No description available.

Disorders of ATP synthase, the key enzyme of mitochondrial energy provision belong to the most severe metabolic diseases presenting mostly as early-onset mitochondrial encephalo-cardio-myopathies. Mutations in four nuclear genes can result in isolated deficiency of ATP synthase, all sharing a similar biochemical phenotype - pronounced decrease in the content of fully assembled and functional ATP synthase complex. The thesis summarises studies on two distinct causes of ATP synthase deficiency. First is TMEM70 protein, a novel ancillary factor of ATP synthase, which represents most frequent determinant of severe inborn deficiency of ATP synthase. TMEM70 is a 21 kDa protein of the inner mitochondrial membrane, facilitating the biogenesis of mitochondrial ATP synthase, possibly through TMEM70 protein region exposed to the mitochondrial matrix, but the proper regulatory mechanism remains to be elucidated. In TMEM70-lacking patient fibroblasts the low content of ATP synthase induces compensatory adaptive upregulation of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes III and IV, interestingly by a posttranscriptional mechanisms. The second type of ATP synthase deficiency studied was mtDNA m.9205delTA mutation affecting maturation of MT-ATP8/MT-ATP6/MT-CO3 mRNA and thus biosynthesis of Atp6 (subunit a) and Cox3...

In this project, we have investigated how to perform rule-based machine translation of sets of keywords between two languages. The goal was to translate an input set, which contains one or more keywords in a source language, to a corresponding set of keywords, with the same number of elements, in the target language. However, some words in the source language may have several senses and may be translated to several, or no, words in the target language. If ambiguous translations occur, the best translation of the keyword should be chosen with respect to the context. In traditional machine translation, a word's context is determined by a phrase or sentences where the word occurs. In this project, the set of keywords represents the context. By investigating traditional approaches to machine translation (MT), we designed and described models for the specific purpose of keyword- translation. We have proposed a solution, based on direct translation for translating keywords between English and Swedish. In the proposed solu- tion, we also introduced a simple graph-based model for solving ambigu- ous translations. / I detta projekt har vi undersökt hur man utför regelbaserad maskinöver- sättning av nyckelord mellan två språk. Målet var att översätta en given mängd med ett eller flera nyckelord på ett källspråk till en motsvarande, lika stor mängd nyckelord på målspråket. Vissa ord i källspråket kan dock ha flera betydelser och kan översättas till flera, eller inga, ord på målsprå- ket. Om tvetydiga översättningar uppstår ska nyckelordets bästa över- sättning väljas med hänsyn till sammanhanget. I traditionell maskinö- versättning bestäms ett ords sammanhang av frasen eller meningen som det befinner sig i. I det här projektet representerar den givna mängden nyckelord sammanhanget. Genom att undersöka traditionella tillvägagångssätt för maskinöversätt- ning har vi designat och beskrivit modeller specifikt för översättning av nyckelord. Vi har presenterat en direkt maskinöversättningslösning av nyckelord mellan engelska och svenska där vi introducerat en enkel graf- baserad modell för tvetydiga översättningar.

Disorders of ATP synthase, the key enzyme of mitochondrial energy provision belong to the most severe metabolic diseases presenting mostly as early-onset mitochondrial encephalo-cardio-myopathies. Mutations in four nuclear genes can result in isolated deficiency of ATP synthase, all sharing a similar biochemical phenotype - pronounced decrease in the content of fully assembled and functional ATP synthase complex. The thesis summarises studies on two distinct causes of ATP synthase deficiency. First is TMEM70 protein, a novel ancillary factor of ATP synthase, which represents most frequent determinant of severe inborn deficiency of ATP synthase. TMEM70 is a 21 kDa protein of the inner mitochondrial membrane, facilitating the biogenesis of mitochondrial ATP synthase, possibly through TMEM70 protein region exposed to the mitochondrial matrix, but the proper regulatory mechanism remains to be elucidated. In TMEM70-lacking patient fibroblasts the low content of ATP synthase induces compensatory adaptive upregulation of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes III and IV, interestingly by a posttranscriptional mechanisms. The second type of ATP synthase deficiency studied was mtDNA m.9205delTA mutation affecting maturation of MT-ATP8/MT-ATP6/MT-CO3 mRNA and thus biosynthesis of Atp6 (subunit a) and Cox3...

No description available.

Die vorliegende qualitative Forschungsarbeit leistet mittels zweier empirischer Untersu-chungen einen Beitrag im Forschungsfeld von betrieblichem Gesundheitsmanagement (BGM) vor dem Hintergrund eines verbesserten Schutzes vor gesundheitsbedingtem Aus-scheiden von Arbeitnehmern. Zielstellung ist zum einen die Entwicklung eines betrieblichen Frühaufklärungssystems, das wie ein wissensbasiertes lernendes System fortlaufend Informa-tionen und Trends zur Verbesserung des Arbeits- und Gesundheitsschutzes (AUG), der Be-trieblichen Gesundheitsförderung (BGF) und des Betrieblichen Eingliederungsmanagements (BEM) durch interne und externe Beobachtungsbereiche erfasst, auswertet und Vorschläge für notwendige Anpassungen oder inkrementelle Innovationen bereitstellt. Zum anderen wird das „(integrative) Coaching“ in einer vergleichenden Fallstudie auf seine Wirkfaktoren hin analysiert; beim integrativen Coaching handelt es sich um ein Beratungsangebot, das auf Grundlage der regulären Beratung im Betrieblichen Eingliederungsmanagement entwickelt wurde. / With the help of two empirical studies, the present study contributes in the research field of occupational health management (BGM) against the background of improved protection against health-related retirement of employees. The objective is, on the one hand, the devel-opment of a company early education system that, like a knowledge-based learning system, continuously provides information and trends to improve occupational safety (AUG), com-pany health promotion (BGF) and company integration management (BEM) through internal and external monitoring areas records, evaluates and provides suggestions for necessary ad-justments or incremental innovations. On the other hand, the “integrative coaching” as a consulting offer based on the “standardized help planning in the BEM” is analyzed in a com-parative case study against the background of the effective factors of coaching.

[ES] El procesamiento del lenguaje natural (NLP) es un conjunto de problemas computacionales con aplicaciones de máxima relevancia, que junto con otras tecnologías informáticas se ha beneficiado de la revolución que ha significado el aprendizaje profundo. Esta tesis se centra en dos problemas fundamentales para el NLP: la traducción automática (MT) y el reconocimiento automático del habla o transcripción automática (ASR); así como en una arquitectura neuronal profunda, el Transformer, que pondremos en práctica para mejorar las soluciones de MT y ASR en algunas de sus aplicaciones. El ASR y MT pueden servir para obtener textos multilingües de alta calidad a un coste razonable para una diversidad de contenidos audiovisuales. Concre- tamente, esta tesis aborda problemas como el de traducción de noticias o el de subtitulación automática de televisión. El ASR y MT también se pueden com- binar entre sí, generando automáticamente subtítulos traducidos, o con otras soluciones de NLP: resumen de textos para producir resúmenes de discursos, o síntesis del habla para crear doblajes automáticos. Estas aplicaciones quedan fuera del alcance de esta tesis pero pueden aprovechar las contribuciones que contiene, en la meduda que ayudan a mejorar el rendimiento de los sistemas automáticos de los que dependen. Esta tesis contiene una aplicación de la arquitectura Transformer al MT tal y como fue concebida, mediante la que obtenemos resultados de primer nivel en traducción de lenguas semejantes. En capítulos subsecuentes, esta tesis aborda la adaptación del Transformer como modelo de lenguaje para sistemas híbri- dos de ASR en vivo. Posteriormente, describe la aplicación de este tipus de sistemas al caso de uso de subtitulación de televisión, participando en una com- petición pública de RTVE donde obtenemos la primera posición con un marge importante. También demostramos que la mejora se debe principalmenta a la tecnología desarrollada y no tanto a la parte de los datos. / [CA] El processament del llenguage natural (NLP) és un conjunt de problemes com- putacionals amb aplicacions de màxima rellevància, que juntament amb al- tres tecnologies informàtiques s'ha beneficiat de la revolució que ha significat l'impacte de l'aprenentatge profund. Aquesta tesi se centra en dos problemes fonamentals per al NLP: la traducció automàtica (MT) i el reconeixement automàtic de la parla o transcripció automàtica (ASR); així com en una ar- quitectura neuronal profunda, el Transformer, que posarem en pràctica per a millorar les solucions de MT i ASR en algunes de les seues aplicacions. l'ASR i MT poden servir per obtindre textos multilingües d'alta qualitat a un cost raonable per a un gran ventall de continguts audiovisuals. Concretament, aquesta tesi aborda problemes com el de traducció de notícies o el de subtitu- lació automàtica de televisió. l'ASR i MT també es poden combinar entre ells, generant automàticament subtítols traduïts, o amb altres solucions de NLP: amb resum de textos per produir resums de discursos, o amb síntesi de la parla per crear doblatges automàtics. Aquestes altres aplicacions es troben fora de l'abast d'aquesta tesi però poden aprofitar les contribucions que conté, en la mesura que ajuden a millorar els resultats dels sistemes automàtics dels quals depenen. Aquesta tesi conté una aplicació de l'arquitectura Transformer al MT tal com va ser concebuda, mitjançant la qual obtenim resultats de primer nivell en traducció de llengües semblants. En capítols subseqüents, aquesta tesi aborda l'adaptació del Transformer com a model de llenguatge per a sistemes híbrids d'ASR en viu. Posteriorment, descriu l'aplicació d'aquest tipus de sistemes al cas d'ús de subtitulació de continguts televisius, participant en una competició pública de RTVE on obtenim la primera posició amb un marge significant. També demostrem que la millora es deu principalment a la tecnologia desen- volupada i no tant a la part de les dades / [EN] Natural language processing (NLP) is a set of fundamental computing prob- lems with immense applicability, as language is the natural communication vehicle for people. NLP, along with many other computer technologies, has been revolutionized in recent years by the impact of deep learning. This thesis is centered around two keystone problems for NLP: machine translation (MT) and automatic speech recognition (ASR); and a common deep neural architec- ture, the Transformer, that is leveraged to improve the technical solutions for some MT and ASR applications. ASR and MT can be utilized to produce cost-effective, high-quality multilin- gual texts for a wide array of media. Particular applications pursued in this thesis are that of news translation or that of automatic live captioning of tele- vision broadcasts. ASR and MT can also be combined with each other, for instance generating automatic translated subtitles from audio, or augmented with other NLP solutions: text summarization to produce a summary of a speech, or speech synthesis to create an automatic translated dubbing, for in- stance. These other applications fall out of the scope of this thesis, but can profit from the contributions that it contains, as they help to improve the performance of the automatic systems on which they depend. This thesis contains an application of the Transformer architecture to MT as it was originally conceived, achieving state-of-the-art results in similar language translation. In successive chapters, this thesis covers the adaptation of the Transformer as a language model for streaming hybrid ASR systems. After- wards, it describes how we applied the developed technology for a specific use case in television captioning by participating in a competitive challenge and achieving the first position by a large margin. We also show that the gains came mostly from the improvement in technology capabilities over two years including that of the Transformer language model adapted for streaming, and the data component was minor. / Baquero Arnal, P. (2023). Transformer Models for Machine Translation and Streaming Automatic Speech Recognition [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/193680

Abstract Melatonin is an important modulator of several physiological and behavioural processes, and it influences the function of many different tissues. Melatonin has effective antioxidative properties, but some of its actions in mammals are also mediated through the MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptors. Antioxidative properties are seen especially when the melatonin concentration is high (≥ nM), and melatonin's affinity for its receptors appears at lower concentrations (pM). Recently, the involvement of melatonin in protecting the heart against cardiac diseases, including myocardial infarction (MI), has been brought out. MI alters the structure and function of myocardium, attenuating for example cardiac contractility by affecting the amount and function of the essential Ca2+ handling proteins, dihydropyridine receptor (DHPR), ryanodine receptor (RyR2) and sarco-endoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+-ATPase2 (SERCA2). MI also evokes many adaptive responses in organisms, such as elevated production of atrial and brain natriuretic peptides (ANP and BNP). In this thesis, the expression of MT1 and MT2 receptor mRNAs was investigated in several rat tissues. Furthermore, the effect of MI and exogenous melatonin on the rat endogenous melatonin and on the expression of cardiac MT1, MT2, DHPR, RyR2 and SERCA2 proteins was evaluated. The concentrations of ANP and BNP were also measured after post-MI melatonin administration. The results show the expression of MT1 and/or MT2 receptor mRNAs in the hypothalamus, retina, small intestine, liver and heart, which indicates that at least some effects of melatonin could be mediated through the receptors in these tissues. Melatonin synthesis in the pineal gland increased rapidly in response to MI, supporting an important role of endogenous melatonin in protecting the heart after MI. Furthermore, exogenous melatonin altered the mRNA expression of DHPR, RyR2 and SERCA2 after MI, suggesting that melatonin might contribute to the post-infarction cardiac contractile function. The results also revealed a novel, positive relationship between melatonin and ANP, and thereby bring out one more possible way of melatonin to protect the heart against MI-induced injuries. Taken together, the present thesis (i) supports the notion that melatonin is an important endogenous protective agent of the organism, and (ii) extends our knowledge of melatonin's post-infarction cardioprotective actions. / Tiivistelmä Melatoniini osallistuu monien fysiologisten toimintojen ja käyttäytymisen säätelyyn sekä vaikuttaa useiden eri kudosten toimintaan. Melatoniini on tehokas antioksidantti, mutta jotkut sen vaikutuksista välittyvät myös MT1 ja MT2 melatoniini reseptorien kautta. Antioksidatiiviset vaikutukset tulevat esiin erityisesti silloin, kun melatoniinin pitoisuus on korkea (≥ nM). Alhaisemmilla pitoisuuksilla (pM) on puolestaan havaittavissa melatoniinin sitoutuminen reseptoreihinsa. Viime aikoina on tullut esille melatoniinin mahdollinen suojavaikutus sydänsairauksia, kuten sydäninfarkteja, vastaan. Sydäninfarkti muuttaa sydänlihaksen rakennetta ja toimintaa esimerkiksi vaikuttamalla supistuksen kannalta välttämättömien proteiinien, dihydropyridiini reseptorin (DHPR), ryanodiini reseptorin (RyR2) ja sarko-endoplasmakalvoston Ca2+-ATPaasi2:n (SERCA2) lukumääriin ja toimintaan, ja sitä kautta muun muassa heikentää sydämen supistuvuutta. Sydäninfarkti laukaisee elimistössä myös monia adaptiivisia vasteita, kuten eteispeptidin (ANP) ja aivojen natriureettisen peptidin (BNP) lisääntyneen erityksen. Tässä väitöstyössä tutkittiin MT1 ja MT2 reseptorien mRNAn ilmentymistä useissa rotan eri kudoksissa. Lisäksi tutkittiin sydäninfarktin ja eksogeenisen melatoniinin vaikutuksia rotan endogeeniseen melatoniiniin sekä sydämen MT1, MT2, DHPR, RyR2 ja SERCA2 proteiinien ekspressioon. Myös ANP ja BNP pitoisuudet mitattiin. Tulokset osoittivat MT1 ja/tai MT2 reseptori mRNAn ilmentymisen hypotalamuksessa, silmän verkkokalvolla, ohutsuolessa, maksassa ja sydämessä, minkä perusteella ainakin osa melatoniinin vaikutuksista saattaisi olla reseptorivälitteisiä näissä kudoksissa. Tulosten mukaan käpyrauhasen melatoniinisynteesi lisääntyi nopeasti sydäninfarktin jälkeen, mikä tukee käsitystä endogeenisen melatoniinin tärkeästä roolista infarktin jälkeisessä sydämen suojauksessa. Lisäksi eksogeeninen melatoniini muutti DHPR:n, RyR2:n ja SERCA2:n mRNA ekspressiota infarktin jälkeen, mikä voisi merkitä, että melatoniini saattaa vaikuttaa infarktin jälkeiseen sydämen supistuvuuteen. Tulosten osoittama positiivinen riippuvuus melatoniinin ja ANP:n välillä tuo puolestaan esille yhden uuden mahdollisen keinon, jonka kautta melatoniini voisi suojata sydäntä infarktin aiheuttamia vaurioita vastaan. Yhteenvetona voidaan todeta, että tämä väitöstyö (i) tukee käsitystä, että endogeenisella melatoniinilla on tärkeä merkitys elimistön suojaamisessa, ja (ii) laajentaa tietämystämme infarktin jälkeisistä melatoniinin sydäntä suojaavista vaikutuksista.

There is no consensus regarding the interpretation of the "Spirit like a dove" comparison in Jesus' baptism (Mk 1:10). Although scholars have proposed at least fifty different interpretations of the dove comparison, no study appears to have considered Isaiah's three dove texts as the background for the Markan dove (cf. Is 38:14; 59:11; 60:8). This neglect is surprising considering the abundance of Isaianic allusions in Mark's Prologue (Mk 1:1-15), and the growing awareness that Isaiah is the hermeneutical key for both the Markan Prologue and Jesus' baptism within it. Indeed, Mark connects the dove image inseparably to the Spirit's "descent" from heaven, which alludes to Yahweh's descent in a New Exodus deliverance in Isaiah 63:19 [MT]. Furthermore, each Isaianic dove text uses the same simile, "like a dove" or "like doves," which appears in Mark 1:10, and shares the theme of lament and restoration which fits the context of Mark's baptism account. This study therefore argues that the dove image in Mark 1:10 is a symbol which evokes metonymically Isaiah's three dove texts. So the Spirit is "like a dove" not because any quality of the Spirit resembles that of a dove, but because the dove recalls the Isaianic theme of lament and restoration associated with doves in this Scriptural tradition. After discussing the Markan dove in terms of simile, symbol, and metonymy, the study examines the Isaianic dove texts in the MT and LXX and argues that they form a single motif. Next, later Jewish references to the Isaianic dove texts are considered, while an Appendix examines further dove references in Jewish and Greco-Roman literature. Finally, the study argues that the Markan dove coheres in function with the Isaianic dove motif and symbolizes the Spirit's effect upon and through Jesus by evoking metonymically the Isaianic dove texts.

O presente trabalho apresenta o conceito de portal urbano rodoviário como a porta de entrada de uma cidade. Analisa portais de seis cidades: Londrina (PR), Jaú (SP), Vitória (ES), Brasília (DF), Cuiabá (MT), e Goiânia (GO), projetados por arquitetos de renome, como Vilanova Artigas, Carlos Maximiliano Fayet, Lucio Costa e Paulo Mendes da Rocha, sua importância para o desenvolvimento da cidade em que se encontra e sua possível descaracterização, pois estudos a respeito dessa apropriação espacial nas edificações públicas projetadas com o cuidado de fornecer ambientes agradáveis ao usuário, merecem destaque entre as publicações da área de arquiteturae urbanismo. Essas análises têm início à luz de um contexto histórico sociocultural em que se ergueram tais portais, no glamour do modernismo e influências das escolas paulista e carioca, envolvendo questões de tipologia entre outras, evoluindo para a realidade atual, na qual algumas edificações se encontram em funcionamento, de acordo com a atividade proposta ainda em projeto, sem deixar de levar em consideração a recente possibilidade de transformação do espaço oferecido por esses edifícios, em razão da ocupação de um centro de lojas e lanchonetes. / The present work introduces the concept of an urban road gate as the main entrance of a city. Therefore, it analyses the gates present in six cities: Londrina(PR), Jaú (SP), Vitória (ES), Brasília (DF), Cuiabá (MT), and Goiânia (GO) which all of them have been designed by famous architects, such as: Vilanova Artigas, Carlos Maximiliano Fayet, Lucio Costa e Paulo Mendes da Rocha. The present study, analyses the importance of the gates to the development of the city in which it was built and its possible mischaracterizing, once it is important that studies are carried regarding the present usage of this typology of building, which was conceived with the purpose of providing pleasurable public spaces to the general population and due to that, these gates deserve distinction among the publications about architecture and urbanism. The studies about the gates start with the understanding of the social cultural context in which they were designed and built, the glamour of modernism and the influences of the architectural production of Rio de Janeiro (RJ) and São Paulo (SP) concerning subjects as typology and others, evolving until the actual situation, where some of the buildings still working and functioning, following the activities proposed in the original design, as well as the recent possibility of transformation of these spaces, due to the creation of a commercial center and food chains.