With the advent of the Municipal Management Finance Management Act, (Act 56 of 2003), working capital issues have been legislatively forced onto managers’ daily agenda. Municipal finance officials have been given a clear mandate to focus greater attention on issues such as debt and cash management and stricter policies relating to short term credit financing. The MFMA allows for the unlocking of the fiscal powers of a municipality to generate its own income. Research objectivesThisresearch is intended as a pilot study that argues greater focus on and improvement of, working capital procedures would assist a municipality to exploit this fiscal capacity. Other objectives include: - Generate greater interest in this topic amongst researchers. - Identify factors that limit the implementing good working capital policy. - Identify factors the affect the income earning ability of municipalities. - Identify possible best practices benchmarking.

Mesmo com os incentivos dos governos federal e estadual para desenvolvimento de Sistemas Municipais de Meio Ambiente (SISMUMA), buscando a descentralização da gestão ambiental, estes nem sempre estão estruturados com equipamentos, pessoal e orçamento suficientes para a formulação e implementação de suas políticas públicas ambientais. Desta forma, torna-se necessário desenvolver alternativas para enfrentar estas fragilidades de maneira a melhorar a efetividade da gestão ambiental nos municípios e consequentemente fortalecer todo o Sistema Nacional de Meio Ambiente (SISNAMA). Em aplicações para gestão pública local, a construção de cenários, uma ferramenta utilizada nas diversas escalas de planejamento com o objetivo de auxiliar a tomada de decisão por meio do exercício da visão de futuro, além de proporcionar a antecipação dos gestores, também amplia a participação da sociedade na tomada de decisão proporcionando um melhor balanceamento das escolhas, evitando decisões baseadas em apenas um grupo de interesse; um melhor conhecimento da realidade, e um tratamento mais adequado dos problemas ambientais. A partir das diversas contribuições proporcionadas pela ferramenta de cenários para a gestão pública apresentadas pela literatura, a presente pesquisa se propôs a analisar, a partir de um estudo de caso no município de Brotas-SP, como a ferramenta de cenários poderia contribuir para o fortalecimento da gestão ambiental municipal. A metodologia utilizada possui caráter exploratório e aplicado. Baseado na pesquisa-ação participante, desenvolve a interface teórica e prática existente na construção de cenários em conjunto com os atores envolvidos. A pesquisa realizada em Brotas mostrou que a ferramenta de cenários além de contribuir de diversas formas para o fortalecimento da gestão ambiental municipal, enfrentando direta ou indiretamente as fragilidades apresentadas pelo município. O processo de desenvolvimento de cenários em Brotas se mostrou tão importante quanto seu resultado, principalmente no que se refere ao espaço de discussão criado neste processo. / Even with the encouragement of the federal and state governments for development in the municipalities the Municipal Environment System, seeking the decentralization of environmental management, these are not always structured with equipment, personnel and budget sufficient for the formulation and implementation of environmental public policies. Thus, it becomes necessary to seek alternative ways to address these weaknesses in order to improve the effectiveness of environmental management in municipalities and consequently strengthen the whole national environmental system. In applications to local public management, scenario building, a tool used in the various scales of planning in order to assist the decision making process through the exercise of the vision of the future, in addition to providing the anticipation of managers, also increases the participation of society in decision-making by providing a better balance of choices, avoiding decisions based on just one interest group, a greater knowledge of reality, and a better treatment of the environmental problems. From the various contributions provided by the tool of scenarios for public management presented in the literature, this research aims to examine, from a case study in the city of Brotas-SP, how the tool of scenarios could contribute to the strengthening of municipal environmental management. The methodology was characterized as exploratory and applied. Based on participatory action research, the interface develops theoretical and practice in the construction of scenarios together with stakeholders. The survey showed that in Brotas the tool of scenarios besides contributing in various ways to the municipal environmental management, is also able to directly or indirectly address the weaknesses presented by the municipality. The process of developing scenarios in Brotas proved as important as its outcome, especially with regard to the opportunity for discussion created in this process.

Submitted by Mariana Dornelles Vargas (marianadv) on 2015-03-25T17:21:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PAR.pdf: 1294444 bytes, checksum: 3c09c6c94c4cdd7cb1d994bb4076bfc7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-25T17:21:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PAR.pdf: 1294444 bytes, checksum: 3c09c6c94c4cdd7cb1d994bb4076bfc7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A pesquisa tematiza uma estratégia de planejamento padronizada em nível federal, qual seja o PAR Plano de Ações Articuladas, que está vinculado com o Plano de Metas Compromisso Todos pela Educação, instituído pelo Decreto nº 6094 de 24 de abril de 2007. Os entes federados vinculam-se ao Compromisso por adesão voluntária, implicando a assunção da responsabilidade de promover melhoria nos índices de evolução do IDEB e redução das taxas de repetência, além de correção de fluxo distorção série/ idade. O objetivo principal deste estudo é problematizar o sentido de adesão ao Compromisso Todos Pela Educação e verificar as dificuldades enfrentadas pela gestão municipal no planejamento e na efetivação das ações do PAR. Como objetivos específicos, queremos verificar que ações deste planejamento foram implementadas ao longo do período de 2008 até 2011 nas Secretarias Municipais de Educação de São Leopoldo e Novo Hamburgo, no Rio Grande do Sul, com a finalidade de efetivar o PAR. O estudo qualitativo é sobre a situação de dois municípios da Região do Vale dos Sinos, escolhidos pelo critério de terem indicadores que se aproximam, verificados nos Indicadores Educacionais e Demográficos e Censo IBGE/2010, a fim de verificar as dificuldades enfrentadas pela gestão municipal no planejamento e na efetivação das ações do PAR. A metodologia utilizada envolve a análise documental, consultas à legislação, decretos e normas complementares pertinentes à implementação do PAR, bem como entrevistas semi estruturadas com os Dirigentes Municipais de Educação e responsáveis pelo seu monitoramento nos municípios. A análise segue as etapas que compõem o PAR: adesão, diagnóstico e Plano de Ações Articuladas. O estudo revela que os municípios em questão tiveram muitas dificuldades no processo de planejamento e na prática efetiva das ações do PAR. Este instrumento de planejamento estratégico e sistemático evidenciou complexidade em sua execução e centralização das ações por parte do Governo Federal. Evidenciou falta de entendimento e clareza do procedimento por parte dos gestores locais, que foram surpreendidos por um ponto cego ao submeter o diagnóstico ao MEC, por carência de assessoria técnica. As interveniências constatadas por este tipo de planejamento e temporalidades levaram a gestão municipal a não efetivação de processos participativos e democráticos. Demonstrou-se no contexto deste planejamento para as redes municipais a ausência de política educacional que compreendesse as singularidades, as especificidades de cada realidade local e que de fato viesse a acabar com os problemas educacionais dos municípios. Para finalizar o estudo, foi realizada uma síntese interpretativa articulando o PAR como política educacional, relacionando-o com o momento histórico-político atual. / The research thematizes a strategy of standardized planning at federal level, which is the PAR Plan of Articulated Actions, that is linked with the Plan of Goals Commitment Everybody for Education, established by the decree number 6094 from April 24, 2007. The federates are linked to the Commitment by "voluntary adherence", implying the assumption of the responsibility of promoting improvements in the rates of evolution of IDEB and reduction of taxes of repetition, beyond correction of flow strain grade/age. The main objective of this study is to problematize the sense of adherence to the Commitment Everybody for Education and verify the difficulties faced by the municipal management in the planning and in the accomplishment of PAC's actions. As specific objectives, we want to verify what actions of this panning were implemented during the period of 2008 until 2011 in the Municipal Departments of Education at São Leopoldo and Novo Hamburgo, in Rio Grande do SUL, in order to effective PAR. The qualitative study is about the situation of two cities of the Vale dos Sinos Region, chosen by the criterion of having indicators that get approximated, verified in the Demographical and Educational Indicators and Census IBGE/2010, in order to verify the difficulties faced by the municipal management in the planning and in the accomplishment of PAC's actions. The methodology used involves document analysis, consultations to the legislation, decrees and additional rules relevant to the implementation of PAR, as well as semi-structured interviews with the Municipal Leaders of Education and responsible by its monitoring in the cities. The analysis follows the steps that compose PAR: adherence, diagnosis and Plan of Articulated Actions. The study reveals that the cities here had a lot of difficulties in the process of planning in the effective practice of PAR's actions. This instrument of strategic and systematic planning showed complexity in its execution and centralization of the actions by the federal government. Showed lack of understanding and clarity of the procedure by the local managers, who were surprised by a blind point at submitting the diagnosis to MEC, by lack of technical advising. The interventions found by this kind of planning and temporalities led the municipal management to the non-accomplishment of participative and democratic processes. It was demonstrated in the context of this panning to the municipal networks the absence of educational policy that understands the singularities, the specifications of each local reality and that would really end the educational problems in the cities. To close the study, was made a interpretative syntheses articulating PAR as an educational policy, relating it with the current historical-political moment.

With the advent of the Municipal Management Finance Management Act, (Act 56 of 2003), working capital issues have been legislatively forced onto managers’ daily agenda. Municipal finance officials have been given a clear mandate to focus greater attention on issues such as debt and cash management and stricter policies relating to short term credit financing. The MFMA allows for the unlocking of the fiscal powers of a municipality to generate its own income. Research objectivesThisresearch is intended as a pilot study that argues greater focus on and improvement of, working capital procedures would assist a municipality to exploit this fiscal capacity. Other objectives include: - Generate greater interest in this topic amongst researchers. - Identify factors that limit the implementing good working capital policy. - Identify factors the affect the income earning ability of municipalities. - Identify possible best practices benchmarking.

nÃo hà / Esta dissertaÃÃo foi realizada com o objetivo de desenvolver um Ãndice de qualidade da gestÃo pÃblica municipal (IQGPM) que sirva de base para tomada de decisÃes pelos gestores pÃblicos, bem como orientaÃÃo aos ÃrgÃos de controle na definiÃÃo de prioridades na atividade de fiscalizaÃÃo. Para o estudo foram coletados dados dos sites do Instituto de Pesquisa EconÃmica e Aplicada (Ipea), da Secretaria do Tesouro Nacional (STN) e do Instituto de Pesquisa e EstratÃgia EconÃmica do Cearà (IPECE), sobre os quais foi aplicada a tÃcnica de anÃlise multivariada de dados, denominada de anÃlise de fatores. A utilizaÃÃo desta tÃcnica permitiu a reduÃÃo do nÃmero de variÃveis selecionadas e definiu os pesos de cada na composiÃÃo do Ãndice. O Ãndice proposto contempla indicadores das Ãreas da saÃde, educaÃÃo, trabalho e finanÃas pÃblicas, sendo que a educaÃÃo foi a Ãrea que apresentou maior impacto na composiÃÃo do Ãndice. Por fim, o IQGPM foi calculado para os municÃpios cearenses no perÃodo de 2009 a 2012. Os resultados permitiram a comparaÃÃo entre os municÃpios cearenses e podem ser utilizados para identificar os municÃpios que necessitam de maior atenÃÃo por parte dos ÃrgÃos fiscalizadores e os que podem ser utilizados como paradigma pelos demais municÃpios. / This dissertation was carried out in order to develop a quality municipal public management index (QMPMI) as a basis for decision-making by public managers, and guidance to regulatory agencies in setting priorities for inspection activities. For the study, data were collected from sites of Instituto de Pesquisa EconÃmica e aplicada (Ipea), da Secretaria do Tesouro Nacional (STN) e do Instituto de Pesquisa e EstratÃgia EconÃmica do Cearà (IPECE), on which was applied a multivariate data technique analysis, called factor analysis. This technique helped to reduce the number of variables and defined the weights of each set in the index. The proposed index includes indicators in the areas of health, education, employment and public finances, and that education was the area with the greater impact in the index. At the end, the QMPMI was calculated for the municipalities in Cearà in the period 2009 to 2012. The results allowed the comparison between Cearà municipalities and can be used to identify the municipalities that need more attention from regulatory agencies and that can be used as a model for other municipalities.

Food waste from grocery stores - An analysis of municipal management inSweden and a detailed study of the situation in Umeå municipality The objective of this thesis was to analyze the municipal management of food waste fromgrocery stores in Sweden in general and in Umeå municipality in particular. Furthermore theobjective was to account for the different waste treatment methods that can be used and toevaluate them from an environmental perspective. In order to analyze the municipalmanagement a survey was sent to all of the municipalities/municipal waste companies inSweden. A general comparison of treatment methods was carried out on the basis of ascientific review and a system analysis was performed in order to compare three differenttreatment alternatives for the food waste generated in grocery stores in Umeå. The surveyshowed that the legal definition of food waste from grocery stores is unclear and variesbetween municipalities. However, a majority of the municipalities that offer any kind ofsource separation include grocery stores in the offer. The packaged food waste is oftenincinerated even if source separation is available due to the difficulties with removingpackaging materials. Concerning treatment methods, the results show that composting is theenvironmentally least advantageous method for large-scale treatment of food waste.Incineration and anaerobic digestion are about equal in their environmental impact, but thelatter was found to be favorable in principle based on the fact that it, in theory, generates bothnutrient recycling and energy recovery. For the food waste generated in grocery stores inUmeå municipality, incineration at the Dåva power and heating plant was found to be thepreferable method rather than anaerobic digestion in Skellefteå and composting in Luleå.

Over the past months, newspapers and news bulletins are riddled by service delivery protests – to the extent that the President of the country acknowledges these protests. Many reasons were offered for the protests, but the main reason is cited as dissatisfaction with the level of basic services delivered by the municipalities. Questions were asked to obtain possible solutions to the problem. These challenges motivated the researcher to undertake a study to investigate the possible cause of poor delivery of service by municipalities to the communities. A possibility was to study and recommend a possible solution that would ensure that service is delivered on time, at the right price, at the right location and that quantity and quality meet the needs of the community. The system suitable to address this concern is demand management, the first element of the supply chain management system. The purpose of demand management is to ensure that the resources required to fulfil the needs identified during the strategic plan of the municipality, are delivered at the correct time, price and place, and that quantity and quality will satisfy the needs of the users. The research was conducted by means of a literature study and an empirical study. The literature study entails a literature discussion on three variables identified as crucial in achieving the objectives of the study, namely sustainability, demand management and change management. These variables form the basis of the evaluation of the factors which ensure that effectively used demand management results in sustainable service delivery. Delivering sustainable service will ensure that the service is delivered on time, at the right price, at the right location, and quality that meets the needs of the users. These variables were empirically tested in practise by means of a measurement instrument and subsequently evaluated. Based on the evaluation of the empirical study, the demographical data were analysed and concluded on. The reliability and internal consistence of the measurement instrument were determined by means of Cronbach Alpha coefficient. The results of the reliability test revealed that only change management’s Cronbach Alpha coefficient was less than the cut–off value of 0.7. Despite the results of change management’s Cronbach Alpha coefficient, the reliability of the other latent variables was found to be reliable and internally consistent. The variables were analysed and concluded upon by means of a descriptive statistical analysis, using frequency on the questionnaire responds. The arithmetic mean and standard deviation per construct was also calculated, using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). The relationship between the variables was also evaluated through determining the effect size and correlation of coefficient being calculated. Practical recommendations were suggested to address the weaknesses found during the evaluation of the questionnaires, in order to improve future continuity of both municipalities used as unit of measure. Recommendations of future research needed, were also made. / Thesis (MBA)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

Over the past months, newspapers and news bulletins are riddled by service delivery protests – to the extent that the President of the country acknowledges these protests. Many reasons were offered for the protests, but the main reason is cited as dissatisfaction with the level of basic services delivered by the municipalities. Questions were asked to obtain possible solutions to the problem. These challenges motivated the researcher to undertake a study to investigate the possible cause of poor delivery of service by municipalities to the communities. A possibility was to study and recommend a possible solution that would ensure that service is delivered on time, at the right price, at the right location and that quantity and quality meet the needs of the community. The system suitable to address this concern is demand management, the first element of the supply chain management system. The purpose of demand management is to ensure that the resources required to fulfil the needs identified during the strategic plan of the municipality, are delivered at the correct time, price and place, and that quantity and quality will satisfy the needs of the users. The research was conducted by means of a literature study and an empirical study. The literature study entails a literature discussion on three variables identified as crucial in achieving the objectives of the study, namely sustainability, demand management and change management. These variables form the basis of the evaluation of the factors which ensure that effectively used demand management results in sustainable service delivery. Delivering sustainable service will ensure that the service is delivered on time, at the right price, at the right location, and quality that meets the needs of the users. These variables were empirically tested in practise by means of a measurement instrument and subsequently evaluated. Based on the evaluation of the empirical study, the demographical data were analysed and concluded on. The reliability and internal consistence of the measurement instrument were determined by means of Cronbach Alpha coefficient. The results of the reliability test revealed that only change management’s Cronbach Alpha coefficient was less than the cut–off value of 0.7. Despite the results of change management’s Cronbach Alpha coefficient, the reliability of the other latent variables was found to be reliable and internally consistent. The variables were analysed and concluded upon by means of a descriptive statistical analysis, using frequency on the questionnaire responds. The arithmetic mean and standard deviation per construct was also calculated, using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). The relationship between the variables was also evaluated through determining the effect size and correlation of coefficient being calculated. Practical recommendations were suggested to address the weaknesses found during the evaluation of the questionnaires, in order to improve future continuity of both municipalities used as unit of measure. Recommendations of future research needed, were also made. / Thesis (MBA)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

O Brasil já acumula certa experiência em termos de planejamento urbano. Um expressivo número de cidades, de todos os portes, elabora planos e implementa ações que, de maneira explícita ou não, visam planejar a realidade urbana local. Entretanto, de uma parte, tais planos e ações apresentam enorme diversidade e, de outra, em cada um deles o planejamento urbano tem sido objeto de interpretações conceituais divergentes. Do ponto de vista da pesquisa, os problemas conceituais que envolvem a noção de planejamento urbano em nosso país, bem como a identificação e crítica das práticas a ele associadas, têm sido abordados quase sempre a partir do estudo de experiências realizadas em cidades grandes e médias. O foco deste trabalho é compreender como esta problemática se apresenta em pequenas cidades, através da análise da experiência de quadro municipalidades do sul do Brasil, localizadas na região do Vale do Jaguari. / The theme of this dissertation is the practice of planning in small towns. Brazil has accumulated some experience in terms of urban planning. A significant number of cities, large, medium or small, develops and implements action plans that, explicitly or not, are to local urban planning reality. However, it appears that such plans and actions are diverse, and also that the very notion of urban planning has been subject to different conceptual interpretations. The conceptual problems surrounding the notion of urban planning in our country, as well as the identification and critique of the practices associated with it, have been approached mainly from the study of experiences in large and medium cities. The focus of this work is to understand how this problem arises in our small towns.

Submitted by Tatiana Lima (tatianasl@ufba.br) on 2015-12-16T18:19:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Santos, Elisama Carvalho dos.pdf: 1533257 bytes, checksum: 9f6a8c2fddcea6057a48d0040e8016bc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Tatiana Lima (tatianasl@ufba.br) on 2015-12-16T18:38:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Santos, Elisama Carvalho dos.pdf: 1533257 bytes, checksum: 9f6a8c2fddcea6057a48d0040e8016bc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-16T18:38:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santos, Elisama Carvalho dos.pdf: 1533257 bytes, checksum: 9f6a8c2fddcea6057a48d0040e8016bc (MD5) / O presente trabalho se propôs a estudar o exercício do controle social por meio do conhecimento do estado da arte das suas dimensões nos espaços dos Conselhos Gestores de Assistência Social, do Território de Identidade da Bacia do Rio Grande, Oeste da Bahia. O referido Território é composto por 14 municípios (Angical, Baianópolis, Barreiras, Buritirama, Catolândia, Cotegipe, Cristópolis, Formosa do Rio Preto, Luís Eduardo Magalhães, Mansidão, Riachão das Neves, Santa Rita de Cássia, São Desidério e Wanderley), sendo investigados, efetivamente, cinco municípios, por questões de acessibilidade a esses mecanismos e a seus membros. O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi o de mapear e discutir em que medida o controle social é exercido pelos conselhos gestores de assistência social nos municípios do Território da Bacia do Rio Grande, Bahia. Quanto ao referencial teórico, buscou-se suporte nos estudos acerca dos modelos de democracia deliberativa habermasiana e o de democracia participativa, conforme perspectiva dos autores brasileiros, para delimitar as dimensões do controle social (participação, transparência, deliberação, natureza, institucionalidade e aprendizagem), que são abordadas implicitamente pela literatura especializada e utilizadas de forma funcional no trabalho. O desenho de pesquisa adotado foi do tipo exploratório, de natureza qualitativa, caminhando em três diferentes e complementares frentes de trabalho: pesquisa bibliográfica sobre a temática do controle social, haja vista a necessidade de entender e diminuir o efeito polissêmico em torno de tal noção; análise dos dados referentes aos conselhos gestores municipais de assistência social, construídos pela Pesquisa MUNIC (2001-2013), do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), bem como pelo Censo SUAS (2011/2012), do Ministério do Desenvolvimento Social e Combate à Fome (MDS); e o levantamento, tratamento e análise de dados empíricos a partir das experiências dos conselhos gestores do referido Território. O público priorizado na pesquisa de campo foi o grupo dos representantes da sociedade civil, titulares ou suplentes, independentemente da ocupação de cargo no conselho. Foram realizadas 8 entrevistas no total, incluindo profissional vinculado à Comissão Intergestores Bipartite e à secretaria executiva do conselho municipal. Ainda, foram aplicados questionários semiestruturados, repassados a todos os municípios, por via eletrônica, em dois modelos: um direcionado ao Conselho em si, com um total de 5 respostas, e, outro, aos membros, com a obtenção de 12 respostas, do universo estimado de 112 titulares. Quanto aos resultados, pode-se afirmar que o controle no Território se encontra em processo de (re) construção, fato constatado nos discursos e documentos (leis, regimentos internos e atas). / This work intends to study the exercise of social control through the knowledge of the state of the art of its dimensions in the spaces of the Management Councils of Social Assistance, from the Territory of Identity of the watershed in Rio Grande, Western Bahia. This territory is compound by 14 municipalities (Angical, Baianópolis, Barreiras, Buritirama, Catolândia, Cotegipe, Cristópolis, Formosa do Rio Preto, Luís Eduardo Magalhães, Mansidão, Riachão das Neves, Santa Rita de Cássia, Sao Desidério and Wanderley), being investigated effectively, five municipalities, for reasons of accessibility to these mechanisms and its members. The main objective of this study was to map and discuss the extent to what extent the social control is exercised by the management councils of social assistance in the municipalities of the territory of the Rio Grande watershed, Bahia. As for the theoretical framework, we sought support in the studies on the Habermasian deliberative models of democracy and participatory democracy, according to the perspective of Brazilian authors to define the dimensions of social control (participation, transparency, deliberation, nature, institutional and learning), which are implicitly addressed by specialised literature and used in a functional way at work. The research design that was adopted was the exploratory, qualitative, heading in three different and complementary work areas: bibliographic research on the subject of social control, given the need to understand and reduce the polysemy effect around such a notion; analysis of data on municipal management councils of social assistance, built by MUNIC Research (2001-2013), the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) as well as by the Census SUAS (2011/2012) of the Ministry of Social Development and fight against Hunger (MDS); and the collection, processing and analysis of empirical data from the experiences of the management councils of the referred Territory. The public prioritised in the field research was the group of civil society representatives, effective and substitute, regardless of the position occupied on the council. It was conducted 8 interviews in total, including professional connected to the Bipartite ‘Intermanaging’ Commission and the executive secretary of the municipal council. Still, semi-structured questionnaires were applied, transferred electronically to all municipalities in two models: one directed to the Council itself, with a total of five answers, and, the second, to the members, obtaining 12 responses, in an estimated universe of 112 holders. As for the results, it can be said that the control in the Territory is in the process of re-construction, a fact confirmed by the speeches and documents (laws, bylaws and minutes).