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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Knowledge sharing in international product development teams /

Sonne, Anne-Mette. January 2006 (has links) (PDF)
School of Business, Diss.--Aarhus, 2006.
12

Knowledge management and the SECI model : a study of innovation in the Egyptian banking sector

Easa, Nasser F. H. January 2012 (has links)
The emergence of knowledge management (KM) as a practical business discipline is connected to the growing realisation that knowledge is an essential resource for organisations to retain sustainable competitive advantages. The SECI model, proposed by Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995) best embraces the nature of KM and of knowledge conversion. This model uses four processes of knowledge conversion: socialisation, externalisation, combination and internalisation to create knowledge in organisations. A review of the relevant literature, however, suggests that the application of the SECI model is suffering from a lack of research in banking, even though this is a knowledge-intensive industry. Since the model was driven from Japanese values, the applicability of the model in different cultural contexts is also arguable. This study aims to examine the use of the SECI model in Egyptian banks and its effect on the innovation process. To examine the model in a different cultural context, Egypt as the biggest Arab country was a suitable research site. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were employed to achieve the research aims. The qualitative data were used to triangulate the quantitative data by detailing the SECI conversion process, and its relation to innovation. Two hundred and ten self-administered questionnaires were used to investigate to what extent Egyptian banks perform the SECI and innovation activities, and 26 semi-structured face-to-face interviews provided details about how the Egyptian banks perform these activities. The survey data were analysed by using Predictive Analytic SoftWare (PASW). Different types of statistical applications were used, namely factor analysis, Cronbach’ alpha, descriptive analysis, multiple regression, t-test and one-way ANOVA. Content analysis was used to analyse the interview data were by looking for noticeable patterns to be connected to the research framework. The findings indicate that the SECI processes were used for knowledge creation in Egyptian banks. However, some self-imposed limitations minimised the benefits of the socialisation and externalisation processes in creating and sharing knowledge. In contrast, internalisation and combination faced fewer limitations, revealing that Egyptian banks focus more on formal rather than informal knowledge. Therefore, the study supports the view of the model as being universal, but the use of each process is subject to the cultural context, leadership support, and types of task. The findings also suggest that the SECI processes - whether separate or as a whole - positively influence the innovation process by increasing the generation of ideas for banking services, products and processes. The internalisation process had the most positive influence on innovation, followed by the combination, externalisation and socialisation processes respectively. Many of the product and process innovations in the last few years were due to the introduction of new technologies.
13

Managing radical business innovations . a study of internal corporate venturing at Sonera Corporation /

Laaksonen, Juha. January 2007 (has links) (PDF)
School of Economics, Diss.--Helsinki, 2007.
14

Knowledge retention in national agricultural research organisations : the case of Uganda

Baguma, Sylvester D. January 2016 (has links)
Organisation knowledge attrition continues to gain attention due to the increasing mobility of organisational employees. Employees leave organisations due to retirement, resignation in search for better employment opportunities, termination of employment contracts, indisposition, unofficially leaving employment, and death. When they leave organisations, they take with them tacit knowledge. Attrition of tacit knowledge leads to loss of intellectual assets and erosion of organisational memory which negatively affect learning and innovation. The knowledge can be subject matter expertise, organisational memory of why certain decisions were made, experience of past research and development projects and the social network in terms of from whom they sought out for answers or collaborated with in executing their tasks. Knowledge attrition is common in many organisations in different sectors. The literature does not show any framework that addresses knowledge attrition right from the time an employee is recruited into an organisation to when he or she leaves it. The purpose of this study was to develop an integrated knowledge retention framework for minimising organisational knowledge attrition. This was achieved by investigating how loss of organisational tacit knowledge can be minimised. The research adopted a single case study design with a concurrent parallel mixed methods research strategy informed by pragmatic philosophical assumptions. It was conducted in Uganda in a large national agricultural research organisation. Data was collected from 36 focus group discussions involving 161 participants, review of organisational documents, 35 interviews, 205 online surveys and a validation workshop by 16 top managers. The main contribution of this research is the novel framework for knowledge retention that comprehensively addresses knowledge attrition from an organisation. The framework comprises two categories of components. The first is the organisational behavioural components comprising knowledge sharing, capturing and documenting knowledge, and knowledge exploitation. This category constitutes the core components of the knowledge retention strategy. The second category is the organisational environmental components. It comprises creating organisational learning environment, having knowledge-oriented governance and leadership, providing necessary capacities and conditions, and providing strategic guidance - planning for knowledge retention. Environmental components have moderating effects on the behavioural components. In addition, it has contributed to the theoretical existing body of knowledge from the framework that was developed. This complements the reviewed literature which uncovered three conceptual categorisations of the knowledge retention strategies based on the timing of capturing knowledge from an individual. The three categories are: Reactive (short-term), Containment (medium-term) and Preventive (long-term) knowledge retention strategies. Although the concept of knowledge retention is not new, this research has contributed to the existing body of literature. Additionally, the study provides a deeper understanding of knowledge retention and opens new research areas. Perhaps this is the first study of its kind in the agricultural sector specifically focussing on agricultural research.
15

Ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem e mapas conceituais: um estudo exploratório com alunos do curso de administração de empresas da FEA-RP/USP / Electronic learning system and conceptual maps: a study applied to students of the course of business administration

João Paulo Leonardo de Oliveira 01 September 2006 (has links)
Este estudo teve por finalidade analisar a utilização de um ambiente virtual de aprendizagem (AVA) como apoio ao processo de ensino e aprendizagem para a disciplina presencial de Gestão da Inovação, oferecida aos alunos do curso de Administração de Empresas da Faculdade de Economia, Administração e Contabilidade de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo. Tal proposta foi baseada no ambiente educacional Teleduc, integrado a alguns recursos multimídias, com o apoio de um mapa conceitual. Foram utilizadas tanto a pesquisa qualitativa, com abordagem exploratória, quanto a quantitativa, com abordagem descritiva. O método utilizado na pesquisa exploratória foi baseado em um estudo de caso, utilizando-se da técnica de entrevistas em profundidade, que possibilitou um melhor conhecimento do problema estudado. Como método da pesquisa descritiva foi utilizado o levantamento realizado por meio de um questionário estruturado de avaliação de satisfação, aplicado a uma turma de alunos de graduação do curso de Administração de Empresas, universo deste estudo. Inicialmente, foi concebido um modelo conceitual do sistema de apoio, sendo desenvolvida sua arquitetura. Nessa etapa, foi construído um mapa conceitual de um dos tópicos da disciplina em foco. Tanto a arquitetura do sistema, quanto o mapa conceitual, foram avaliados por professores e especialistas. Posteriormente, foram definidos as ferramentas e os recursos tecnológicos necessários para o desenvolvimento e aplicação do ambiente proposto e a forma pela qual o sistema pré-concebido deveria se relacionar com a disciplina existente. Por fim, um protótipo de ambiente virtual de aprendizagem foi desenvolvido e efetivamente utilizado junto a população deste estudo. / This study analyze the use of a electronic learning system as support to presencial discipline of Management of the Innovation, offered to course of Business Admnistration?s students of Economy, Administration and Accounting Ribeirão Preto College which makes part of University of São Paulo. The proposal was based on the electronic learning system Teleduc, integrated to some resources multimedia, with the support of a conceptual map. This study used in such a way the qualitative research, how much the quantitative one. The method used in the qualitative research was based on a case study, using the interviews technique, that made possible a better knowledge about studied problem. As method of the descriptive research the survey was used, applied to a students? group that belongs to graduation of the course of Business Admnistration, universe of this study. Initially, a conceptual model support?s system was conceived, being developed its architecture. In this stage, a conceptual map one of topics was constructed of disciplines in focus. The architecture of the system, and the conceptual map, had been evaluated by professors and specialists. Later on, the tools and all necessary technological resources for the development and application of the considered environment had been defined and the way which the conceived system would have to related with discipline existing. Finally, a virtual environment archetype of learning was developed and effectively used together the population from this study.
16

O impacto dos MOOCs (Massive Open Online Cousers) nas instituições de ensino superior: um estudo exploratório / The impact of MOOCs (massive open online courses) in higher education institutions: an exploratory study

Goto, Melissa Midori Martinho 01 September 2015 (has links)
O Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) é uma categoria de curso virtual aberto que tem como intenção fornecer educação gratuita de alta qualidade a um número ilimitado de estudantes. Originalmente desenvolvido em 2008, com relevância a partir de 2011, o fenômeno tem despertado a atenção de diversos estudiosos, pessoas ligadas ao ensino e à mídia, devido ao impacto que pode causar nas instituições de ensino superior. Quanto aos fatores relacionados à competitividade, Porter (2004) diz que é necessário analisar forças como as barreiras à entrada da Indústria, a ameaça de substitutos, o poder de negociação dos clientes e dos fornecedores e a rivalidade entre os atuais competidores, que, em conjunto, determinam a dinâmica da competição em uma Indústria. Identificar como se configuram essas forças competitivas para as instituições de ensino superior na Indústria do ensino superior com o advento dos MOOCs é o objetivo desse trabalho. Assim, uma pesquisa qualitativa por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com especialistas que conhecem o fenômeno e possuem conhecimentos da Indústria do ensino superior foi realizada. Os resultados apontam que os MOOCs tendem a beneficiar as instituições de ensino superior nas forças sobre clientes, substitutos, fornecedores e a fortalecer as barreiras à entrada. No entanto, esses benefícios, juntamente com os fatores de rivalidade interna, faz com que se intensifique a rivalidade entre as instituições de ensino. Os resultados também indicam que os MOOCs não estão inclinados a competir com as instituições de ensino, mas, sim, a reforçar aspectos importantes destas mesmas como Organizações. O que não significa dizer que com a ajuda dos MOOCs as melhores instituições de ensino não possam impelir instituições de ensino superior não tão boas para fora da Indústria em um processo de \"seleção natural\". Os resultados apresentados são relevantes para a comunidade científica, uma vez que expandem o conhecimento do MOOC e da Indústria do ensino superior com a chegada do mesmo. Podem também representar uma contribuição importante para os tomadores de decisão das instituições de ensino por possibilitar uma melhor compreensão do fenômeno MOOC e de suas implicações para suas instituições de ensino. / The Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) is an open virtual course category that is intended to provide high quality free education to an unlimited number of students. Originally developed in 2008, are relevant as of 2011, the phenomenon has aroused the attention of several scholars, people involved in teaching and the media, due to the impact it can have on higher education institutions. As for factors related to competitiveness, Porter (2004) says it is necessary to analyze forces and barriers to entry the industry, the threat of substitutes, the bargaining power of customers and suppliers and rivalry among current competitors, which in together determine the dynamics of competition in an industry. Identify how to configure these competitive forces to higher education institutions in the higher education industry with the advent of MOOCs is our aim. Thus, a qualitative research through semi-structured interviews with experts who know the phenomenon and have knowledge of the higher education industry was held. The results show that the MOOCs tend to benefit higher education institutions in the forces on customers, substitutes, suppliers and strengthen the barriers to entry. However, these benefits along with the internal rivalry factors, makes them intensify the rivalry between the educational institutions. The results also indicate that MOOCs are not inclined to compete with educational institutions, but rather to strengthen important aspects of these same as Organizations. Which is not to say that with the help of MOOCs the best educational institutions can not propel higher education institutions not as good out of the industry in a process of \"natural selection.\" The results presented are relevant to the scientific community, since they expand the knowledge of Mooc and higher education industry with the arrival of the same. They may also represent an important contribution to the decision makers of educational institutions for enabling a better understanding of Mooc phenomenon and its implications for their educational institutions.
17

Processos de inovação tecnológica para a glicerina produzida no processo de obtenção de biodiesel no Brasil

Pinheiro, Rafael Sanaiotte 22 February 2011 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:51:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3552.pdf: 789488 bytes, checksum: cd04a23dcc62a1ff50a264b9cc7a9d99 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-22 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / Biodiesel is considered as a viable alternative to partially replace fossil fuels. The manufacture process of biodiesel produces approximately 10% glycerin, the main byproduct. Due to the growth of the biodiesel industry in Brazil and abroad, the high volumes of glycerin become a bottleneck in this chain, given that currently use the glycerin market serves a very narrow and specific. Many efforts have been directed to find strategic alternatives for the sustainable use of biodiesel derived glycerin. The competitiveness of the production chain, which originates with the glycerin byproduct of the manufacture of biodiesel, has as one of its determinants identifying technological routes and products to intensify the consumption of this product. In this dissertation, the goal was to determine how it is being done to manage technological innovation and progress in the identification and discussion of the influence which the glycerin is delivering on the biodiesel production chain, seeking possible ways to increase both competitiveness of Brazilian production chain glycerin and biodiesel. To achieve this, interviews were conducted with biodiesel producers, producers and consumers of glycerin and laboratories and research institutes. These interviews were conducted with the aid of a semi-structured questionnaire. A documentary analysis on patents involving the object of study was also performed to verify the main uses found for glycerin. With this, through a chain mapping of glycerol, was described and analyzed the dynamics of their operation and also identified the players who participate directly and indirectly, as well as the productive chains of biodiesel and glycerin are dealing with the management technological innovation aimed at the production thereof. By analyzing the factors of firm strategy, industry standard, technology transfer, leadership, opportunity, appropriability and cumulative, and also with the emergence of new businesses and new markets for the sector was possible to identify a great technological potential for the sector of glycerin. However, due to technological challenges still exist in the production process of biodiesel, this biofuel industry is not focused on these new opportunities. / O biodiesel é apontado como uma alternativa viável para substituir parcialmente os combustíveis fósseis. O processo produtivo do biodiesel gera aproximadamente 10% de glicerina, seu principal coproduto. Devido ao crescimento do setor de biodiesel no Brasil e no mundo, os altos volumes de glicerina tornaram-se um gargalo nesta cadeia produtiva, já que atualmente o uso da glicerina atende a um mercado muito restrito e específico. Muitos esforços têm sido direcionados para encontrar alternativas estratégicas sustentáveis para a utilização da glicerina derivada do biodiesel. A competitividade da cadeia de produção, que se origina com a glicerina resultante da fabricação de biodiesel, tem como um dos seus fatores determinantes a identificação de rotas tecnológicas e de produtos que intensifiquem o consumo deste produto. Nesta dissertação, o objetivo foi verificar como está sendo feita a gestão da inovação tecnológica e avançar na identificação e discussão sobre a influência que a glicerina está proporcionando sobre a cadeia produtiva do biodiesel, buscando possíveis caminhos para aumentar a competitividade brasileira tanto da cadeia produtiva da glicerina quanto do biodiesel. Para atingir este objetivo, foram realizadas entrevistas com os produtores de biodiesel, os produtores e os consumidores de glicerina e de laboratórios e de institutos de pesquisa. Estas entrevistas foram realizadas com auxílio de um questionário semi-estruturado. Uma análise documental sobre as patentes depositadas envolvendo o objeto de estudo também foi realizada para verificar os principais usos encontrados para a glicerina. Com isto, por meio de um mapeamento da cadeia da glicerina, foi descrito e analisado a sua dinâmica de funcionamento e também foram identificados os agentes que dela participam direta e indiretamente, além de como as cadeias produtivas do biodiesel e da glicerina estão tratando a gestão de inovação tecnológica voltada para a produção da mesma. Com a análise dos fatores estratégia da firma, padrão setorial, transferência de tecnologia, liderança, oportunidade, apropriabilidade e cumulatividade, e também com o surgimento de novas empresas e novos mercados para o setor foi possível identificar um grande potencial tecnológico para o setor da glicerina. Porém, devido aos desafios tecnológicos ainda existentes no processo produtivo do biodiesel, o setor deste biocombustível não esta focado nessas novas oportunidades.
18

O impacto dos MOOCs (Massive Open Online Cousers) nas instituições de ensino superior: um estudo exploratório / The impact of MOOCs (massive open online courses) in higher education institutions: an exploratory study

Melissa Midori Martinho Goto 01 September 2015 (has links)
O Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) é uma categoria de curso virtual aberto que tem como intenção fornecer educação gratuita de alta qualidade a um número ilimitado de estudantes. Originalmente desenvolvido em 2008, com relevância a partir de 2011, o fenômeno tem despertado a atenção de diversos estudiosos, pessoas ligadas ao ensino e à mídia, devido ao impacto que pode causar nas instituições de ensino superior. Quanto aos fatores relacionados à competitividade, Porter (2004) diz que é necessário analisar forças como as barreiras à entrada da Indústria, a ameaça de substitutos, o poder de negociação dos clientes e dos fornecedores e a rivalidade entre os atuais competidores, que, em conjunto, determinam a dinâmica da competição em uma Indústria. Identificar como se configuram essas forças competitivas para as instituições de ensino superior na Indústria do ensino superior com o advento dos MOOCs é o objetivo desse trabalho. Assim, uma pesquisa qualitativa por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com especialistas que conhecem o fenômeno e possuem conhecimentos da Indústria do ensino superior foi realizada. Os resultados apontam que os MOOCs tendem a beneficiar as instituições de ensino superior nas forças sobre clientes, substitutos, fornecedores e a fortalecer as barreiras à entrada. No entanto, esses benefícios, juntamente com os fatores de rivalidade interna, faz com que se intensifique a rivalidade entre as instituições de ensino. Os resultados também indicam que os MOOCs não estão inclinados a competir com as instituições de ensino, mas, sim, a reforçar aspectos importantes destas mesmas como Organizações. O que não significa dizer que com a ajuda dos MOOCs as melhores instituições de ensino não possam impelir instituições de ensino superior não tão boas para fora da Indústria em um processo de \"seleção natural\". Os resultados apresentados são relevantes para a comunidade científica, uma vez que expandem o conhecimento do MOOC e da Indústria do ensino superior com a chegada do mesmo. Podem também representar uma contribuição importante para os tomadores de decisão das instituições de ensino por possibilitar uma melhor compreensão do fenômeno MOOC e de suas implicações para suas instituições de ensino. / The Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) is an open virtual course category that is intended to provide high quality free education to an unlimited number of students. Originally developed in 2008, are relevant as of 2011, the phenomenon has aroused the attention of several scholars, people involved in teaching and the media, due to the impact it can have on higher education institutions. As for factors related to competitiveness, Porter (2004) says it is necessary to analyze forces and barriers to entry the industry, the threat of substitutes, the bargaining power of customers and suppliers and rivalry among current competitors, which in together determine the dynamics of competition in an industry. Identify how to configure these competitive forces to higher education institutions in the higher education industry with the advent of MOOCs is our aim. Thus, a qualitative research through semi-structured interviews with experts who know the phenomenon and have knowledge of the higher education industry was held. The results show that the MOOCs tend to benefit higher education institutions in the forces on customers, substitutes, suppliers and strengthen the barriers to entry. However, these benefits along with the internal rivalry factors, makes them intensify the rivalry between the educational institutions. The results also indicate that MOOCs are not inclined to compete with educational institutions, but rather to strengthen important aspects of these same as Organizations. Which is not to say that with the help of MOOCs the best educational institutions can not propel higher education institutions not as good out of the industry in a process of \"natural selection.\" The results presented are relevant to the scientific community, since they expand the knowledge of Mooc and higher education industry with the arrival of the same. They may also represent an important contribution to the decision makers of educational institutions for enabling a better understanding of Mooc phenomenon and its implications for their educational institutions.
19

Entre o político e o técnico, reforma administrativa, esfera pública e educação: um estudo sobre a experiência recente de Juiz de Fora - MG

Freitas, Rogério José Lopes de 28 June 2007 (has links)
Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-02-22T19:30:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 rogeriojoselopesdefreitas.pdf: 1244425 bytes, checksum: 9c1e123cb332c63b256e8d32d460f440 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-02-23T12:02:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 rogeriojoselopesdefreitas.pdf: 1244425 bytes, checksum: 9c1e123cb332c63b256e8d32d460f440 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-02-23T12:02:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 rogeriojoselopesdefreitas.pdf: 1244425 bytes, checksum: 9c1e123cb332c63b256e8d32d460f440 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-23T12:02:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 rogeriojoselopesdefreitas.pdf: 1244425 bytes, checksum: 9c1e123cb332c63b256e8d32d460f440 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-06-28 / Este trabalho analisa a reforma administrativa empreendida pelo município de Juiz de Fora – MG entre os anos de 2000 a 2004 e o respectivo rebatimento desse processo na área social do município, em especial as mudanças gerenciais ocorridas no campo educacional. O objetivo geral da dissertação é analisar a relação existente entre processos de reformas administrativas e a construção da esfera pública, sob a perspectiva da ampliação e fortalecimento dessa esfera, a partir da implementação de mudanças organizacionais oriundas do debate contemporâneo do tema da reforma de Estado, estabelecendo como plataforma de análise o processo da cidade mineira. Para tal, optou-se por uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa cujas estratégias metodológicas foram a análise documental associada a um conjunto de entrevistas com atores que formularam e/ou vivenciaram o processo em questão. A sustentação teórica do trabalho comporá o primeiro capítulo, dedicado à discussão sobre a esfera pública e da teoria de Estado e crise de Estado, em especial os desdobramentos ocorridos nas últimas três décadas. A partir do cenário habermasiano da emergência e transformação da esfera pública, discute-se sua pertinência hodierna como teoria democrática, apontando a necessidade de uma leitura crítica e atualizações, na perspectiva de sua ligação com o tema da gestão pública e a mecanismos de inovação administrativa. O capítulo segundo inicia-se com uma contextualização da reforma de Estado no Brasil e seus desdobramentos na educação nacional, para, em seguida, discorrer sobre a reforma administrativa de Juiz de Fora, com especial ênfase para a educação municipal, fortemente afetada pelo cunho heterodoxo e matricial do processo em questão. A análise empreendida nos conduz ao entendimento de que, embora tenha sido baseada em um construto teórico e jurídico que procurou associar aspectos gerenciais a um processo participativo, o legado da reforma foi mais fortemente sentido no campo normativotécnico, ligado a elementos procedurais responsáveis por aspectos de modernização administrativa, ficando obscurecido sua capacidade de inovação, na medida em que as possibilidades participativas formam perdendo força ao longo da jornada de implementação da reforma. / This study analyses the administrative reform implemented by the city of Juiz de Fora (state of Minas Gerais, Brazil) between 2000 and 2004, and the effects this reform had upon the social sphere of the city, specially the managerial changes that took place in the educational field. Our general aim is to analyze the relationship between the processes of administrative reform and the construction of the public sphere. We focus on the broadening and strengthening of this sphere taking the implementation of organizational changes proceeding from the contemporary debate about the State reform as a starting point. For this purpose, we established as analysis platform the reformation process in Juiz de Fora. Hence, we choose a qualitative research approach whose methodological strategies were the documentary analysis associated with a set of interviews with actors that formulated and/or lived the abovementioned process. The first chapter provides theoretical support for the study, and is dedicated to discussing the public sphere, the Theory of the State and the Crisis of the State, specially the developments during the past three decades. Starting from Habermas' scenario of rise and transformation of the public sphere, we discuss its current pertinence as a democratic theory, pointing to the need for critical reading and updating of its link to the theme of public management and to mechanisms of administrative innovation. The second chapter begins by contextualizing the reform of the State in Brazil and its unfoldings in national education. After this, we consider the administrative reform of Juiz de Fora, highlighting the municipal education, strongly affected by the heterodox and matrix-like character of this process. The analysis we made led to the understanding that, although based on a theoretical and legal construct which tried to associate managerial aspects to a participative process, the reform's legacy was more strongly observed in the techno-normative field, in connection with procedural elements that are responsible for some aspects of administrative modernization; and that the innovation capacity of the administrative reform was obscured, as participative possibilities gradually lost strength during the implementation of the reform.
20

Att skapa drivkrafter till förändring vid upphandling : En fallstudie av två nyproduktionsprojekt i Norra Djurgårdsstaden / Creating motives for change through procurement : A case study of two new production projects in Stockholm Royal Seaport

Baran, Bahar, Storm, Ebba January 2016 (has links)
Som ett steg i riktningen mot ett mer miljövänligt och hållbart Stockholm upprättades våren 2013 ett center för samordnad bygglogistik (BLC) i Norra Djurgårdsstaden på initiativ av Stockholms stad. Ett logistikcenter för samordnad bygglogistik av denna storlek är det första av sitt slag i Sverige och kräver obligatorisk anslutning av samtliga byggherrar och entreprenörer inom området. BLC som innovation har medfört ett behov av förändring hos aktörerna vid upphandling av entreprenörer och i arbetssättet under produktion för att till fullo nyttja logistikcentret. Syftet med denna studie har därför varit att se till hur anpassningsförmågan till de förändringar som en innovation som BLC kräver kan främjas eller hämmas vid val av upphandlingsstrategier. Fokus ligger således på att identifiera huruvida upphandlingsstrategier kan nyttjas som ett verktyg för förändringsledning då den upphandlande aktören vill driva igenom en eller ett flertal förändringar. Rapporten är en sammanställning av en fallstudie av två nyproduktionsprojekt med ett abduktivt tillvägagångssätt. Studien grundar sig på en omfattande litteraturstudie, deltagande observationer samt intervjuer av berörda aktörer i de två projekten och kan klassificeras som kvalitativ, empirisk forskning med ett hermeneutiskt förhållningssätt till inbringad empiri. Studien visar att den förändring som skett i sättet att upphandla har varit ett utökat förfrågningsunderlag från byggherrens sida innefattandes information om BLC och dess syfte och omfattning. Utökningen innehåller också rekommendationer på hur BLC kan komma att användas. Tillägget i förfrågningsunderlaget förs på samma sätt vidare till underentreprenörer när dessa upphandlas av respektive huvudentreprenör. Trots byggherrens vision om ett effektivt och innovativt nyttjande av BLC har denne inte lyckats skapa rätt drivkrafter hos entreprenören för ett sådant användande. Svårigheten har visat sig delvis ligga i att BLC ännu inte fungerar på ett smidigt sätt för dess användare. Man upplever också svårigheter i att kalkylera kostnader för användandet av BLC vilket medfört att byggherren tar den största ekonomiska risken avseende BLC i projekten. Hos entreprenörerna är den övergripande uppfattningen att BLC är överflödigt och inte nödvändigt inom området varför mottagandet varit problematiskt och inställningen till att nyttja BLC negativ. För att utöka användandet av BLC och säkerställa att samtliga aktörer delar samma uppfattning om syftet och behovet av BLC bör byggherren vara mer drivande i denna fråga. Ett tidigt involverande av entreprenörerna i upphandlingsskedet samt gemensamt utformade krav på hur BLC ska användas i kombination med finansiella incitament kan ha en upptinande effekt hos entreprenörerna och öka deras mottaglighet för de förändringar som BLC innebär. / As a step towards a more environmentally friendly and sustainable Stockholm, a logistics center for coordinated construction logistics (BLC) was established in 2013 at Stockholm Royal Seaport, an urban area, at the initiative of the municipality of Stockholm. Coordinated construction logistics of this size is rare in Sweden and BLC requires mandatory affiliation for every developer and contractor in the area. BLC has caused a need for change in the different stakeholders’ working processes during production in order to fully utilize the logistic center. Being affiliated to and using BLC also implies increased costs for the project. That is the reason why discussions occur regarding which stakeholder should take the financial risk. This could be managed during the procurement. Thereof, the aim of the study has been to look at how the ability to adjust to changes that innovations as BLC requires could increase or decrease by the choice of procurement strategies. The intention is thereby to identify whether or not procurement could be used as a tool for change management. The report is a compilation of a case study of two new production projects with an abductive approach. The study is based on an extensive literature study, observations and interviews of participants of the two projects and can be classified as qualitative, empirical research with a hermeneutic approach to obtained empirics. The study shows that the procurement strategies have been affected by BLC in such way that the developer has made an addition to the technical specifications that is handed out when procuring contractions. The addition contains information about the purpose and the scope of BLC. It also includes recommendations for how BLC could be used in an effective and innovative way. The main contractors then in turn forward the extended technical specifications to the subcontractors. Despite the developer’s vision of an effective and innovative use of BLC, the right incentives for such use have not been created. It has been proven that the difficulty lies in the fact that BLC does not yet function smoothly for its users and that the users doesn’t fully understand how BLC functions and its purpose. The stakeholders also find it difficult to estimate the costs of using BLC, which is why the developer has taken the biggest economic risk regarding BLC in the projects. The general opinion among the contractors is that BLC is redundant and not necessary in the area. The reception and adoption has therefore been problematic and the attitude towards using BLC has been negative. In order to expand the use of BLC and ensure that all stakeholders share the same view about the purpose of and the need for BLC the developer should be more proactive in this matter. An early involvement of the contractors in the procurement phase and jointly defined ways of using BLC in combination with financial incentives could have a thawing effect on the contractors and increase their ability to accept and adopt the changes BLC requires.

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