambiental i social són incorporats en cadascuna de les decisions anteriors. El model proposat, denominat 3S-LIT, considera quatre funcions objectiu que pretenen: (1) minimitzar el cost total de la cadena de subministrament; (2) minimitzar els costos associats a l'emissió de CO2 equivalent; (3) minimitzar el cost social relacionat amb els accidents laborals; i (4) maximitzar l'impacte social, mesurat com l'increment quant a la generació d'ocupacions directes i indirectes i la reducció en la quantitat de persones afectes pels riscos del transport dins de la cadena de subministrament. El model 3S-LIT ha sigut validat en una empresa del sector miner del coure obtenint un millor acompliment en els valors de les funcions objectiu respecte als obtinguts en la situació actual. A més, el model 3S-LIT s'ha comparat amb un enfocament existent en la literatura científica obtenint-se uns resultats satisfactoris tant en termes de funcionalitats com de resultats. Finalment, el model proposat d'optimització matemàtica, 3S-LIT, és replicat en un model de simulació amb el qual es van estudiar possibles escenaris de disrupció de la cadena de subministrament amb l'objectiu d'analitzar la seua capacitat resilient. / [EN] Sustainable supply chain management has become a topic of great interest among practitioners and researchers in the field of industrial engineering. The impact generated by economic activities on the environment and the communities where they are located has generated an increase in the development of tools that allow the incorporation of these impacts in the decisions taken at the strategic level of companies and industries. This is how new paradigms emerge regarding the production model, such as the Circular Economy, which seeks to move from a linear production economy to a circular one by minimising the generation of waste, both material and energetic. In this context, this PhD thesis, supported by a state-of-the-art study and the analysis of benchmark mathematical optimisation models, presents a conceptual framework to provide the key elements that act as a valuable tool to further develop quantitative models of location, inventory and transport (LIT) problems in sustainable supply chains, and a novel mixed integer non-linear multi-objective mixed integer multi-objective optimisation model (MOMINLP) for designing a closed-loop sustainable supply chain considering location, inventory and transportation decisions, where economic, environmental and social sustainability aspects are incorporated in each of the above mentioned decisions. The proposed model, called 3S-LIT, considers four objective functions that aim to: (1) minimise the total cost of the supply chain, (2) minimise the costs associated with CO2 equivalent emissions, (3) minimise the social cost related to occupational accidents, and (4) maximise the social impact, measured as a higher generation of direct and indirect jobs and a lower number of people affected by transport risks within the chain. The 3S-LIT model has been applied in a company in the copper mining sector, confirming a better performance in the values of the objective functions compared to those obtained in the current situation. In addition, the mathematical optimisation model is replicated in a simulation model with which possible supply chain disruption scenarios were studied to analyse the resilience of the supply chain. / This thesis has been developed within the Research Centre on Production Management and Engineering (CIGIP) of the Universitat Politècnica de València, within the framework of the projects: "Industrial Production and Logistics Optimization in Industry 4.0" (i4OPT) (Ref. PROMETEO/2021/065) granted by the Valencian Regional Government and received funding from Grant RTI2018-101344-B-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe”; “Validation of transferable results of optimisation of zero-defect enabling production technologies for supply chain 4.0” (CADS4.0-II) from the grant PDC2022-133957-I00; and by European Union Next GenerationEU/PRTR, and from the European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 101070076 "Optimizing Production and Logistic Resources in the Time-critical Bio Production Industries in Europe" (CLARUS). It was also funded by the National Agency for Research and Development (ANID)/Scholarship Program/Doctorado Becas en el Extranjero/2020 – 72210174 and sponsored by the Universidad de Atacama as part of an academic improvement plan. / Becerra Muñoz, PA. (2023). Quantitative Models of Location, Inventory and Transportation Decisions for Sustainable Supply Chain Management [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/196651 / Compendio