<p>Musik är något som påverkar alla på ett eller annat sätt och har använts i terapeutiskt syfte sedan 1500 f. Kr. Även om den har en lång historia är den ändå inte allmänt vedertagen som en omvårdnadsåtgärd. Nästan varje dag möter sjuksköterskor patienter som i varierande grad upplever oro. Tidigare forskning visar att musik har inverkan på oro, men det är inte mycket beskrivet om sjuksköterskors erfarenhet av att använda musik som en komplementär omvårdnadsåtgärd vid oro och hur musiken påverkar sjuksköterskors arbetsmiljö. Syftet med studien var att beskriva sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att använda musik som komplementär behandling av oro och hur musiken inverkar på sjuksköterskors arbetsmiljö inom Dagkirurgi/Intensivvård. Datainsamlingen har skett genom intervjuer med nio sjuksköterskor. Intervjuerna spelades in, skrevs ut och analyserades utifrån principerna för en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Tre olika teman framkom: musikens inverkan på oro och välbefinnande, valet av musik och musikens inverkan på sjuksköterskornas arbetsmiljö. Resultatet visade att sjuksköterskornas erfarenhet av musik var att den hade en positiv inverkan på oro samt att den även påverkade arbetsmiljön positivt. Det visade sig också att patientens eget val av musik var något som ansågs viktigt då igenkännandet skapade en känsla av trygghet.</p> / <p>Music is something that affects every person one way or another and it has been used as therapy since 1500 B.C. Even though it has a long history it is still not a common nursing intervention. Almost everyday the nurses meet patients with different states of anxiety. Former research shows that music has effect on anxiety, but there is not much described about nurses’ experiences of using music in nursing and how it affects on their work environment. The aim of this study was to describe nurses’ experiences of using music as a complementary nursing intervention on patients’ anxiety and how music affect nurses’ work environment in Day surgery/Intensive Care Unit. Data collection was made through interviews with nine nurses. The interviews were audio recorded, written out and a qualitative content analysis was made of the text. Three different kinds of themes were seen: music’s effect on anxiety and wellbeing, choice of music and music’s effect on nurses’ work environment. The result shows that music is experienced as a positive nursing intervention and it also seems to affect the work environment in a positive direction. The patients own choice of music was important because it is familiar and creates a feeling of security.</p>

<p>Abstract</p><p>This essay examines which role functional oriented music therapy, which is supposed to help sensorimotor development, can have in schools and in health care. To find this out, research about what kinds of effects exercise can have on academic achievements and in recovery from brain injuries has been brought up. The research concerning academic achievements was conducted with school children; some children without difficulties, some with sensory integration problems, and some with motor skill difficulties. In addition to this, research about the brain structure superior colliculus, which lies behind sensory integration, is also brought up.</p><p>The results showed that children who were given more exercise had significantly better scores in academic skills than the children with normal academic education. Thus, it might be reasonable to practise functional oriented music therapy in schools, both as helping general development, but also for children with different types of difficulties.</p><p>The research concerning exercise and injuries has made clear that the adult brain can change via neurogenesis, plasticity and cortical reorganization. These three aspects are important when practicing a skill or when recovering from an injury. Exercise has been shown to affect these three aspects positively and can therefore also aid the recovery from injuries.</p><p>Thus, there seems to be many theoretical aspects supporting the FMT- method. However, the question is if the results of one treatment form can generalize over such a wide range of injuries and defects that the FMT –adepts usually have. It is therefore also discussed if further experiments on the FMT-method could help make it a more effective tool for rehabilitation.</p>

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is known as the second killer in Hong Kong. The Hong Kong Hospital Authority reported nearly 7000 patients suffered from acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in year 2010 to 2011. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is a minimal access surgical treatment for coronary artery disease but studies have shown that patients experienced different levels of anxiety before and during PTCA which led negative impact to the patients. Music can be regarded as a safe, cost-effective therapy to reduce one’s anxiety level. It can be carried out by nurses without any specific technique. However, there was no systemic review for using music therapy to patients undergoing PTCA. Therefore, this dissertation aims to evaluate the best available evidence on using music therapy for patients undergoing PTCA. Four electronic databases, Medline, CINAHL, Embase & PsycINFO, were searched for studies to investigate the efficacy of music therapy in patients undergoing PTCA. There were seven studies were eligible with data extracted and quality assessment performed by the critical appraisal skill programme (CASP) checklist. Four studies were graded as high quality, which consistently demonstrated a statistically significant more reduction in the anxiety level of patients who received music therapy either before and/or during PTCA than those who had no music therapy. Consequently, an evidence-based guideline of using music therapy for patients undergoing PTCA was developed according to the guideline development process of SIGN (2010). The use of music therapy is transferable and feasibly in the local setting with little manpower concern. The total cost estimated for running the innovation for a year was HKD 83,775 which was considered as cost-effective to reduce patients’ anxiety level and avoid associated adverse events. A 14-months programme including communication with the stakeholders, pilot testing, staff training and clinical application of the proposed music therapy was designed. Qualitative and quantitative data on patient, healthcare provider and system outcomes would be accounted throughout the programme. The effectiveness of the guideline would be determined by the reduction of patient’s anxiety level by using the Chinese version of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) (Shek, 1993). Moreover, healthcare provider outcome would be evaluated by questionnaire and the expenditure of the proposed music therapy would be monitored closely. / published_or_final_version / Nursing Studies / Master / Master of Nursing

published_or_final_version / Music / Master / Master of Philosophy

Nancy Hermiston is examining the links between music cognition and improved learning development through one of the most complicated art forms.

Muzikos terapija – tai paslauga klientui, bendradarbiavimas naudojant muziką, įvairias muzikines veiksenas bei susikuriančius tarpusavio ryšius, siekiant palaikyti pagyvenusių ir senų žmonių sveikatingumą ir gyvenimo kokybę. Darbo tikslas - muzikos terapijos metodų taikymo socialiniame darbe su pagyvenusiais ir senais žmonėmis tyrimas. Darbo uždaviniai – 1) atskleisti pagyvenusių ir senų žmonių problemas; 2) apžvelgti socialinio darbo ypatumus su pagyvenusiais ir senais žmonėmis; 3) išanalizuoti gerontologinės / geriatrinės muzikos terapijos taikymo praktiką; 4) ištirti pagyvenusių ir senų žmonių gyvenimo kokybės pokyčio tendencijas, taikant muzikos terapijos metodus socialinio darbo kontekste. Siekiant atskleisti muzikos terapijos metodų taikymo reikšmę pagyvenusių ir senų žmonių gyvenimo kokybei, buvo atlikta literatūros analizė ir empirinis tyrimas. Pasirinktas tyrimo metodas – aprašomasis kokybinis, kuriuo siekiama įvairiapusiškai pažinti ir aprašyti unikalią žmonių patirtį ir pamatyti tikroviškesnį vaizdą apie muzikos terapijos metodų taikymo galimybes socialiniame darbe su pagyvenusiais ir senais žmonėmis, siekiant geresnės gyvenimo kokybės. Duomenims rinkti naudotas pusiau struktūruoto interviu metodas. Tyrime dalyvavo 8 senelių globos namų gyventojai, kurie daugiau nei metus lanko muzikos terapijos užsiėmimus. Tyrimo analizės metu paaiškėjo, kad iš keturių pagrindinių muzikos terapijos metodų – dainavimo, muzikos komponavimo, muzikinės improvizacijos ir muzikos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Music therapy is a service for a customer, a communication by using music, different musical activities and created interactive contacts in order to maintain health and life quality of elderly people. The aim of this work is to research use of methods of musical therapy in social work with elderly people. The tasks of the work are: 1) to reveal problems of elderly people; 2) to review peculiarities of social work with elderly people; 3) to analyze the practice of the application of gerontologic/geriatric musical therapy; 4) to research the tendencies of changing of life quality of elderly people by using methods of music therapy in the context of social work. Seeking to show the meaning of application of music therapy for elderly people, the analysis of literature and the empiric research has been done. A chosen method of the research is a descriptive qualitative method. This method is used in order to know and to describe a unique experience of elderly people and to see a more realistic view of possibilities of using methods of music therapy in social work with elderly people. For the accumulation of data the structured interview method has been used. The eight members of a nursing home, who more then a year have been participating in music therapy, were involver in the research. During the research analysis it came clear that out of four methods of music therapy – singing, music composition, music improvisation and listening to the music – the singing is more adequate... [to full text]

Siekiant sėkmingai taikyti muzikos terapiją, joje naudojamas veiklas ir metodusbūtina kruopščiai parinkti ir pritaikyti klientų poreikiams. Tyrimas atskleidžia kurios muzikos terapijos veiklos tinka Gerantologijos centre gyvenantiems žmonėms. Darbo tikslas – parinkti neformaliai muzikos terapijai tinkamas muzikines veiklas, įvertinti jų tinkamumą pagyvenusiems žmonėms ir jas išbandyti praktikoje, tiriant jų efektyvumą konkrečioje situacijoje. Uždaviniai: 1) Apžvelgti mokslinę literatūrą, atskleidžiančią pagrindinius MT principus bei analogiškų tyrimų patirtį pasaulyje. 2) Išanalizuoti muzikos terapeutų rekomenduojamus metodus ir priemones. 3) Remiantis profesionalių muzikos terapeutų sukurtais ir taikytais metodais, pasiūlyti muzikines veiklas, naujus metodus ir pedagogines priemones tinkamas pagyvenusiems žmonėms. 4) Pagyvenusiems žmonėms taikyti įvairias rekomenduojamas muzikines veiklas ir tirti įvairius tos veiklos komponentus bei poveikius. Tyrimas pradėtas nuo literatūros šaltinių analizės. Išanalizuoti pasaulio mokslininkų atlikti muzikos terapijos tyrimo rezultatai, patvirtinantys muzikos terapijos veiksmingumą daugelio senatvinių ar pagyvenusiems žmonėms būdingų ligų gydymui. Tyrimų aprašymuose minimos pasiteisinusios muzikinės veiklos. Atlikto tyrimo apraše pateikiama tyrimo eiga, pristatomos tyrimo metu naujai sukurtos ir papildomai ištirtos muzikinės veiklos. Apibendrinus tyrėjo ir tyrimą stebėjusio medicininio personalo pastebėjimus nustatyta, kad Gerentologijos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / In order to apply music therapy successfully, it is necessary to carefully select and apply activities and methods to the needs of the patients. The research will reveal which musical therapy activities are appropriate to the elderly patients of Geriatric center. Study goal is to elect relevant music therapy activities for informal music therapy, to evaluate their suitability for elderly people and to try those activities in practice while studying their effectiveness in each situation. Tasks are: 1) To review scientific literature while revealing the main music therapy principles and analogical research experience in the world. 2) To analyse recomended methods and measures. 3) To offer music activities, new methods, and pedagogical measures for elderly people based on created and applyed methods by professional music therapists. 4) To apply various recomended activities for elderly people and to research different components and effects. The research was started by analysing scientific resources. Musical therapy results, presented by world scientists, were analysed and they confirm this music therapy effectiveness for the treatment of the majority deseases common for elderly population. Research focused on the most effective music therapies. The study described the research process and presented new and additionally developed musical therapies. Using date observed by researcher and medical staff it is confimed that for the patients in Geriatric Center the most effective... [to full text]

This essay presents a brief history of Music Therapy and describes the background, method and thinking behind Functionally-oriented Music Therapy – FMT. The essay includes two case studies describing my work with two clients during the last year of my training to become an FMT therapist. The topics explored are intrinsic (inner) motivation and self-esteem in the context of functional development in school children.  The research question for the essay is to discuss whether Functionally-oriented Music Therapy can assist school children to rediscover their inner motivation and increase their self-esteem.   FMT encourages brain activity through sensory stimulation, movement and play – without verbal instruction, critical evaluation or praise.  The FMT therapist meets the client with knowledge, understanding and unconditional acceptance of his/her present level of physical and mental function and with the intention of creating opportunities for development at every level.  I have found that the work and approach used in FMT can play a vital role in helping school children towards increased inner motivation and self-esteem.

This study investigated the relationship between frequency of musical activity participation, Sense of Coherence (SOC), and subjective report of health in older adults. From a sample of 197 older adults from Muncie and Anderson, Indiana, 129 (65.5%) individuals participated in this study. The participants completed an information sheet, the Musical Activity Participation Report, SOC, and Perceived Health questionnaires. Pearson r correlation coefficients found frequency of musical activity participation was not correlated with SOC but was correlated with subjective reports of health. A frequency table and chi-square analysis revealed that cohort and education were related to musical style preferences. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that musical activities enhanced perceived quality of life to a lesser degree than other activities. However, many participants commented on the positive impact of music on well-being. A one-way ANOVA and t-tests found gender and musical upbringing were related to frequency of musical activity participation. / Fisher Institute for Wellness

Behavioral competencies are important elements of school readiness and make up an important component in any preschool curriculum. In this study, music therapy was implemented in a Head Start preschool program as a behavioral intervention. Forty-five subjects received music therapy sessions in groups of six to ten children for 25 minutes, twice weekly. The first treatment group received music therapy intervention along with the regular curriculum for eight weeks while the other subjects participated in the regular curriculum only. The second eight weeks, the second treatment group received music therapy intervention along with the regular curriculum while the first group participated in the regular curriculum only. Head Start teachers used the Behavioral Objective Sequence to assess all students at the beginning, in the middle and at the end of the sixteen week period. Results indicated a significant increase in positive behavioral competencies associated with the music therapy intervention. Additionally, the music therapy intervention had a stronger impact on older students (ages five to six years) versus younger students (ages three to four years). / Department of Special Education