The latest surge of corporate mergers has been characterized by a steadily increasing rate of conglomerate combinations. It would appear that one of the prime motivating factors in conglomerate merger is a firm belief in the principle of "synergism," or the mutually cooperating action of separate substances taken together to produce an effect greater than that of any component taken alone. It would also appear that in such instances wherein there is no direct relationship in regard to raw material source, product development, production technology, or marketing channels, the principle of synergism is not automatic, but must be implemented by appropriate management action. The hypothesis of the study is that the goal of achieving synergism through centrality of management influence has not yet become a reality in conglomerate business organizations as a group. It is the purpose of the study to investigate the degree of centralized management development in a number of management functions and relate this development to success in selected performance areas.

The purpose of this study was to delineate the differences between the types of behavioral management techniques used by teachers of students with emotional/behavioral disorders.

A administração pública brasileira tem uma imagem muito negativa perante a sociedade, o que se deve, em grande medida, a um histórico de ineficiência e práticas patrimonialistas e clientelistas. Para enfrentar o desafio de mudar esse tipo de administração pública, a corrente de pensamento denominada Nova Administração Pública (NAP) ou administração gerencialista, como ficou conhecida no Brasil, propõe novos métodos e técnicas de gestão a ela adaptados, muitos deles oriundos das práticas de empresas privadas. Assim, como outras experiências anteriores de reformas no Estado brasileiro, a NAP também ficou mais restrita ao âmbito federal, sendo poucas as oportunidades de estudá-la em nível subnacional (estados ou municípios), ou mesmo via estudos intraorganizacionais. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar, por meio de um estudo de caso único, a experiência de implantação de alguns dos valores e práticas da Nova Administração Pública num órgão público brasileiro, de nível estadual, historicamente vinculado aos procedimentos típicos da burocracia tradicional. O órgão público pesquisado é o Departamento de Trânsito de São Paulo (Detran-SP), que atualmente está passando por processo de reestruturação, visando mudanças em seu modelo de gestão. Sendo assim, ele se apresenta como um profícuo laboratório para entender e analisar quais são as variáveis mais relevantes para tornar tecnicamente viável o modelo da NAP em nível subnacional. / Public administration in Brazil has a very negative image in society, largely due to a history of inefficiency combined with patrimonial and clientelistic practices. In order to change this type of administration, the school of thought known as New Public Management (NPM) or managerial public administration, as it is commonly known in Brazil proposes new methods and management techniques, many of which are adapted from private business practices. Similarly to other previous Brazilian state reforms, NPM has been restricted to the federal level, rendering it difficult to be observed or studied at subnational (states or municipalities), or even intraorganizational levels. Given this, the aim of this research is to study, through a single case study, the implementation of some of the values and practices of New Public Management in a state-level Brazilian public agency, historically linked to the typical procedures of traditional bureaucracy. The agency studied is the São Paulo Department of Transit (Detran-SP), which is currently undergoing a restructuring process and can be seen as a laboratory to understand and analyze what are the most relevant variables and challenges to make the NPM possible at the Brazilian subnational level.

A evolução da tecnologia da informação, tanto em hardware quanto em software, na última década, proporcionou ao mundo globalizado mudanças significativas na Gestão das organizações privadas e governamentais, permitindo a integração do fluxo de informações de operação ao fluxo de informações de gestão dos processos de produção, através de uma linguagem de programação específica como o CAD e CAM. Como resultado desse processo de evolução, a partir da década de 90, surgiram os Sistemas Integrados de Gestão (ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning) os quais passaram a incorporar os processos de negócio das empresas induzindo-as a mudanças significativas no ambiente de operação, desde os procedimentos mais simples até os mais complexos. É nesse contexto que pesquisadores e profissionais envolvidos com a implantação de tais sistemas constataram que o custo de aquisição, incluindo investimentos em inovações tecnológicas e treinamento, necessários à operação desses sistemas, por si só não garantiu o custo benefício e o retorno dos investimentos realizados, resultados esses não compatíveis com as expectativas geradas no período de implantação, causando em alguns casos perda de eficiência e frustração por parte dos usuários desses sistemas. Tal evidência induziu o autor do presente trabalho ao objetivo geral de elucidar as causas dos insucessos, partindo para a pesquisa descritiva de diferentes empresas, de segmentos distintos, que implantaram os sistemas ERP de diferentes fornecedores disponíveis no mercado. A pesquisa descritiva de campo permitiu esclarecer no âmbito de operação dessas empresas as suas peculiaridades quanto à estrutura do departamento de planejamento e controle da produção e sua integração com suas técnicas auxiliares. Nesse contexto foi possível avaliar a implantação desses sistemas pelas unidades produtivas pesquisadas que tiveram o objetivo de garantir ganhos significativos quanto à redução do tempo de resposta ao atendimento das necessidades dos clientes, com a possibilidade do apontamento de indicadores de desempenho mais precisos, direcionando a pesquisa para a avaliação do papel do PCP como agente facilitador do processo de implantação e como responsável pela aderência ou não desses sistemas ao sistema produtivo. Logo, um estudo mais aprofundado dos conceitos elucidados na literatura quanto aos tempos de processo e, conseqüentemente, aos tempos de resposta de todo o processo de fabricação, enfatizou a necessidade de se estudar a evolução do processo de manufatura ao longo das últimas décadas. A condução da pesquisa ao estudo das fases inerentes ao processo de evolução da manufatura nas últimas décadas, apontou para a divisão do processo de evolução em quatro fases: 1. Manufatura em Massa; 2. Manufatura Enxuta; 3. Manufatura Ágil; 4. Manufatura Responsiva. Nesse cenário, um dos objetivos específicos do trabalho é o de apontar as deficiências dos sistemas ERP em operação nas empresas que tiveram como meta reduções significativas de tempo de processo, com base no estudo das fases descritas, das técnicas auxiliares do PCP e da relação da função tempo com o contexto atual, além dos sistemas de gestão integrada. A revisão bibliográfica detalhada e cinco estudos de caso aqui apresentados formam o corpo deste trabalho. / The evolution of the technology of information, both in hardware and software, during the last decade, have provided to the globalized world significant changes in the Management of private and governmental organizations, allowing the integration of the flow of information of operation with the flow of information of production management processes, by means of specific programming language as CAD and CAM. As a result of this cycle of evolution, which started in the 90\'s, the ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning - was incorporated to the processes of business in companies leading them to significant changes in the operation environment, from the most simple to the most complex procedures. It is in this context that researchers and professionals, involved with the implantation of such systems, had evidenced that the acquisition cost, including investments in technological innovations and training so necessary to the systems operation, did not guarantee the cost benefits and the return of the investments. These results were not compatible with the expectations generated in the implantation period causing, in some cases, loss of efficiency and frustration on the part of the users of these systems. Such evidences lead the author of the present paper to the general objective of elucidating the causes of the failures. The work started from the descriptive research of different companies of distinct segments, which had implanted ERP systems of different available suppliers in the market. The descriptive field research allowed the clarifying of some peculiarities in the scope of operation of the companies as to the structure of their planning department and production control and the integration with supporting techniques. In this context it was possible to evaluate the implantation of these systems, in the considered productive units, which had aimed at guaranteeing significant profits as to the reduction of time of response to customer needs, with the possibility of pointing to more precise performance indicators, thus directing the research to the evaluation of the role of PCP as a facilitator agent in the implantation process and as a responsible one for the observance or not of these systems to the productive scheme. As a result, a broaden study of the concepts, focused on the specific literature, referring to the time of processing and, consequently, to the time of response of all the manufacturing procedures, emphasized the necessity of studying the evolution of the manufacturing process during the last decades. The conduction of the research to the study of inherent phases of the evolution process of manufacturing in the last decades, pointed to the division of the of evolution process in four phases: 1. Mass Manufacturing; 2. Lean Manufacturing (just in time); 3. Agile Manufacturing; 4. Responsive Manufacturing. In this scenario, one of the specific targets of this work is to spot the deficiencies of ERP systems currently in use in the companies which had as a goal significant reductions of processing time, based on the study of the mentioned paradigms, the PCP supporting techniques, and the relation of the function time with the current context, besides the systems of integrated management. The detailed bibliographical revision and five case studies, herein presented, compose the corpus of this work.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-22T22:11:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ELSON-LIMA.pdf: 511151 bytes, checksum: 89913792a1e33d42dd2a7e7c2b53f798 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-07 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The number of companies that are implementing the Project Management methodology in its activities aiming to reach a competitive differential is constantly growing. Despite this fact, currently there are few brazilian enterprises which have their own Project Management model. Even companies that make use of this resource in the contemporaneous globalized and competitive environment need to identify how their labor is utilizing Project Management tools and techniques in their activities. This work presents the results of a case study about Project Management in a laboratory of a Research & Development institution. The objective of this endeavour was the identification of which techniques are more constantly used and which ones are more efficient regarding their competitive performance relating market needs. Besides this fact, it was observed the adherence that exists between theory and practice. The descriptive research was bades upon the building of the research instrument, data collecting and qualitative and quantitative analysis. The study was initiated with a theoretical foundation and the Project Management literature review. After that, the case study was performed, by the application of a questionaire and interviews with the laboratoy s workers, and the compilation of parameters to make a diagnosis of the lab s situation. The conclusion is that the majority of the Project Management techniques, as they are presented in the thesis, is not completely or properly utilized. The team members who work in the lab know the techniques but some do not use them due to the lack of a mechanism that enhance its adoption on a systematic manner. To reach this accomplishment it is necessary to create and facilitate a learning process to these techniques, in order to make them recognizeable and usable according to the need in the project and the contribution they might offer to the projects success. / O número de empresas que está implantando a metodologia de gerenciamento de projetos no desenvolvimento de suas atividades visando alcançar um diferencial competitivo vem crescendo constantemente. Entretanto, ainda existem poucas empresas brasileiras que têm seu próprio modelo de gerenciamento de projetos. Mesmo empresas que já utilizam esse recurso no ambiente globalizado e competitivo contemporâneo precisam identificar como seus colaboradores estão utilizando as técnicas e ferramentas de gerenciamento de projetos em suas atividades. Este trabalho apresenta os resultados de um estudo de caso sobre gerenciamento de projetos em um laboratório pertencente a uma instituição de pesquisa e desenvolvimento. O objetivo deste empreendimento foi identificar quais as técnicas mais utilizadas e quais as mais eficientes em relação ao alcance do diferencial competitivo mediante as exigências do mercado. Além disso, verificou-se a aderência existente entre teoria e prática. A pesquisa descritiva se baseou na construção do instrumento da pesquisa, coleta dos dados e análises quantitativa e qualitativa. O estudo iniciou-se com uma fundamentação teórica e revisão da literatura sobre gerenciamento de projetos, logo em seguida, efetuou-se o estudo de caso aplicando-se o questionário e realizando-se entrevistas com os colaboradores do laboratório estudado onde se conseguiu os parâmetros para diagnosticar o laboratório. Concluiu-se que a maioria das técnicas de gerenciamento de projetos, apresentada no trabalho, não é utilizada em sua totalidade ou apropriadamente. Os membros da equipe do laboratório conhecem as técnicas, mas alguns não as utilizam por falta de um mecanismo que possibilite sua utilização de maneira sistematizada. Para isso é preciso criar e facilitar um processo de aprendizagem para a utilização destas técnicas, de modo que sejam reconhecidas e utilizadas de acordo com a necessidade do projeto e a contribuição que possam oferecer para o sucesso dos projetos.

This thesis concerns the question, "Why is the performance of Six Sigma within The Ford Motor Company below that experienced in other companies, and what can be done to improve it?" The aim of the thesis was to make recommendations that would improve the performance of Six Sigma within the Ford Motor Company. Results from the literature were categorised according to headings found in the European Foundation for Quality Model (EFQM): strategy, people, process and leadership. The key factors identified from the literature review as being significant for a successful Six Sigma deployment were that projects were aligned to the strategy of the organisation, individuals were clear on their role and had appropriate skills, processes were well defined and understood and leadership team was committed to Six Sigma. The research started with a review of the results from two employee surveys. The first was given to Black Belts and asked questions concerning Six Sigma. The second was given to all the employees in the organisation. The survey data failed to identify the cause of lower than expected results, and so the investigation followed with a series of twelve interviews. When these also failed to identify the factor or factors responsible for deployment performance, the project database was reviewed. The Define, Measure, Analyse, Improve and Control steps (DMAIC) were then analysed using Gardner’s Model of Process Maturity. The thesis concluded that the main influence driving Six Sigma performance was the low process maturity of the project selection and scoping processes and this gave rise to variable project performance. The thesis then presents material to improve project performance including a process map, a process Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) of the project selection and scoping process, a control plan that ensures that the projects are on track and a macro using Excel and Minitab that works within the Ford Motor Company system to provide automatic evaluation of projects.

This research focuses on the perspectives and capabilities held by leaders as they seek to develop an effective engagement strategy when leading change. It has brought together aspects of change, leadership, engagement and leadership development theory in seeking to understand what helps and hinders leaders in developing engagement capabilities. The concept of engagement has taken on increasing significance in recent years, due to its link with higher performance and profitability in organisations. Much existing literature focuses on processes that encourage the involvement of others, and measuring engagement using survey questions. The surveys tend to focus on identifying if someone finds meaning in their role, and whether the environment they operate in enables engagement. This research has sought to use research methodologies based on action learning that encourages the development of capabilities enabling engagement, whilst examining the psychological and contextual factors that help and hinder development. The research draws on adult maturity theory which is used as a framework to aid analysis. This theory suggests that the capability to engage may unfold with the maturing process. This theory aligned with the findings resulting in a profile of what engagement looked like at various levels of maturity. This is useful in that by understanding the capabilities associated with engagement at various levels of maturity it supports leaders and HR consultants to identify development required, and potentially can aid the choice of leader for running change programmes. Four key themes were identified during the analysis. Firstly, the impact of context and how it impacts choices made. Secondly, the importance of capabilities associated with authenticity. Thirdly, the link with emotional intelligence. Finally, the importance of developing a learning practice. The implication of this research is that intent to engage is insufficient as is the focus on process and policy aspects of engagement. Engagement capabilities can be developed and the development of the individual needs as much consideration as the need to ensure strategy, policy and process is appropriate for the engagement strategy. It suggests that when considering major change in organisations focus should be placed on the mindset and capabilities of potential change leaders, to identify whether they have the capabilities likely to align to a particular engagement strategy and to support their understanding of their development needs.

Magistro darbe nagrinėjama problema – kaip vadovavimo stilius bei valdymo metodai įtakoja įmonės veiklos efektyvumą, atsižvelgiant į vadovų vertybių orientaciją, susiklosčiusias situacijas, aplinkybes, išanalizuoti ir susisteminti įvairių Lietuvos ir užsienio autorių teoriniai vadovavimo stiliai bei valdymo metodai. Praktinėje dalyje atliktas tyrimas, koks vadovavimo stilius bei valdymo metodai taikomi UAB „Steiga“ ir Panevėžio „Žemynos“ vidurinėje mokykloje. Praktinėje dalyje atliekama surinktų anketinių duomenų analizė. Apžvelgus tyrimo rezultatus, galima konstatuoti, kad statybinės organizacijos „Steiga“ vadovas puoselėja autokratinio vadovavimo požymius, šioje įmonėje dirbantiems darbuotojams dominuojantys yra ekonominiai valdymo metodai. Panevėžio „Žemynos“ vidurinės mokyklos direktorius priskiriamas demokratiško stiliaus vadovui, darbuotojams dažnai taikomi socialiniai-psichologiniai valdymo metodai. Interpretuojant gautus duomenis, pateikiamos išvados ir praktinės rekomendacijos. / Master's work examines the problem - as a leadership style and management methods affect the business performance, taking into account the value orientation of managers, situations, circumstances, analyze and codify the various Lithuanian and foreign authors theoretical leadership styles and management methods. A study carried out in practice, what leadership style and management techniques applied to UAB "Steiga" and Panevėžys "Žemyna" in high school. Practice in a profile analysis of the data collected. Reviewing the results, it can be stated that the building „Steiga“ leader harbors signs of autocratic leadership, the company employed the workers are the dominant economic management methods. Panevėžys "Žemyna" school director assigned a democratic style leader, the workers are often subject to social-psychological approaches to the management. Interpreting the data, draws conclusions and practical recommendations.

The demand for mobile wireless network resources is constantly on the rise, pushing for new communication technologies that are able to support unprecedented rates. In this thesis we address the issue by considering advanced interference management techniques to exploit the available resources more efficiently under relaxed channel state information (CSI) assumptions. While the initial studies focus on current half-duplex (HD) technology, we then move on to full-duplex (FD) communication due to its inherent potential to improve spectral efficiency. Work in this thesis is divided into four main parts as follows. In the first part, we focus on the two-cell two-user-per-cell interference broadcast channel (IBC) and consider the use of topological interference management (TIM) to manage inter-cell interference in an alternating connectivity scenario. Within this context we derive novel outer bounds on the achievable degrees of freedom (DoF) for different system configurations, namely, single-input single-output (SISO), multiple-input single-output (MISO) and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. Additionally, we propose new transmission schemes based on joint coding across states that exploit global topological information at the transmitter to increase achievable DoF. Results show that when a single state has a probability of occurrence equal to one, the derived bounds are tight with up to a twofold increase in achievable DoF for the best case scenario. Additionally, when all alternating connectivity states are equiprobable: the SISO system gains 11/16 DoF, achieving 96:4% of the derived outer bound; while the MISO/MIMO scenario has a gain of 1/2 DoF, achieving the outer bound itself. In the second part, we consider a general G-cell K-user-per-cell MIMO IBC and analyse the performance of linear interference alignment (IA) under imperfect CSI. Having imperfect channel knowledge impacts the effectiveness of the IA beamformers, and leads to a significant amount of residual leakage interference. Understanding the extent of this impact is a fundamental step towards obtaining a performance characterisation that is more relevant to practical scenarios. The CSI error model used is highly versatile, allowing the error to be treated either as a function of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) or as independent of it. Based on this error model, we derive a novel upper bound on the asymptotic mean sum rate loss and quantify the DoF loss due to imperfect CSI. Furthermore, we propose a new version of the maximum signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (Max-SINR) algorithm which takes into account statistical knowledge of the CSI error in order to improve performance over the naive counterpart in the presence of CSI mismatch. In the third part, we shift our attention to FD systems and consider weighted sum rate (WSR) maximisation for multi-user multi-cell networks where FD base-stations (BSs) communicate with HD downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) users. Since WSR problems are non-convex we transform them into weighted minimum mean squared error (WMMSE) ones that are proven to converge. Our analysis is first carried out for perfect CSI and then expanded to cater for imperfect CSI under two types of error models, namely, a norm-bounded error model and a stochastic error model. Additionally, we propose an algorithm that maximises the total DL rate subject to each UL user achieving a desired target rate. Results show that the use of FD BSs provides significant gains in achievable rate over the use of HD BSs, with a gain of 1:92 for the best case scenario under perfect CSI. They also demonstrate the robust performance of the imperfect CSI designs, and confirm that FD outperforms HD even under CSI mismatch conditions. Finally, the fourth part considers the use of linear IA to manage interference in a multi-user multi-cell network with FD BSs and HD users under imperfect CSI. The number of interference links present in such a system is considerably greater than that present in the HD network counterpart; thus, understanding the impact of residual leakage interference on performance is even more important for FD enabled networks. Using the same generalised CSI error model from the second part, we study the performance of IA by characterising the sum rate and DoF losses incurred due to imperfect CSI. Additionally, we propose two novel IA algorithms applicable to this network; the first one is based on minimising the mean squared error (MMSE), while the second is based on Max-SINR. The proposed algorithms exploit statistical knowledge of the CSI error variance in order to improve performance. Moreover, they are shown to be equivalent under certain conditions, even though the MMSE based one has lower computational complexity. Furthermore for the multi-cell case, we also derive the proper condition for IA feasibility.

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No. of bitstreams: 13 REFERÊNCIAS.pdf: 82537 bytes, checksum: 0680a12feac9455492cfc4d0cb2c9116 (MD5) parte II - cap 8 - conclusao.pdf: 85316 bytes, checksum: a3cfd851dde62f994c6dc539285a7994 (MD5) parte II - cap 7 - Analisando as motivacoes para a mudanca.pdf: 127174 bytes, checksum: 6f5707d4b9bc1efde7047c82807bb9ef (MD5) parte II - cap 6 - Analisando as inovacoes gerenciais.pdf: 99162 bytes, checksum: 3134b4385ea07445d0d1125dc25c9ece (MD5) parte II - cap 5 - Procedimentos Metodologicos.pdf: 179048 bytes, checksum: 2498eceb6ad3d608f8c47044e7e2bb6a (MD5) parte II - cap 4 - Organizações hospitalares.pdf: 128679 bytes, checksum: 2973a1386dba2f278df2a1eda2498341 (MD5) parte I - cap 3 - Difusão e adoção de Inovações gerenciais.pdf: 212201 bytes, checksum: d61594900668578320df43bfaa30eb96 (MD5) parte I - cap 2 - Organizacoes e ambiente.pdf: 64894 bytes, checksum: 9175038c486f3efbcc997185a3a72778 (MD5) parte I - cap 1 - Introdução.pdf: 57333 bytes, checksum: 15c5983bb7ffb4f5712da46402e82848 (MD5) apresentacao.pdf: 62256 bytes, checksum: d38f3152f3f62e248acf692f8d85922e (MD5) apendice A - Instrumento de coleta de dados.pdf: 105229 bytes, checksum: 8bd92e24ac79de1c18f2a4106c6240d7 (MD5) anexo B - protocolo.pdf: 51336 bytes, checksum: 23fd3eaa84899c5be1b5700c4222886b (MD5) anexo A - organizacoes acreditadas.pdf: 24570 bytes, checksum: 6369d15d8a4fad31572c33c77cecc1ac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003 / O objetivo desta dissertação foi analisar o processo de adoção de inovações, concentrando-se nas motivações que o determinam e nos seus principais fatores de influência. Utiliza-se o aporte teórico da teoria institucional para compreensão do papel do ambiente nessas motivações e de sua dinâmica na estruturação e desenvolvimento das organizações. Como campo empírico, toma-se o setor hospitalar privado de Salvador, que vem passando por várias mudanças, dentre as quais foca-se na adoção de novas técnicas de gestão. A partir de uma concepção de inovação que se fundamenta na percepção do adotante, procura-se identificar as motivações atribuídas por gestores de instituições hospitalares privadas para o desenvolvimento desse processo, com o pressuposto da prevalência de fatores externos. Para tanto, realiza-se um levantamento com gestores de doze hospitais privados de Salvador, a partir de entrevistas estruturadas. A esta coleta de dados, acrescentam-se também informações obtidas por outros profissionais do setor, pesquisa documental e bibliográfica. Identificou-se que os fatores que exerceram mais influência para adoção dessas inovações não se limitam a fatores externos, mas correspondem a aspectos ambientais, a partir de uma concepção institucionalista de ambiente. São esses os fatores principais: a pressão exercida pelas fontes pagadoras – os planos de saúde – e a profissionalização do setor, que possibilita uma nova cultura e visão gerencial para essas instituições. Adicionalmente, são identificados fatores internos de influência no processo de inovação organizacional nessas instituições. / Salvador