Music therapy is widely portrayed either as a paramedical practice within which music is a technology applied as a form of treatment or as a form of psychotherapy within which the music plays a primarily symbolic role or acts as a lead in to verbal consideration of the patient’s presenting issues. Music therapy research currently focuses predominantly on demonstrating “evidence of effectiveness” in terms of symptomatic outcome, thus preserving a focus on the individual congruent with the medical model. In contrast, this thesis seeks to examine ethnographically the ways in which music therapy gets accomplished as a situated social practice within a community mental health resource centre in a UK urban area. Drawing both on the observations and experiences of the researcher (a music therapist already working within this setting) and on formal and informal interviews with the centre’s members and staff, it seeks to identify ways in which music therapy gets done and value ascribed to it. Observations are compared with the “norms” portrayed by dominant professional discourse, and reasons for discrepancies considered. Particular attention is paid to self-awareness, intimacy and conviviality as facets of what music therapy has to offer in such a setting, and to social capital theory and Goffman’s dramaturgical approach as broader conceptual frameworks for such affordances. Consideration is also given to the “fit” between the affordances of music itself, and the “craft” required of diverse actors in order that music therapy can be considered to offer an ecology which promotes health and well-being. Finally, the findings are re-addressed towards music therapy itself via the lens of what it means to be “clinical” in order that a sociological “craft” perspective maybe brought to bear within the discipline.

Title: The use of music therapy for physically disabled Author: Bc. Jan Janyška Leading: Mgr. Barbara Valešová Malecová, Ph. D. Summary The thesis is trying to clarify the base of constantly developing discipline called music therapy, specifically music therapy for people with specific needs. In the introduction the psychological value of physical disability is mentioned with a focus on a cerebral palsy. The theoretical chapter is dealing with an impact of sound on a human body considering the music therapy. Practical part is focused on designing a music therapy plan which was subsequently applied in practice with physically disabled people. Key words Physical disability, cerebral palsy, sound, music, music therapy

The aim of this thesis was to explain therapeutic possibilities of sound in all its connections. Sound is described in relation to several disciplines. Initially, sound is presented as an acoustic and psychoacoustic phenomenon, followed by characterization of physiology of auditory system and findings from psychology of music. The focus of the thesis is anchored in the chapter dedicated to healing and corrective effects of sound - the music therapy. After short history context is presented, the characteristics and analysis of contemporary situation are discussed. Several types of sound - noise, music and sound of speech - are studied in their positive as well as negative influence on psychic and physical health of human. Current research is represented by selection of relevant papers (n=9) which are assessed by the criterion of credibility and rigidness of methodology. This aspect is also perceived as an essential one for the future research in the area of sound effect on human psychic and physical health.

This diploma thesis focuses on using music (primarily songs) in teaching English as a foreign language. The theoretical part deals with different aspects of the benefits of music. The first chapter covers the discipline of music therapy, it is followed by a chapter about Stephen Krashen's Affective Filter Hypothesis and subsequently about music and brain. Then there is a chapter about the role of motivation through music and the outline of possible criteria for choosing a good song. A chapter about different aspects of using songs: to teach grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation and culture close this part. The goal of the practical part is to provide examples of using songs in an English lesson. A short chapter is concerned with other activities connected to music. The practical part consists of two surveys: the first one is a survey of a textbook series and the second one deals with the results of a survey carried out at different types of schools. Key words: music therapy, motivation, song, exploitation of the song

A demência é uma síndrome que afeta a memória, comportamento e as atividades de vida diária, e é uma das maiores causas de dependência entre pessoas idosas. Muitas vezes, o principal cuidador do idoso com demência é o cônjuge, e este pode carregar um fardo significativo comprometendo também a qualidade da relação. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos do trabalho com canções em musicoterapia na relação conjugal de quatro casais, nos quais um dos cônjuges é diagnosticado com doença de Alzheimer em fase inicial ou moderada. O trabalho foi realizado no modelo de estudo de casos múltiplos, por se tratar de um tema pouco explorado, possibilitando um levantamento mais detalhado do processo. Foram aplicadas a Anamnese e a Ficha Musicoterapêutica para coletar informações iniciais, seguidas de 12 sessões de musicoterapia, uma vez por semana. Antes e ao fim das sessões foram aplicadas entrevistas com roteiro semiestruturado, e o conteúdo das entrevistas foi interpretado por meio da análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Também se avaliou, dentro da perspectiva do cuidador, a satisfação com as relações familiares e de amizade e a qualidade do relacionamento conjugal antes e depois da doença. Os resultados sugerem que as intervenções possibilitaram momentos prazerosos, com benefícios principalmente para o cuidador. Depoimentos indicaram que as intervenções ofereceram ferramentas para que o cuidador pudesse lidar melhor com os sintomas comportamentais do cônjuge com demência, beneficiando a qualidade da relação conjugal. Apesar do número limitado de participantes, espera-se contribuir com a reflexão acerca das possibilidades de cuidado e com diretrizes para a aplicação mais assertiva de estratégias dentro do contexto estudado / Dementia is a syndrome that affects memory, behavior and activities of daily living, and is one of the major causes of dependence among the elderly. Often the primary caregiver of the elderly with dementia is the spouse, which can carry a significant burden, also compromising the quality of their relationship. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of singing in music therapy on the marital relationship of four couples, in which one of the spouses is diagnosed with early or moderate Alzheimer\'s disease. The work was carried out as a multiple case study, being an unexplored topic, allowing for a more detailed survey of the process. Anamnesis and the Music Therapy data were applied to collect initial information, followed by 12 sessions of music therapy. Before and after the process, interviews with a semistructured script were applied and its content was interpreted through Bardin\'s content analysis. From the perspective of the caregiver, the satisfaction with family and friendship relationships and the quality of the conjugal relationship before and after the illness were also evaluated. The results suggest that the interventions allowed pleasant moments, with benefits mainly for the caregiver. Some testimonials indicated that the interventions offered tools so that the caregiver could better deal with the behavioral symptoms of the spouse with dementia, benefiting the quality of the conjugal relationship. Despite the limited number of participants, it is expected to contribute to the reflection about the possibilities of care, with guidelines for the more assertive application of strategies within the context studied

Bakgrund: Globalt räknas demenssjukdom till en av de stora folksjukdomarna. Symtomen på demenssjukdom delas in i kognitiva- psykiska- beteendemässiga och kroppsliga symtom. Dessa symtom orsakar stort lidande för personen med demenssjukdom och det är också svårt för anhöriga och vårdpersonal att möta de som drabbas av demenssjukdom och dessa symtom. Vård och omsorg vid demenssjukdom ska enligt Socialstyrelsen ges från ett personcentrerat förhållningssätt. Tidigare forskning visar att personcentrerad vård förordas som metod för att ge vård av hög kvalitet. Sjuksköterskans ansvar är omvårdnad. Omvårdnadens konsensusbegrepp är människa, hälsa, omvårdnad och miljö. Tidigare forskning visar att musik kan vara en användbar del i att förbättra omvårdnaden av personer med demenssjukdomar, både ur ett patient- och personalupplevt perspektiv. Syfte: Att sammanställa forskning som beskriver hur musik används inom demensvården och påvisa dess eventuella påverkan på personer med demenssjukdom. Metod: Litteraturöversikt för att sammanställa kunskapsläget. Artiklar söktes i databaserna PubMed, CINAHL och PsycINFO med sökorden ”dementia”, ”music”, ”care” och ”nurs*”. Efter kvalitetsgranskningen inkluderades 16 artiklar. Artiklarna analyserades, tolkade och sammanställdes i en resultatmatris. Resultat: Litteraturöversiktens resultat visade att musik som en del av demensvården hade positiv effekt på symtomen tillhörande demenssjukdomarna. De påtagligaste positiva effekterna visade sig inom de fyra områdena beteendemässiga- psykologiska och kognitiva symtom samt livskvalitativa värden. Slutsats: Musik är ett bra alternativ och/eller tillägg i demensvården och behandlingen av personer med demenssjukdom / Background: Globally, dementia is considered one of the major diseases of the population. Symptoms of dementia are divided into cognitive, behavioral and physical. These cause severe suffering to the person with dementia and is a challenge for the relatives and healthcare professionals. Care and nursing for persons with dementia should, according to the National Board of Health and Welfare, be given from a person-centered approach. Previous research shows that person-centered care is recommended for providing high-quality care. The nurse's responsibility is nursing. The consensus concept of nursing is a human being, health, nursing and the environment. Previous research shows that music can be a useful in the care of people with dementia. Purpose: To present research describing how music is used in dementia care and demonstrate the possible effects on people with dementia.  Method: Literature review to compile the state of knowledge. Articles were searched in the databases PubMed, CINAHL and PsycINFO with the search words "dementia", "music", "care" and "nurs *". After the quality review, 16 articles were included. The articles were analyzed, interpreted and compiled in a result matrix. Result: The result of the literature review showed that music as part of the nursing and care had a positive effect on the symptoms associated with dementia. The most significant positive effects were found in the four areas of behavioral, psychological, cognitive symptoms and quality of life. Conclusion: Music is a good alternative and/or supplement in nursing and treatment of people with dementia.

Neste estudo foram investigadas as imagens mentais decorrentes da audição musical erudita em mulheres com dor crônica músculo-esquelética. Noventa mulheres divididas em três grupos com diagnósticos de fibromialgia, lesão por esforços repetitivos/doenças osteoarticulares relacionadas ao trabalho (LER/DORT) e afecções relacionadas à coluna vertebral foram submetidas à audição individual de três peças musicais (Ravel Música A; Wagner Música B e diversos trechos agrupados num Mix Música C). As pesquisadas foram divididas em três sub-grupos que ouviram as seqüências ABC; BCA e CAB. Os dados sócio-demográficos foram obtidos por meio de entrevista e a intensidade da dor foi avaliada pela escala numérica verbal (0-10) antes e após a audição de cada peça musical. As imagens mentais foram categorizadas simbolicamente mediante análise de desenhos realizados durante cada audição e seus respectivos relatos verbais. A intensidade da dor mais elevada foi observada no grupo de fibromialgia, que apresentou, também, menor número de desenhos. Os três grupos apresentaram redução estatisticamente significativa dos escores de intensidade da dor ao final da audição musical (p<0,001), não associada à etiologia, à utilização ou não de medicamentos, à preferência musical ou à seqüência musical ouvida. Menor redução da intensidade da dor foi observada somente para o Mix no grupo de coluna. As imagens mentais não diferiram quantitativamente, entre Ravel e Wagner, nem simbolicamente para as principais categorias observadas. Potencial evocativo musical diferenciado foi observado no que se refere às sensações de desprazer entre Ravel e Wagner, não sendo observado para as reações de prazer. O Mix apresentou resultados simbólicos e estéticos, quantitativamente inferiores em relação a Ravel e a Wagner, com predomínio de imagens descritivas. A forma e conteúdo musicais se relacionaram à produção de imagens e o efeito terapêutico observado, sugerindo, portanto, que análises estruturais, simbólicas e estéticas podem contribuir para a compreensão e utilização da música pela Enfermagem. / In this study, mental images originating from classical music listening in women with muscle skeleton chronic pain. Ninety women divided in three groups with fibromyalgia diagnosis, repetitive strain injury RSI/osteoarticular diseases related to (RSI/DORT) and diseases related to the spinal column were submitted to individual listening of three musical pieces (Ravel-Music A; Wagner - Music B, and several gathered in Mix mode - Music C). The research was divided in three subgroups that listened to the sequences ABC, BCA, and CAB. The socio-demographic data have been obtained by interview and the intensity of pain has been evaluated by the verbal numeric scale (0-10) before and after the listening of each musical piece. The mental images have been symbolically ranked by analysing the drawings during each listening and their respective verbal reports. The intensity of heavier pain has been observed in a group of fibromyalgia that showed the smallest number of drawings too. The three groups presented a statistic significant decrease of the pain intensity scores at the end of the musical listening (p<0,001) not associated to etiology, if there was the use of drugs or not, the musical preference or musical sequence listened. Lower decrease of pain intensity has been noted only for Mix in the column group. The mental images did not differ in quantity, between Ravel and Wagner, neither symbolically for the major categories observed. Evocative musical potential has been noted concerning the unpleasant sensations between Ravel and Wagner, and not observed for pleasure reactions. The Mix has shown lower results in quantity in relation to Ravel and Wagner, both symbolically and aesthetically, with predominance of descriptive images. The musical form and content related to the production of images and the observed therapeutic effect, therefore, suggests that aesthetic and symbolic structural analyses may contribute to the understanding and use of music by Nursing.

Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo a criação de um novo approach musicoterápico inspirado na logoterapia como veículo na promoção da saúde mental. Deste encontro e diálogo entre a logoterapia e as práticas musicoterápicas de base existencial-humanista e cultural, em um contexto de intervenção e pesquisa, nasceu a logomúsica, abordagem musicoterápica criada pelos pesquisadores. Foi montado um grupo de estudo com 15 usuários de um Centro Atenção Psicossocial ao longo de 10 meses de atuação e intervenção com encontros semanais de 1 hora. O trabalho de campo contou com três observadores-participantes treinados para registro no diário de campo e registro audiovisual, além de uma musicoterapeuta como co-terapeuta no piano, violão e percussão. Como procedimentos, realizamos entrevistas individuais iniciais com os sujeitos-pesquisadores, período de observação participante, implantação de ciclos musicoterápicos, a construção coletiva de um espetáculo poético-musical (baseado no protagonismo), a realização de uma mostra artística-terapêutica e uma roda comunitária final para partilhas com os participantes. Os valores dos sujeitos-pesquisadores, a partir deste processo, revelaram a importância do papel da liberdade, da responsabilidade, do protagonismo, da música e dos processos criativos na promoção da saúde mental. Os sentidos compartilhados e mencionados pelos sujeitos-pesquisadores neste trabalho de pesquisa-ação foram: a) as rodas de conversas sobre valores como experiências fortalecedoras para a saúde, a responsabilidade e a liberdade; b) o processo criativo em grupo (saber fazer) como veículos de aprendizado de novas habilidades para o enfrentamento de questões práticas no dia a dia; c) o resgate e partilha da biografia musical como oportunidade de enraizamento existencial (identidade e memória); d) a improvisação poética-musical como espaço para o exercício do saber ser e saber conviver; e) o processo criativo coletivo (construção da mostra poética-musical) como realização do sentido da vida dos participantes (projetos personalizados e o sentido da renovação da comunidade) e, f) a logomúsica, portanto, foi construída nos pilares do noético, do protagonismo, do dialógico e da criatividade musical coletiva, revelando-se uma ferramenta valiosa na promoção da saúde mental. / This research aimed to create a new music therapy approach inspired in logotherapy as a tool to promote mental health. Logomusic is a music therapy approach created by the researchers through the combination of logotherapy and music therapy, with existentialhumanistic and cultural foundation, in a context of intervention and research. A study group with 15 users from a Psychosocial Care Center was set, with interventions lasting for 10 months, through weekly 1-hour meetings. Field work had involvement of three participant-observers, trained for registering on the field diary and audiovisual recording, and a music therapist as co-therapist playing the piano, guitar and percussion. The following procedures were carried out: individual interviews with researchers, period of participant observation, implementation of music therapy cycles, joint construction of a poetic-musical play (based on protagonist roles), organization of an artistic-therapeutic show and a closing community circle for sharing with participants. The values of the research-subjects, from this process, revealed the importance of the role of freedom, responsibility, protagonist roles, music and creative processes in the promotion of mental health. The meanings shared and reported by the research-subjects in this research-action study were: a) talk circles about values as empowering experiences for health, responsibility and freedom; b) the group creative process (knowhow) as tools to learn new skills for dealing with practical issues on a daily basis; c) the access and sharing of the musical biography as an opportunity for existential rooting (identity and memory); d) the poetic-musical improvisation as a space for the exercise of knowing to be and knowing to live with; e) the joint creative process (construction of a poetic-musical play) as an accomplishment of the meaning of participants\' lives (custom-made projects and the sense of renewal of the community) and, f) logomusic, which was built on the pillars of the noetic, the protagonist role, of the dialogue and the collective musical creativity, revealing itself as a valuable tool in promoting mental health.

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2017-05-12T14:32:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 HUMBERTO DOS SANTOS NETO.pdf: 1093947 bytes, checksum: 9ab7fc1e1d1c02f0d2b06682de899abb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T14:32:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HUMBERTO DOS SANTOS NETO.pdf: 1093947 bytes, checksum: 9ab7fc1e1d1c02f0d2b06682de899abb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-13 / This work was carried out in order to understand the use of music and its therapeutic elements; Techniques and procedures used within the Neo-Pentecostal liturgical process. It was aimed at the verification of a religious process, which approximates in a similar way a therapeutic process, and which reinforces and demonstrates aspects already proposed by religion, which can make sense of life, nomia, resignification, salvation and healing in people who are They find themselves in a situation of vulnerability and emotional, spiritual and even physical fragility, thus covering the eschatological and anthropological dimensions. In another sphere, we observed and evidenced some techniques and methods of music therapy, used in the cults, that potentiate the dynamics that religion offers. In our methodology, in addition to the observations of various meetings and gatherings of Neo-Pentecostal communities, both in person and in social media, we also participate in specific events with an emphasis on healing and liberation, called 'Encounter with God' or 'Tremendous Encounter' . From an informal perspective, it was possible to hear testimonies from believers and religious leaders participating in these events in order to discuss the existence or not of music therapy resources in the liturgies of such meetings, but with the aim of collecting data to tabulate and analyze Comparatively the same. Considering that our object is the observation of music therapy resources and their use in the liturgy of these communities, a vast amount of material was also read on social media, blogs, TV and the internet. In addition, we use part of neopentecostal confessional literature and the science of religion, psychology, music therapy, music and anthropology. These contents were configured as sources for understanding how the technical elements of music and music therapy can enhance the dynamics already offered by religion. / Este trabalho foi realizado no intuito de compreender a utilização da música e seus elementos terapêuticos; as técnicas e os procedimentos musicoterapêuticos utilizados, dentro do processo litúrgico Neopentecostal. Visou-se à verificação de um processo religioso, que se aproxima de forma análoga de um processo terapêutico, e que reforça e evidencia aspectos já propostos pela religião, que podem possibilitar sentido de vida, nomia, ressignificação, salvação e cura em pessoas que se encontram em situação de vulnerabilidade e fragilidade emocional, espiritual e até física, abrangendo assim as dimensões escatológicas e antropológicas. Em outra esfera, observamos e evidenciamos algumas técnicas e métodos musicoterapêuticos, utilizados nos cultos, que potencializam as dinâmicas que a religião oferece. Em nossa metodologia, além das observações de diversas reuniões e ajuntamentos das comunidades neopentecostais, tanto de forma presencial, quanto pelas mídias sociais, também participamos de eventos específicos com ênfase na cura e libertação, chamados de ‘Encontro com Deus’ ou ‘Encontro Tremendo’. Em uma perspectiva informal, foi possível ouvir depoimentos de fiéis e dos líderes religiosos participantes desses eventos com o fim de que eles discorressem sobre a existência ou não de recursos musicoterapêuticos nas liturgias de tais encontros, porém com o objetivo de recolher dados para tabular e analisar comparativamente os mesmos. Tendo em vista que nosso objeto se constitui na observação dos recursos musicoterapêuticos e sua utilização dos mesmos na liturgia dessas comunidades, foi também realizada uma leitura de vasto material, divulgado em mídias sociais, blogs, TV e internet. Ademais, utilizamos parte da literatura confessional neopentecostal e da ciência da religião, psicologia, musicoterapia, música e antropologia. Esses conteúdos configuraram-se como fontes para compreensão de como os elementos técnicos da música e musicoterapia podem potencializar as dinâmicas, já oferecidas pela religião.

A música erudita selecionada a partir de um repertório pré-determinado foi investigada neste estudo como terapia complementar no cuidado de mulheres com fibromialgia. Quarenta mulheres foram submetidas a duas sessões musicais, observando-se o intervalo de uma semana entre elas. A dor, bem como os parâmetros fisiológicos indicativos de relaxamento: freqüência cardíaca, freqüência respiratória, eletromiografia dos músculos trapézio e frontal, pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica e temperatura cutânea; complementados pela percepção das pacientes sobre a experiência musical foram avaliados antes e após cada sessão musical para verificação das alterações produzidas em sua decorrência. As pesquisadas apresentaram uma preferência musical que tendeu às músicas orquestrais em relação às de câmara e solo. Dentre os sinais fisiológicos observados, a freqüência respiratória, a eletromiografia, a temperatura cutânea e a pressão arterial sistólica apresentaram alterações estatisticamente significantes nas duas sessões. A pressão arterial diastólica apresentou alterações significativas apenas na segunda sessão. A dor avaliada pela Escala Analógica Visual apresentou redução significativa pós-sessão musical para a maioria das pacientes, ratificada pelo Questionário McGill em todas as dimensões da dor que este instrumento se propõe a analisar (sensitiva-discriminativa, afetiva-motivacional, cognitiva-avaliativa). A percepção da experiência musical relatada pelas pesquisadas evidenciou o potencial desta intervenção de Enfermagem (95% referiram que gostaram muito desta proposta terapêutica), pois além do alívio da dor, diversos aspectos subjetivos emergiram, tais como alterações nos estados de ânimo, facilitação da introspecção, visualização de imagens e sensações estéticas, dentre outros, demonstrando que sua utilização e compreensão merecem ser ampliados. / The selected erudite music starting from a predetermined repertory was investigated in this study as alternative therapy in the women care with fibromyalgia. Forty women were submitted for two musical sessions, we observed the interval of one week between the sessions. The pain as well as the physiological parameteres indicative of slackness: heart rate, respiratory rate, trapezius and frontalis muscle, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and cutaneous temperature and all of this parameters were completed by patients perception about musical experience and were appraised before and after each musical session for verification of produce alterations in their results. The enquired women have presented a musical preference that reached to the orchestral songs with reference to the camara music and solo. Among observed physiological signs, the respiratory rate, the electromyographic, the cutaneous temperature and the sistolic blood pressure presented alterations statistically significative on two sessions. The diastolic blood pressure presented significative alterations in the second only. The pain valued by Visual Analogic Scale presented significative reduction after musical session for most of patients, ratified by McGill Pain Questionnaire in all pain extensions that the instrument proposes to analyse (sensitive, affective, and cognitive). The perception of musical experience related by investigated women have evidenced the powerful from this Nursing intevention (95% from those women refered that they have liked very much this therapeutic approach) besides pain relief, many subjective aspects have emerged such as alterations of mood state, facility of introspection, visualization of images and esthetics sensations, among others aspects have demonstrated that their utilization and comprehension to must be amplified.