L’État haïtien, pour faire face à l’insécurité alimentaire que connaît sa population (à croissance rapide et à faible revenu), s’appuie particulièrement sur la Vallée du département de l’Artibonite qui constitue depuis toujours le véritable grenier agricole du pays, en fournissant, à elle seule, plus de 80% de la production rizicole nationale. Cette production agricole assure non seulement les besoins alimentaires de la population locale, mais également ceux particuliers des départements voisins (Ouest, Nord et Centre).L’irrigation de cette vaste plaine agricole (32400 ha de terres agricoles irrigables) est garantie, à plus de 75%, par le réseau d’irrigation établi en rive Gauche de l'ouvrage-partiteur de Canneau, alimenté par un Canal principal (CMRG) ayant un débit nominal de 40 m3/s.Néanmoins, ce Partiteur, source d’approvisionnement exclusive du CMRG, est lui-même régulé par le Barrage-réservoir de Péligre qui se trouve à 70 km plus en amont sur le fleuve de l’Artibonite. En termes hydrauliques, nos travaux ont d'abord examiné la situation du réservoir de Péligre. Alors qu'au moment de la construction il était initialement prévu d’y stocker 607 Mm3, il ne reste plus aujourd'hui qu'à peine 40% de cette capacité utile, en raison des dépôts sédimentaires qui se sont constitués année après année derrière le barrage.Cette sédimentation spectaculaire (due à l’érosion des bassins versants amont fort dégradés), combinée aux déficits pluviométriques, provoque en période d’étiage une rareté d’eau, des lâchers insuffisants et donc des déficits en eau utile envoyée en amont de ce Partiteur de Canneau. Cela impacte significativement le réseau d’irrigation aval, dont le CMRG. Nos travaux ont montré que la situation est d'autant plus critique que les débits eux-mêmes, en amont comme en aval du Partiteur, sont en fait très mal connus et devraient faire l'objet d'approches méthodologiques plus rigoureuses que celles déployées sur site actuellement.Aussi, face à ces constats, de nouvelles règles de distribution de l’eau s’imposent, pour continuer à irriguer et espérer obtenir un rendement agricole acceptable (souhaitable).Notre travail s'est ainsi donné pour objectif de contribuer à la mise en place des nouvelles règles de gestion de l’eau (répartition) au sein du réseau d’irrigation alimenté par le CMRG, pour continuer à fournir l’eau à l’irrigant en quantité acceptable (et connue). Cette amélioration de gestion a été envisagée à la fois en amont et en aval de ce réseau d’irrigation, particulièrement en ses différents nœuds-clés (Canal principal et Canal secondaire).La démarche méthodologique adoptée pour relever ce défi majeur s’appuie notamment sur un système d’information hydro-morpho-sédimentaire actualisé et de qualité. Il s’agit d’une base de données, riche en observations de hauteurs d’eau (lues aux stations limnimétriques), vitesses de surface au flotteur, champs de vitesse explorés au moyen d’un courantomètre et en données bathymétriques et granulométriques des tronçons des canaux étudiés, appréciées respectivement au moyen d’un GPS différentiel et du tamisage à sec.Les résultats fort encourageants obtenus permettent d'acquérir une meilleure compréhension du système et une amélioration particulière du réseau d’irrigation en rive gauche du Partiteur de Canneau. En s’appuyant sur les historiques de sédimentation du Lac-réservoir de Péligre (de 1960 à 2016), nous présentons un document de synthèse sur la sédimentation du Lac-réservoir de Péligre. Ce document met notamment en exergue le taux de sédimentation sévère de ce dernier (5.47 Mm3/an), qui continue d’augmenter encore aujourd’hui, ainsi que les conséquences de celui-ci sur les débits turbinés et la disponibilité de l’eau en amont du Partiteur de Canneau.Nous mettons également en évidence les formes irrégulières (Lit-non prismatique) des tronçons des canaux étudiés, via une vue axonométrique des profils en travers (issus de l’étude bathymétrique) des canaux d’irrigation en terre battue étudiés. Puis, nous présentons de manière détaillée le caractère très hétérogène des dépôts sédimentaires de ces derniers, à partir d’une analyse des représentations en Log-Probit des résultats du tamisage, construites au moyen du logiciel GrandPlots.En nous appuyant sur les mesures expérimentales des contraintes de Reynolds et des profils instantanés de vitesse (pris à intervalle de 64 ms), tirés de la base de données EPFL, nous avons montré qu’il faut absolument travailler dans les 18% inférieurs de la colonne d’eau (z/h<0.18) et en mode déficitaire, dans un écoulement turbulent comme celui-là, pour extraire de façon représentative et pertinente une pente expérimentale u*/, comme indicateur de u*.À l’issue d’un examen détaillé de la distribution verticale de la vitesse au canal secondaire FNE, nous validons un DMLWL (Dip-Modified-log-wake-law) à la fois en amont et en aval du réseau. Nous montrons que ceci permet de modéliser le Dip-phenomenon observé systématiquement au sein des profils explorés in situ. Nous proposons une relation entre le coefficient d’inégale répartition de la vitesse à la verticale αv (de Prony) et l’aspect ratio (W/h) pour tout le réseau d’irrigation étudié ;ceci afin d’obtenir une vitesse débitante (Ū), simplement à partir d’une prise de vitesse au flotteur, dans l’axe central d’écoulement.À partir des débits quantifiés à la section de référence du CMRG, via l’équation de continuité (Q=AŪ), nous fournissons un Abaque, diagramme à 3 entrées (débit (Qp), charge amont (H0) et ouverture de vanne (hv)), permettant aux vanniers de connaitre les débits au pont de fer correspondant aux différentes ouvertures de vanne et celui pour lequel le trop-plein (retour des eaux excédentaires vers le fleuve de l’Artibonite) commence à fonctionner.À l’égard des opérateurs locaux et gestionnaires du système, nous mettons enfin à disposition, des méthodes/outils simples et efficaces leur permettant de quantifier finement le débit au Canal principal en amont ainsi qu’au canal secondaire en aval, simplement à partir d’une mesure de hauteur d’eau (h) et de vitesse de surface au flotteur (Us). / Doctorat en Sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Diploma thesis analyses the macro practice in the Czech social work. It defines macro practical concept and its relationship to social policy and community social work by analysing the Czech and foreign specialized publications. It defines the key knowledge, skills and abilities which macro practicioner should manage. It emphasizes the macro scope towards the political representation. Macro practical methods are presented too. Diploma thesis defines two main principles - networking and evidence based practice. At first, macro practicioner is the creator of professional's networks or social services network. Secondly, in the evidence based practice macro practicioner is obligated to manage his decision making process on the base of the best and the most recent scientific researches. It all concludes the macro practice framework, which leads to the efective work with social excluded people. Macro practice is viewed as the approach, which helps clients, communities, regions and target groups in the implementation of their civil right, when it uses the enpowerment techniques. According to the international perspective, the status of the actual Czech macro practice is vieved as unconsolted. Therefore, author proposes the development of the social work education on the bachelor and master degrese...

The Master's thesis "ETA in Spanish Fiction Movies: Product or Creator of Spanish Collective Memory?" focuses on the interrelationship between history, cinematic representations and the way individuals perceive the traumatic past of Spanish history related to the Basque separatist organization ETA. Althought in the recent years there has been a proliferation of literature on collective memory, the approach, which this research follows, fills the gap by combining the macro-level (public) and micro-level (personal) of collective memory. Using the dynamics memory perspective, a theoretical framework that has grown popular within the multidisciplinary territories of collective memory scholarship, the thesis analyses four movies dealing with the ETA subject. These works allow us reflect on how the Basque separatist organization is portrayed in Spanish cinema and how this image has changed through time. To complement the investigation at the macrolevel, semi-structured interviews with 14 participants were conducted, searching for answers how cinematic representations influence people's perception of ETA and its actions. In both cases, thematic analysis was employed as a technique of data analysis

(in English) The main goal of the diploma thesis "The Possibility of Social Work in Rural Areas. On the Example of the Village Majdalena" is to introduce possible implementations of social work in villages or rural communities on the example of Majdalena, a village located in the South Bohemia region, Czech Republic. The theoretical portion of this thesis describes different approaches to social work and the status of a small community in the Czech welfare system, primarily with focus on social work. Legislative background of social work in a village and community social worker's job duties and responsibilities are also discussed in the thesis. The hands-on research presented in this work focuses on Majdalena, Czech Republic. A sociodemographic analysis and a field survey were conducted to characterize the investigated community, in addition to two case studies targeting Majdalena citizens. Finally, conclusions include suggestions of particular goals and objectives for a social worker in Majdalena.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / This study examines organizational learning (OL) with member organizations of a state association for children and family services. OL has been studied in business organizations, but the concept has value in the context of Human Service Organizations (HSOs) as well. HSOs face increasing demands for accountability through evaluating outcomes, requiring new organizational skills and activities. The state association has collected outcome data from member organizations for nine years, and has recently provided external consultants to help organizations interpret and make use of the information to improve organizational functioning. The process of OL was measured pre- and post-external consultation using an OL questionnaire developed by Templeton, Lewis, and Snyder (2002). Sixty-two member agencies received questionnaires and 42 responded for a response rate of 67%. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 CEOs/Executive Directors of HSOs. The OL questionnaire was found to have sufficient reliability and validity for the sample of HSOs in the study. Two factors were identified through factor analyses, Organizational Culture and Environmental Awareness. Satisfaction with an external consultant was not found to be related to increased OL. In the qualitative findings, the origins of learning themes that were identified were External Pressures, Philosophy, Planning, and Financial Pressures. The facilitating factor themes identified were Leadership, Philosophy, New Staff/New Leadership, Willingness, Planning, and Training. The perceived obstacles to OL were Resistance, Philosophy, Finances, and Time. External consultants were found to contribute to Evaluation, Awareness, Motivation, and Training. The main practice implication of the study is the identification of an instrument that may be used to examine OL in HSOs. The identification of facilitating factors and factors that may impede OL is a valuable contribution, as is the use of a standard definition of OL. The educational implications are for awareness in the education of future leaders by introducing OL and the application to HSOs. Future research is needed to address the development or modification of a better matched instrument for use with HSOs.

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Due to their large torque-speed ratio and transmission efficiency, planetary gears are widely used in the automotive industry. However, high amplitude vibrations remain their critical weakness, which limits their usage especially when new strict noise legislations come into action. A new approach to handle the instability problems of planetary gears encountered in real industrial context is presented in this work. First, the dynamic response of a planetary gear failing to pass the noise regulations is theoretically investigated through an analytical model. The equations of motion were solved using the Spectral Iterative Method. The observed experimental results correlated well with those from the developed model. In order to limit the resonance phenomena, impacts of different macro and micro-geometry modifications were analytically investigated: quadratic teeth profile, different planets positioning, different number of teeth and number of planets. Optimum modifications were retrieved and are expected to be tested experimentally on a test bench and on the truck. Finally, the analytical model’s limits and sensitivity to different parameters were investigated in order to certify its reliability, and suggestions for improvements were presented.

After the financial crisis in 2008 Sweden implemented a stricter monetary expansionary enforcement trying to stabilize the overall economy of the country. These measures have led to discussions about secular stagnation and an increased savings glut when the interest rate is lowered.Between 2013 and 2018, Stockholm has seen an increase of construction levels trying to meet the market demand of a somewhat neglected supply of housing. The import of the new tenant-owned assets has shown indications of not fulfilling the market demand as after stricter amortization requirements was implemented, the possibilities to purchase these assets has been somewhat limited.The research will focus on four inner city areas in Stockholm between the timeline, aiming to determine the household effect of a larger intake of supply and implemented regulations onto the price point of tenant-owned assets.Regression analysis is utilized to statistically determine the effects of these market conditions together with an overall analysis of the imposed dataset with a theoretical framework capitalizing models of the Stock-flow theory, Tobin’s Q and the four-quadrant model.Statistically the research regression model is built up with newly imposed variables such as user cost and new supply together with a variation of other independent variables determining effects the variables have had on the price development of tenant-owned assets. The empirical analysis then researches the mentioned scenarios together with individual area analysis in all of the specific research areas imposed by a hedonic cross-sectional method.The results of the paper indicate the amortization requirements as having a large part of the declining price development within the research areas. The new supply entering the market has had a small effect. Nevertheless, the intake of new supply has been greater than previous years, amounting to 30% over thetransaction volume at the end of 2018 indicating a large supply of tenant-owned assets that are not being sold.We conclude that the market is not in equilibrium and together with a large intake of new supply in a certain segment and strict amortization requirements, the price development has decreased indicating myopic and herd behavior by construction firms and developers that are advised to further increase and advance their strategies as well as tactics with deeper market analysis before processing new construction. / Till följd av finanskrisen år 2008 implementerades striktare monetära krav på bostadsmarknaden med syftet att stabilisera ekonomin i landet och minska skuldsättningen hos hushållen. Dessa krav har skapat diskussioner om sekulär stagnation och en ökad benägenhet att spara vid låg ränta.Mellan 2013 och 2018 har Stockholm haft en betydlig ökning av nybyggda bostäder för att möta den efterfrågan som tillkommit som följd av tidigare låg byggnation. Tillkomsten av nya bostäder på marknaden har visat indikationer på att de inte möter den påstådda efterfrågan, detta till följd av de konsekvenser som striktare amorteringskrav har haft på hushållens förmåga att få tillgång till bostadslån.Denna uppsats kommer att fokusera på bostadsmarknaden i fyra områden av Stockholms innerstad med fokus på tidsramen innan samt efter implementeringen av amorteringskraven i samband med den ökade byggnationen. Målet är att redogöra för effekten på bostadspriserna av den ökade byggnationen i samband med de striktare amorteringskraven.Uppsatsen kommer att tillämpa regressionsanalys för att statistiskt kunna avgöra effekten av amorteringskraven samt nybyggnationen med data från Bostad 2.0 i samband med ett teoretiskt ramverk bestående av Stock-flow, Tobin’s Q och Four-Quadrant modellen.Regressionsmodellen består av variabler som beskriver hushållens kostnader och mängden nytt utbud med en variation av andra oberoende variabler som bestämmer prisnivån på en bostad som storlek, antal rum, område och tiden för försäljningen.Resultatet av analysen påvisar att amorteringskraven har haft en betydande effekt av den nedåtgående prisutvecklingen i Stockholms innerstad. Den stora mängd nytt utbud har haft en liten effekt men transaktionsnivån har sjunkit vilket indikerar på att många bostäder inte har blivit sålda.Slutsatsen är att marknaden är i obalans där en stor mängd nytt utbud inte möter efterfrågan. Priset på bostäder har sjunkit det senaste året till följd av amorteringskraven och mängden nytt utbud indikerar att bostadsutvecklare inte har lyckats förutsemarknadsutvecklingen där bättre modeller och strategier behövs med mer djupgående analyser för att i framtiden kunna tillgodose marknadsutvecklingen för nybyggnation.

<p>Water infrastructure forms a critical sector of our social system and provides goods and services for public health, the natural environment, economic safety, various businesses, and government operations. In the United States (US), drinking water is supplied nationally through one million miles of pipes, most of which were installed in the early to mid-20th century with a life span of 75 to 100 years. Along with this fact, water bills which are rising faster than inflation, result in communities grappling with aging water systems, fewer water resources, and extreme weather. The federal government’s share of capital investment for water infrastructure has fallen from 31% in 1977 to 4% in 2017. Regional and state expenditure has accounted for a much larger share as federal aid for water infrastructure capital needs has declined. This has led to water rates rising to cover the costs of replacing and upgrading water infrastructure in many communities across the country. They are struggling to meet such costs through local rates and fees.</p><p>Over the next 20 years, more than 56 million new users are expected to connect to centralized treatment systems, and $271 billion is needed to meet current and future demands. However, the investment in critical water infrastructure is currently only meeting a fraction of the funding need. In 2019, the total capital spending on water infrastructure at all levels was $48 billion, while investment needs totaled $129 billion, creating an $81 billion gap. As such, the most recent American Society of Civil Engineers’ Infrastructure Report Card assigned a D to the drinking water infrastructure and a D+ to the nation’s wastewater infrastructure. Ineffectual and wasteful investment in the water sector has caused an adverse effect on grades in the infrastructure report card for water infrastructures. Moreover, this may negatively impact water-reliant sectors and water-related infrastructures due to the economic ripple effect.</p><p>This research has developed a data-driven strategic investment decision support system to close the existing water infrastructure investment gap and reduce the vulnerability of aging water infrastructure. The first phase of this study was to determine the causes affecting the grades in the infrastructure report card for drinking water and wastewater infrastructure and contributing to any latent threats and prolonged risks. It uses data-driven approaches based on analysis of existing ineffective improvement methods and recommendations. It attempts to leverage a data-driven supervised statistical learning method to capture the complex relationships between new challenges and the growing demand for water infrastructure needs. The ultimate outcome of this phase is a research approach to minimize water and wastewater vulnerability and close the investment gap to help create a paradigm shift in the current state of practice. Furthermore, improving the resiliency of and increasing investments in the water and wastewater infrastructure will lead to a resilient, efficient, and reliable water future and protect the public health of future generations.</p><p>The second phase of this study was to predict the economic benefits of additional federal support in water infrastructure among interdependent sectors within an economic system to facilitate the federal government’s share of capital investment. It conducts ripple effects analysis, which predicts the effectiveness of water infrastructure capital investment using historical economic data. It explores how federal capital investment in water infrastructure spreads economic benefits within an interdependent system. This phase was conducted at the federal level using the interindustry-macro model that analyzes macroeconomic data, including over 400 sectors. Investments that are coordinated at the federal, state, and local level will help control and stabilize rising water rates across the US.</p><p>The third phase of this study was to conduct a cost-benefit assessment in terms of private, financial, economic, and efficiency considerations using nominal and real terms to maximize the benefit of investing in the water sector and reduce the vulnerability of water infrastructures. In order to measure the costs and benefits of a strategy to maximize the efficiency of limited budgets and resources, this phase conducts a cost-benefit analysis due to the investment costs for rehabilitating and improving water infrastructures using historical economic and financial data. The long-term financial framework, including considerations of deep uncertainties so that decision-makers can understand the benefit of investing assets for an optimal level versus the cost of doing nothing and allowing the asset to run to failure is developed using the cost-benefit assessment.</p><p>Finally, a data-driven strategic investment decision support system that helps governments make water infrastructure development plans and infrastructure investment decisions in the water sector is presented. It can help governments with designing a novel system or modifying existing ineffective assessment methods and recommendations aimed at minimizing the mismatch in the water infrastructure investment gap between current spending levels and funding needs. Furthermore, minimizing the risks of ineffectual and wasteful water sector investment through rehabilitating and improving water infrastructures in a rational manner will lead to improved grades in the infrastructure report card and the resiliency of interrelated infrastructures and sectors.</p>