Synthesis and characterisation of the bis-MPA based branched materials was performed. Thymine derivative was incorporated into the polymer structure as a core moiety and an active centre for H-bonding. The formation of assemblies was investigated. / Im Rammen der Doktorarbeit wurden bis-MPA basierter dendrititsche und hochverzweigte Polymeren synthetisiert. Sie haben Thymin Derivat als Kernmolecule. Die H-Brücken zwischen Polymeren und DAPy Derivate wurden untersucht.

Synthesis and characterisation of the bis-MPA based branched materials was performed. Thymine derivative was incorporated into the polymer structure as a core moiety and an active centre for H-bonding. The formation of assemblies was investigated. / Im Rammen der Doktorarbeit wurden bis-MPA basierter dendrititsche und hochverzweigte Polymeren synthetisiert. Sie haben Thymin Derivat als Kernmolecule. Die H-Brücken zwischen Polymeren und DAPy Derivate wurden untersucht.

Este trabalho trata da narrativa de resistência que o Movimento de Pequenos Agricultores-MPA constituiu para resistir aos processos de expropriação das sementes dos camponeses, no estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. O objetivo é analisar como o projeto de sementes do movimento influenciou a construção da soberania alimentar por meio de suas ações junto às instituições. Como instrumentos metodológicos fontes primárias e secundárias foram utilizadas, levando em consideração o referencial teórico da ecologia política, focado em conceitos de conflitos socioambientais, justiça ambiental e soberania alimentar. Assim, foi realizada pesquisa de campo, nos anos de 2015 e 2016, nos estados do Distrito Federal, Santa Catarina e Rio Grande do Sul, com diferentes atores que participaram do processo. Da análise constata-se que o movimento por meio da cooperativa Oestebio, desenvolveu a experiência de massificação de sementes crioulas e varietais a partir de uma ampla articulação de ações, alianças com instituições e outros movimentos, influenciando e sendo influenciado por políticas públicas e ações do Estado para constituir a soberania genética com base no projeto de soberania alimentar. Ao teceram uma longa teia de relações, articulando os campos político, econômico, científico e socioambiental, ancorado no diálogo constante nos diferentes níveis local, regional, nacional e internacional - constituíram uma experiência portadora da soberania alimentar dentro dos limites atuais da economia política contemporânea, expropriadora de recursos e geradora de conflitos e injustiças socioambientais. / This thesis is about the resistance narrative of Small Farmers Movement has established to resist to expropriation of peasants seeds, in the Santa Catarina state, Brazil. The goal is to analyze how the project of seed of the movement has impacted the food sovereignty throughout its actions with institutions. Primary and secondary sources were used as methodological tools taking account the political ecology approach, focusing on concepts such as socio-environmental conflicts, environmental justice and food sovereignty. A field work was conducted, in 2015 and 2016, in Distrito Federal, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul states, interviewing several actors who took part of this process. It was verified that the movement by means of Oestebio cooperative developed the experience of multliplication of native and varietals seeds throughout a broad articulation of actions, alliances with institutions and others social movements. It has influenced and has received influence of public policies and State actions to constitute genetic sovereignty based on its food sovereignty project. By weaving a long web of relations, connecting the political, economical, scientific and socio-environmental fields, based on a frequent dialogue in different levels local, regional, national and international they built an experience of food sovereignty inside current limits of the political economy, expropriator of resources and producer of socio-environmental conflicts and injustices.

No description available.

Este trabalho trata da narrativa de resistência que o Movimento de Pequenos Agricultores-MPA constituiu para resistir aos processos de expropriação das sementes dos camponeses, no estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. O objetivo é analisar como o projeto de sementes do movimento influenciou a construção da soberania alimentar por meio de suas ações junto às instituições. Como instrumentos metodológicos fontes primárias e secundárias foram utilizadas, levando em consideração o referencial teórico da ecologia política, focado em conceitos de conflitos socioambientais, justiça ambiental e soberania alimentar. Assim, foi realizada pesquisa de campo, nos anos de 2015 e 2016, nos estados do Distrito Federal, Santa Catarina e Rio Grande do Sul, com diferentes atores que participaram do processo. Da análise constata-se que o movimento por meio da cooperativa Oestebio, desenvolveu a experiência de massificação de sementes crioulas e varietais a partir de uma ampla articulação de ações, alianças com instituições e outros movimentos, influenciando e sendo influenciado por políticas públicas e ações do Estado para constituir a soberania genética com base no projeto de soberania alimentar. Ao teceram uma longa teia de relações, articulando os campos político, econômico, científico e socioambiental, ancorado no diálogo constante nos diferentes níveis local, regional, nacional e internacional - constituíram uma experiência portadora da soberania alimentar dentro dos limites atuais da economia política contemporânea, expropriadora de recursos e geradora de conflitos e injustiças socioambientais. / This thesis is about the resistance narrative of Small Farmers Movement has established to resist to expropriation of peasants seeds, in the Santa Catarina state, Brazil. The goal is to analyze how the project of seed of the movement has impacted the food sovereignty throughout its actions with institutions. Primary and secondary sources were used as methodological tools taking account the political ecology approach, focusing on concepts such as socio-environmental conflicts, environmental justice and food sovereignty. A field work was conducted, in 2015 and 2016, in Distrito Federal, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul states, interviewing several actors who took part of this process. It was verified that the movement by means of Oestebio cooperative developed the experience of multliplication of native and varietals seeds throughout a broad articulation of actions, alliances with institutions and others social movements. It has influenced and has received influence of public policies and State actions to constitute genetic sovereignty based on its food sovereignty project. By weaving a long web of relations, connecting the political, economical, scientific and socio-environmental fields, based on a frequent dialogue in different levels local, regional, national and international they built an experience of food sovereignty inside current limits of the political economy, expropriator of resources and producer of socio-environmental conflicts and injustices.

Ämnet för studien var improvisation och improvisationsundervisning i relation till begreppet Music Performance Anxiety (MPA) samt tänkbara kopplingar däremellan. MPA beskrivs enklast som ångestkänslor i samband med musikutövande. Syftet med studien var att utforska Music Performance Anxiety utifrån en jazzmusikers perspektiv. Är det möjligt att känna prestationsångest i en kontext där det egentligen inte går att ”spela fel”? Jämförelser med konstmusiken blir därför relevant. Ett vidare syfte var att finna verktyg för att kunna uppmärksamma och hjälpa elever med MPA inom ensembleundervisning med fokus på improvisation. Vilka metoder och material använder pedagogerna? I studien valdes en kvalitativ metod, baserat på forskningsintervjuer med tre olika musiker och pedagoger inom improvisation. Det kompletterades genom att utforska befintlig litteratur inom improvisation och MPA. Studiens resultat påvisar att samtliga informanter hade stora erfarenheter och personliga upplevelser av både improvisation och MPA samt kopplingar däremellan och att MPA är ett förekommande fenomen inte bara inom konstmusik utan även bland jazzmusiker. Resultaten påvisar även att MPA framställs som något mindre vanligt bland jazzmusiker än hos klassiska musiker. Det finns inom jazzkulturen en reservation mot att visa tecken på svagheter som nervositet och prestationsångest. Förhoppningvis kan studien bidra till att lyfta ämnet MPA inom jazz och populärmusik, då det tidigare inte varit så beforskat inom dessa genrer. En vidare aspiration är att uppmärksamma musikpedagoger på hur de kan hjälpa elever som upplever svårigheter i improvisationsundervisning. / The subject of the study was improvisation and improvisational teaching in relation to the concept of Music Performance Anxiety (MPA) and possible connections between them. MPA is most easily described as feelings of anxiety in connection with playing music. The purpose of the study was to explore Music Performance Anxiety from a jazz musician's perspective. Is it possible to feel performance anxiety in a context where it is not really possible to "play wrong"? Comparisons with classical music therefore become relevant. A further purpose was to find tools to be able to draw attention to and help students with MPA in ensemble teaching with a focus on improvisation. What methods and materials do the educators use? In the study, a qualitative method was chosen, based on research interviews with three different musicians and educators in improvisation. It was supplemented by exploring existing literature in improvisation and MPA. The results of the study show that all informants had great experiences and personal experiences of both improvisation and MPA as well as connections between them and that MPA is a common phenomenon not only in art music but also among jazz musicians. The results also show that MPA is presented as somewhat less common among jazz musicians than among classical musicians. There is a reservation in jazz culture against showing signs of weaknesses such as nervousness and performance anxiety. Hopefully, the study can help to raise the topic of MPA in jazz and popular music, as it has not previously been so researched in these genres. A further aspiration is to draw the attention of music educators to how they can help students who experience difficulties in improvisational teaching.

No description available.

With the rapid development of the coastal environment and advances in fishing technology, marine biodiversity and fishery resources are decreasing dramatically. Therefore, each state is now focusing on conserving the marine environment. Planning Marine Protected Areas is one of the simplest and most efficient ways to do this. In recent years, researches have been conducted on Marine Protected Areas around the world. The government and academic fields in Taiwan also has started to value its surrounding marine environment. However, literature on the Marine Protected Areas in Taiwan has focused on policy and management, not so much on planning and zoning strategies. Therefore, this study uses the Geographic Information System (GIS) to simulate the planning and zoning process. This research set principles and zoning framework for Marine Protected Areas in Taiwan based on case studies and spatial analysis techniques. This study uses Gueishan Island in Yilan County as case study since the unique geographical environment of Gueishan Island provides potentiality to set Marine Protected Areas. In this study, it is suggested that "hot spring resources", "cetacean resources", and "fisheries resources" are the main protected objectives. The zoning strategies, management guidelines and recommendations are provided in this study based on these three protected objectives. According to the GIS simulation process, using the spatial analysis techniques is one of the possible efficient methodologies to plan and zone the Marine Protected Areas. With supplementary data and information, the results can be discussed more specifically in the further study. In addition, techniques of visualization during the MPAs zoning process can be a easier way for various stakeholders to understand, and to strengthen mutual communication, thereby reducing disputes to create successful Marine Protected Areas.

It is an internationally acknowledged that marine protected area (MPA) is an important measure for maintaining biodiversity and rescuing endangered species. MPA can also effectively inhibit human interferences such as development and pollution discharge. The establishment of MPA is possible to fulfill the goal of sustainable management, which is to conserve marine habitat for an integrative ecosystem and a higher biodiversity. However, how to design an effective MPA remains an important research issue to be explored. In order to grasp the spatial distribution of the ecological data in the study area, the current research uses spatial interpolation tool, Kriging, provided by the Geographic information system (GIS) software. Then three spatial analytical models have been developed based on integer programming techniques. It is guarantee that all three models can find the global optimal solutions for the best protective area partitions. This quantitative approach is more efficient and effective compared to the qualitative methods in many aspects. The models are able to preserve the maximum ecological resources under the limited spatial area. Besides, the model formulation can be adjusted from different environmental impact factors to fulfill the requirements of users. The case study of the research is to design a MPA for Kaomei wetland. However the spatial analytical models developed in this research can also be applied to protected area design in land area.

I det här arbetet undersöktes sångpedagogers syn på och erfarenheter av elevers prestationsångest och hur sångpedagoger kan arbeta med förebyggande och hantering av elevers prestationsångest i undervisningen. Fyra sångpedagoger intervjuades i semistrukturerade, kvalitativa intervjuer angående tankar kring elevers prestationsångest. Informanterna hade främst erfarenhet av undervisning på gymnasienivå. Resultatet sammanställdes med hjälp av tematisk analys. Informanterna definierade prestationsångest som ett begrepp som kunde delas in i olika nivåer beroende på hur starkt eleven upplevde det. Dessa nivåer benämndes med angränsande begrepp där ord som användes var nervositet, scenskräck, stress, riktig ångest, starkt missnöje och besvikelse samt prestationsönskemål. Den högsta graden av prestationsångest beskrevs av vissa informanter som när eleverna bröt ihop och började gråta och eventuellt lämnade rummet på ett dramatiskt sätt. Informanterna menade att elever som drabbades av prestationsångest ofta var högpresterande, tjejer och yngre gymnasieelever snarare än äldre elever. Informanterna trodde också att sångelever drabbades oftare och värre av prestationsångest än andra musikelever. I resultatet framgick vidare att sångpedagogernas erfarenheter var att eleverna hade svårigheter med att hantera negativa känslor. Dessa känslor uppstod särskilt inför konserter, men för yngre gymnasieelever även i privatlektioner. Informanterna tyckte sig kunna identifiera markörer som visade när eleverna upplevde prestationsångest och använde dessa markörer vid hantering. Hanteringsstrategier som togs upp var att introducera moment stegvis beroende på elevens reaktion, samtal kring elevens oro, byte av fokus, peppande och avdramatiserande. Strategier kring förebyggande som presenterades handlade om praktiska och mentala förberedelser samt skapande av tillåtande miljöer. Överlag stämde resultatet överens med tidigare forskning. En viss kritik återfanns dock i tidigare forskning kring lärares brist på kompetens gällande hantering av prestationsångest samt låg frekvens av samtal kring prestationsångest i musikundervisning. Detta stämde till övervägande del inte överens med resultatet. Vidare forskning kring elevers syn på och erfarenheter av prestationsångest ses dock som nödvändig för mer precisa jämförelser.