No description available.

Background To investigate vascular-related pathophysiological characteristics of two human lung cancers with modifiable vascularisation using MRI and CT. Methods Tumour xenografts with modifiable vascularisation were established in 71 rats (approval by the Animal Care Committee was obtained) by subcutaneous transplantation of two human non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells (A549, H1299) either alone or co-transplanted with vascular growth promoters. The vascularity of the tumours was assessed noninvasively by MRI diffusion-weighted-imaging (DWI), T2-weighted, and time-of-flight (TOF) sequences) as well as contrast-enhanced CT (CE-CT), using clinical scanners. As a reference standard, histological examinations (CD-31, fluorescent beads) were done after explantation. Results Microvessel density (MVD) was higher in co-transplanted tumours (171 ± 19 number/mm2) than in non-co-transplanted tumours (111 ± 11 number/mm2; p = 0.002). Co-transplanted tumours showed higher growth rates and larger tumour vessels at TOF-MRI as well as larger necrotic areas at CE-CT. In co-transplanted tumours, DWI revealed higher cellularity (lower minimal ADCdiff 166 ± 15 versus 346 ± 27 mm2/s × 10−6; p < 0.001), highly necrotic areas (higher maximal ADCdiff 1695 ± 65 versus 1320 ± 59 mm2/s × 10−6; p < 0.001), and better-perfused tumour stroma (higher ADCperf 723 ± 36 versus 636 ± 51 mm2/s × 10−6; p = 0.005). Significant correlations were found using qualitative and quantitative parameters: maximal ADCperf and MVD (r = 0.326); maximal ADCdiff and relative necrotic volume on CE-CT (r = 0.551); minimal ADCdiff and MVD (r = −0.395). Conclusions Pathophysiological differences related to vascular supply in two human lung cancer cell lines with modifiable vascularity are quantifiable with clinical imaging techniques. Imaging parameters of vascularisation correlated with the results of histology. DWI was able to characterise both the extent of necrosis and the level of perfusion.

Background To investigate vascular-related pathophysiological characteristics of two human lung cancers with modifiable vascularisation using MRI and CT. Methods Tumour xenografts with modifiable vascularisation were established in 71 rats (approval by the Animal Care Committee was obtained) by subcutaneous transplantation of two human non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells (A549, H1299) either alone or co-transplanted with vascular growth promoters. The vascularity of the tumours was assessed noninvasively by MRI diffusion-weighted-imaging (DWI), T2-weighted, and time-of-flight (TOF) sequences) as well as contrast-enhanced CT (CE-CT), using clinical scanners. As a reference standard, histological examinations (CD-31, fluorescent beads) were done after explantation. Results Microvessel density (MVD) was higher in co-transplanted tumours (171 ± 19 number/mm2) than in non-co-transplanted tumours (111 ± 11 number/mm2; p = 0.002). Co-transplanted tumours showed higher growth rates and larger tumour vessels at TOF-MRI as well as larger necrotic areas at CE-CT. In co-transplanted tumours, DWI revealed higher cellularity (lower minimal ADCdiff 166 ± 15 versus 346 ± 27 mm2/s × 10−6; p < 0.001), highly necrotic areas (higher maximal ADCdiff 1695 ± 65 versus 1320 ± 59 mm2/s × 10−6; p < 0.001), and better-perfused tumour stroma (higher ADCperf 723 ± 36 versus 636 ± 51 mm2/s × 10−6; p = 0.005). Significant correlations were found using qualitative and quantitative parameters: maximal ADCperf and MVD (r = 0.326); maximal ADCdiff and relative necrotic volume on CE-CT (r = 0.551); minimal ADCdiff and MVD (r = −0.395). Conclusions Pathophysiological differences related to vascular supply in two human lung cancer cell lines with modifiable vascularity are quantifiable with clinical imaging techniques. Imaging parameters of vascularisation correlated with the results of histology. DWI was able to characterise both the extent of necrosis and the level of perfusion.

In dieser Studie sind die Massenvolumina und die Innenvolumina rechter und linker Ventrikel von 36 Patienten (15 Frauen und 21 Männer, im Alter zwischen 24 und 82 Jahren, mittleres Alter 54 Jahre) mittels transösophagealer Echokardiographie (TEE, HP SONOS 1500 mit einen rotierenden 5Mhz Schallkopf) und Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT, 1,5T Ganzkörper-MRT - ACS, Philips. T1-gewichtete Turbo-Gradientenecho-Sequenz) untersucht worden. Ziel ist es beide Untersuchungsmethoden auf Übereinstimmungen und Unterschiede bei Messung von Massenvolumina und Innenvolumina beider Ventrikel unter Berücksichtigung von Sinusrhythmus (26 Ventrikel) und Vorhofflimmern (18 Ventrikel) zu überprüfen. Dabei werden sowohl die Innenvolumina, die freien Wände und die Septen jeweils in der Enddiastole und in der Endsystole verglichen als auch die abgeleiteten Parameter, Ejektionsfraktionen und Schlagvolumina. Beide Methoden werden mit der Scheibchen-Summationsmethode aus jeweils vier Einzelmessungen verglichen. Die graphische und statistische Auswertung erfolgt mittels Bland-Altmann-Plot. Im T-Test für unverbundene Stichproben stellt sich kein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen linken und rechten sowie zwischen großen und kleinen Ventrikeln heraus. Es besteht ein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen Ventrikeln mit Vorhofflimmern und Sinusrhythmus, so dass wir hier einen Vergleich aufstellen. Die enddiastolischen Messungen der Innenvolumina und freien Wände zeigen deutliche Diskrepanzen der Ventrikel mit Sinusrhythmus und Vorhofflimmern - um etwa das Doppelte der Standardabweichung und des systematischen Fehlers. Die enddiastolischen Septen sind annährend gleich gut dargestellt. In der Endsystole liefern die Messungen der Innenvolumina, der freien Wände und der Septen annähernd gleiche Ergebnisse wie in der Enddiastole. Die errechneten Ejektionsfraktionen haben sowohl bei Sinusrhythmus als auch bei Vorhofflimmern gleich gut Standardabweichungen und systematische Fehler. Ähnlich verhält es sich bei den Daten der Schlagvolumina. Absolut betrachtet liefern beide volumetrischen Messmethoden bei Ventrikeln mit Sinusrhythmus und Vorhofflimmern akzeptable Ergebnisse, da die Differenzen nur wenige Milliliter betragen. / This study compares the feasibility of calculating the masses and the inner volumes the of right and left heart ventricles in 36 patients (15 female and 21 male, ages between 24 and 82 years, mean 54 years) with transesophageal echocardiography (TEE, HP SONOS 1500 with a rotating 5Mhz transducer) and cardiac MRI (1,5Tesla whole body MRI, ACS Philips with a Synergy Cardiac Coil, T1-Turbo Gradient Echo). We want to compare both methods in calculating the inner volumes, the septal and the free myocardial masses in endsystolic and enddiastolic phases as well as the ejection fraction (EF) and the stroke volume (SV) in ventricles with sinusrhythm (n=26) and with atrial fibrillation (n=18). Both methods are evaluated by a disc-summation method from a mean value of four different measurement. The statistic analysis is done with a Bland-Altmann-Plot. The T-test shows no significant difference between big and small or right and left ventricular masses, but it shows a significant difference in the measured data of ventricles with sinusrhythm and those with atrail fibrillation. A subgroup analysis is performed on the latter. The standard error of mean and the systemic mistake of the inner- and myocardial-volumes differ about double the size with ventricles in atrial fibrillation from those with sinusrhythm. The septal volumes show no differences in both subgroups. The endsystolic measurements are about equal from those in the enddiastolic phase. The EF and the SV have equal standard error of means and systemic mistakes in both subgroups of sinusrhythm and atrial fibrillation. In conclusion both methods are equally reliable in the volumetric measurement of ventricles with sinusrhythm and atrial fibrillation, because the absolute value differs just a few milliliters.

台北捷運通車至今已達十年，雖然隨著路網擴展乘客漸增，但根據統計資料顯示汽機車的持有不減反增，且目前搭乘情況距離政府設定搭乘大眾運輸運具比例達60%之目標仍有相當的成長空間，顯示仍有相當比例的民眾不使用或不願意搭乘捷運。另外，全球觀光客已將台灣視為消費平價的觀光地點，又根據文獻發現60％的遊客於旅遊時會將交通列為首位，而台北市是一個相對發展良好且充滿國際化的都市，並有較完整的大眾運輸系統，為了提升大眾運輸使用率，因此，影響使用者搭乘捷運的因素為何，又國人與國際觀光客的看法有何差異便值得探討。 從相關文獻探討中可知影響消費者搭乘捷運的因素，包括：搭乘捷運能快速到達目的地、等車時間短、捷運準點性高、搭乘環境是安全的、搭乘環境是舒適的、捷運票價合理、捷運車站內設施乾淨、提供外語的資訊導覽、有充足的無障礙設施、捷運車站周邊人行步道設計舒適、捷運車站周邊的業種多元、捷運車站附近逛街方便、捷運車站服務人員態度友善專業、容易了解如何搭乘捷運、捷運轉乘系統方便、捷運資訊充足、捷運系統資訊標示清楚、捷運車站設計具有地方特色、捷運車站設計具有景觀意象、捷運車站為顯著的地標、住宿地點緊鄰捷運站、捷運至觀光遊憩地點具方便性、捷運系統能串連許多景點等。 本研究之目的在於調查國人與國際觀光客搭乘捷運之體驗與評價，透過因素分析所粹取出的構面來瞭解搭乘捷運所重視的因素，本研究分別調查304位國人與312位國際觀光客，研究結果顯示，國人與國際觀光客分別在社經特性、旅遊行為及搭乘捷運經驗上，對於搭乘捷運重視因素有顯著性之差異，最後針對分析結果提出三大努力目標與策略：（1）高可及性的運輸系統：提高可及性、完善轉乘系統、串連捷運周邊景點；（2）豐富的資訊系統：提供完善資訊、提升服務人員專業性；（3）友善鮮明的空間與多元的使用：注入設計感、增添形象性、多元化土地使用、人性化步道設施等，以供提升大眾捷運系統使用率的參考。 / Taipei MRT has already operated more than ten years. Though the basic traffic network has been built up to serve more citizens, the number of cars and motorcycles is still increasing. Moreover, only 60% of targeted people set by the government use public transportation system but actually it is less than expected. The evidence shows that some people are unwilling to take Taipei MRT or do not use it. Of all cities in Taiwan, Taipei is fully internationalized and best-equipped with a completed metro public transit system. Taipei MRT Company is trying to increase number of inbound tourists by providing a better travel experience and designing different marketing strategies to increase better MRT tourism attraction. Therefore, the important factors influencing people and inbound tourists to take Taipei MRT are worth studying. According to the related studies, this study analyzes those factors influencing people and inbound tourists to take Taipei MRT. The factors include efficient, short waiting time, on-time, safe and reliable, comfortable, reasonable ticket price, clean and neat environment, multi-language interpretation, sufficient handicapped facility, comfortable pedestrianization, diversified functions of land use, convenient for shopping, friendly service people, easy process, convenient transfer system, abundant information, clear signpost, unique interior design, good landscape design, distinctive landmark, close to the hotel, convenient to sightseeing spot, attached to tourism spots et al. Thus, this study aims at exploring the factors influencing the people and inbound tourists to take Taipei MRT. This study first conducts 616 samples by using a closed-ended questionnaire. Then it employs exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to derive meaningful and uncorrelated factors. Further, it analyzes whether people and inbound tourists with different background and carriage behavior have difference in influential factors of taking Taipei MRT. Finally, based on the result of factor analysis, it provides three main goals and suggestions for promoting people to take Taipei MRT. The three main goals include: (1) The high accessible transportation system: advance the access, improve the transfer system, and attached to tourism spots along Taipei MRT line. (2) Abundant information system: offer sufficient information and improve the services people more professional. (3) Friendly, distinct space and diversified use: create the stations with full of image and design, diversified land use, and humanized pavement facility.

Involviert in Netzwerke für das episodische Gedächtnis sowie als Bestandteil des Hypothalamus und des limbischen Systems stellen sich die im Zwischenhirn gelegenen Mamillarkörper als Zielstruktur im Kontext affektiver Störungen dar. Bislang waren die Mamillarkörper diesbezüglich lediglich in einer postmortem durchgeführten Studie Gegenstand der Forschung; es liegen keine Untersuchungen mit Hilfe der 7 Tesla-Magnetresonanztomografie vor. Um diese neuen Möglichkeiten der in vivo-Volumetrie im Submillimeterbereich auszuschöpfen, wurde auf Grundlage einer farbkodierten Darstellung ein detaillierter Algorithmus entwickelt, der sich als Hauptergebnis der vorliegenden Arbeit als hoch reliabel erwies. In der vorliegenden Pilotstudie wurde darüber hinaus das Mamillarkörper-Volumen von 14 Patientinnen und Patienten mit einer Bipolaren Störung und 20 gesunden Kontrollpersonen anhand von hochaufgelösten T1-gewichteten MRT-Bildern bestimmt. Ein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen den beiden Gruppen konnte nicht nachgewiesen werden, ebenso kein Unterschied zwischen den Geschlechtern. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass das Volumen der Mamillarkörper signifikant invers mit dem Alter der ProbandInnen korreliert. Des Weiteren wurde eine signifikante positive Korrelation mit dem Gesamthirnvolumen der ProbandInnen festgestellt. Krankheitsschwere und Episodenzahl hingegen hatten keinen Einfluss auf das Mamillarkörper-Volumen. Die Ergebnisse dieser Pilotstudie sollten anhand einer größeren Stichprobe überprüft werden.

Ziel: Untersuchung des Stellenwertes der HR-MRT bei Frauen mit suspekten Mikroverkalkungen der Kategorie BIRADS 4 und 5, die im Rahmen des Mammographie-Screenings, der weiteren Diagnostik oder der Nachsorge nach brusterhaltender Karzinomtherapie detektiert wurden. Methoden: Retrospektive Studie von Mai 2003 bis Mai 2014. 139 Frauen mit mammographisch nachgewiesenen Mikroverkalkungen und Anfertigung einer hochauflösenden Mamma-MRT sowie stereotaktischer Vakuumstanzbiopsie oder primär offener Exzision. Ergebnisse: Bei 52 Patientinnen wurde ein Mammakarzinom diagnostiziert. 34 DCIS (65%), 2 DCIS (4%) mit minimal invasiver Komponente (pTmic) und 18 invasive Karzinome (31%). In der Mammographie wurden die Kalzifikationen in 80% (111/139) BIRADS-Kategorie 4 und in 20% (27/139) BIRADS-Kategorie 5 zugeordnet. In der HR-Mamma-MRT wurden knapp 40% (55/139) der mammographisch suspekten Mikroverkalkungen ebenfalls als malignomverdächtig eingestuft, davon 70% (38/55) in BIRADS 4 und 30% (17/55) in BIRADS 5. Unter Berücksichtigung des vorselektionierten Studienkollektivs ergibt sich Folgendes: Der PPV der Mammographie betrug 37% (52/139). Der PPV und NPV des HR-MRT betrug 76% (42/55) und 88% (74/84). Das MRT wies eine Sensitivität von 80% (42/52) und eine Spezifität von 85% (74/87) auf. Schlussfolgerung: Bei mammographisch suspekten Mikroverkalkungen der Kategorie BIRADS 4 und 5 ist die hochauflösende Mamma-MRT in der Lage das Karzinomrisiko vor bioptischer Abklärung einzuordnen. Die artefaktfreie HR-MRT kann somit die Anzahl unnötiger Biopsien deutlich reduzieren, sofern falsch negative (fast ausnahmslos Frühstkarzinome) und falsch positive Befunde akzeptiert werden.

<p><!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:SimSun; panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1; mso-font-alt:宋体; mso-font-charset:134; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-format:other; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:1 135135232 16 0 262144 0;} @font-face {font-family:"\@SimSun"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-charset:134; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-format:other; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:1 135135232 16 0 262144 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:70.85pt 70.85pt 70.85pt 70.85pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --><p>Magnetiskresonanstomografi, MRI, är en användbar teknik inom flera områden, i denna uppsats ligger fokus på användning inom medicin. Fysiken som ligger bakom MRI presenteras, som t ex uppdelning av energinivåer och kärnmagnetiskresonans. Uppbyggnad och tekniken som ligger bakom MRI har även studeras. Sedan har det gjorts jämförelse mellan MRI, röntgen och datortomografi.</p><p> </p><p>Utöver litteraturstudierna har simulering gjorts. I denna del har en modell för hjärnan byggts i programmet Comsol Multiphysics. I denna modell har studier av energiöverföringen, magnetiska fältet och elektriska fältet gjorts. Modellen har lösts både som stationärt problem och som tidsberoende. För energiöverföringen som redovisas som tidsmedelvärdet ser resultaten liknade ut för det stationära fallet som för de tidsberoende fallen, dock om man inte ser på tidsmedelvärdet utan energiöverföring under hela tiden så kan man dra slutsatsen att det stationära fallet är det mest kritiska.</p></p> / <p><!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:SimSun; panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1; mso-font-alt:宋体; mso-font-charset:134; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-format:other; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:1 135135232 16 0 262144 0;} @font-face {font-family:"\@SimSun"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-charset:134; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-format:other; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:1 135135232 16 0 262144 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:70.85pt 70.85pt 70.85pt 70.85pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --><p>Magnetic resonance imaging, MRI, is a useful technical method in many different areas; in this report lies focus on uses in medicine. MRI has been studied from a physical meaning, such as nuclear magnetic resonance, NMR, and spin splitting. A technical perspective of MRI has been studied, such as how MRI is built-up and technical details. MRI has been compared with Computed Tomography, CT, and X-rays.</p><p> </p>In addition to the theoretical studies, have simulations using the programme Comsol Multiphysics been done. One model has been built up to simulate MRI influences on the brain. The energy transfer, magnetic field and electric field have been studied. The model has been solved both as stationary and as time dependent problem. In the solution can a small difference be noticed which depend on that the results show the time average. If one studies the real solution, not the time average, can one conclusion rather quickly been drawn that the stationary solution have the highest transferred energy.</p>

<!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:SimSun; panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1; mso-font-alt:宋体; mso-font-charset:134; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-format:other; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:1 135135232 16 0 262144 0;} @font-face {font-family:"\@SimSun"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-charset:134; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-format:other; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:1 135135232 16 0 262144 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:70.85pt 70.85pt 70.85pt 70.85pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} -->Magnetiskresonanstomografi, MRI, är en användbar teknik inom flera områden, i denna uppsats ligger fokus på användning inom medicin. Fysiken som ligger bakom MRI presenteras, som t ex uppdelning av energinivåer och kärnmagnetiskresonans. Uppbyggnad och tekniken som ligger bakom MRI har även studeras. Sedan har det gjorts jämförelse mellan MRI, röntgen och datortomografi.   Utöver litteraturstudierna har simulering gjorts. I denna del har en modell för hjärnan byggts i programmet Comsol Multiphysics. I denna modell har studier av energiöverföringen, magnetiska fältet och elektriska fältet gjorts. Modellen har lösts både som stationärt problem och som tidsberoende. För energiöverföringen som redovisas som tidsmedelvärdet ser resultaten liknade ut för det stationära fallet som för de tidsberoende fallen, dock om man inte ser på tidsmedelvärdet utan energiöverföring under hela tiden så kan man dra slutsatsen att det stationära fallet är det mest kritiska. / <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:SimSun; panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1; mso-font-alt:宋体; mso-font-charset:134; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-format:other; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:1 135135232 16 0 262144 0;} @font-face {font-family:"\@SimSun"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-charset:134; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-format:other; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:1 135135232 16 0 262144 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:70.85pt 70.85pt 70.85pt 70.85pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} -->Magnetic resonance imaging, MRI, is a useful technical method in many different areas; in this report lies focus on uses in medicine. MRI has been studied from a physical meaning, such as nuclear magnetic resonance, NMR, and spin splitting. A technical perspective of MRI has been studied, such as how MRI is built-up and technical details. MRI has been compared with Computed Tomography, CT, and X-rays.   In addition to the theoretical studies, have simulations using the programme Comsol Multiphysics been done. One model has been built up to simulate MRI influences on the brain. The energy transfer, magnetic field and electric field have been studied. The model has been solved both as stationary and as time dependent problem. In the solution can a small difference be noticed which depend on that the results show the time average. If one studies the real solution, not the time average, can one conclusion rather quickly been drawn that the stationary solution have the highest transferred energy.

Microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) is an experimental form of radiation treatment which causes less damage to normal tissue in comparison with customary broad-beam radiation treatment. In this method the synchrotron generated X-ray beam is passed through a multislit collimator and applied to the tumor in the form of an array of planar microbeams. MRT dosimetry is an extremely challenging task and no current detector can provide the required wide dynamic rang and high spatial resolution. In this thesis, fluorophosphate (FP) and fluoroaluminate (FA) glass plates doped with trivalent samarium (Sm3+) are characterized towards developing a potential X-ray detector suitable for MRT dosimetry. The detection is based on the difference in the photoluminescence signatures of Sm3+ ions and Sm2+ ions; the latter are formed under X-ray irradiation. This valency conversion is accompanied by the formation of defects including hole centers (HCs) and electron centers (ECs) in the glass structure which absorb light in the UV and visible regions (induced absorbance). Both FP and FA glasses show promising dynamic range for MRT and may be used as a linear sensor up to ~150 Gy and as a nonlinear sensor up to ∼2400 Gy, where saturation is reached. X-ray induced defects saturate at the same dose. The optimum doping concentration is in the 0.001˗ 0.2 at.% range. Doping with higher concentrations will decrease the conversion efficiency. The glass plates also show a very promising spatial resolution (as high as a few microns) for recording the dose profile of microbeams which is readout using a confocal fluorescence microscopy technique. These plates are restorable as well and the response is reproducible. The effects of previous X-ray exposure including samarium valency conversion as well as induced absorbance may be erased by annealing at temperatures exceeding the glass transition temperature Tg while annealing at TA < Tg enhances the response. This enhancement is explained by a thermally stimulated relaxation of host glass ionic matrix surrounding X-ray induced Sm2+ ions. Optical erasure is another practical means to erase the recorded data. Nearly complete Sm2+ to Sm3+ reconversion (erasure) is achieved by intense optical illumination at 405 nm. While, existing X-ray induced bands would be only partially erased. Electron spin resonance (ESR) and optical absorbance spectroscopy are used to investigate the nature of X-ray induced defects and their correlation with Sm valency conversion. A model based on competition between defect center formation and the Sm3+ ⇆ Sm2+ conversion successfully explains the different processes occurring in the glass matrix under X-ray irradiation.