Examensarbete, civilekonomprogrammet, Ekonomihögskolan vid Linnéuniversitetet, ekonomistyrning, 4FE03E, VT 2013 Titel: Lean Productions påverkan på ekonomistyrningen - En fallstudie inom Gnutti   Powertrain AB Bakgrund: Allt mer konkurrensutsatta marknader har inneburit att företag sökt nya sätt att utveckla och effektivisera sina verksamheter. Detta har resulterat i att många företag valt att införa produktionsstrategin Lean Production. Flera forskare har påvisat att den traditionella ekonomistyrningen inte är anpassad till och lämplig för företag som använder produktionsstrategin Lean Production. Detta har inneburit att den traditionella ekonomistyrningen måste förändras och utvecklas för att kunna stödja de förändringar som den nya produktionsstrategin ger upphov till. Därmed blev det intressant att studera ett enskilt fallföretag för att identifiera om och hur detta företag har förändrat sin ekonomistyrning till följd av användandet av Lean Production.  Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att utifrån det enskilda fallet Gnutti Powertrain AB bidra med en förståelse för hur ekonomistyrningens utformning och användning påverkas av användandet av den avancerade produktionsstrategin Lean Production. Studien syftar även till att identifiera och beskriva vilka ytterligare förändringar som Gnutti Powertrain ABs ekonomistyrningen kan behöva genomgå för att stödja företagets nya produktionsstrategi. Metod: Uppsatsen är en kvalitativ studie bestående av en fallstudie av det tillverkande företaget Gnutti Powertrain AB. Insamlingen av data har primärt bestått av intervjuer men innefattas också av direkta observationer och insamlad dokumentation som exempelvis information från affärssystemet, årsredovisningar och företagsdokument.   Resultat, slutsatser: Resultaten i denna studie visar på att användandet av Lean Production leder till olika typer av produktions- och organisatoriska förändringar vilka påverkar utformningen och användningen av ekonomistyrningen. Det påvisas också att fallföretaget förändrat ekonomistyrningen, inom områdena redovisning, budgetering, kalkylering och prestationsmätning, till följd av införandet av Lean Production. Genom en omfattande analys av fallföretagets nuvarande ekonomistyrning har det också identifierats och beskrivits ytterligare förändringar som fallföretagets ekonomistyrning kan genomgå. Förslagen utgörs av en metod som kan användas för att identifiera och utvärdera de operativa förbättringarnas påverkan på det finansiella resultatet samt hur företaget kan förbättra sitt kalkyleringsförfarande genom att utveckla arbetet med Value Stream Costing. / Master thesis, Program of Master of Science in Business and Economics, School of Business and Economics at Linneaus University in Växjö, 4FE03E, Spring 2013 Title:  Lean Production's influence on management accounting - A case study on Gnutti Powertrain AB. Background: Due to more and more competitive markets, companies have searched for new ways to develop and streamline their operations.  This has lead to the fact that many companies have choosen to implement the production strategy Lean Production. Several scientists have demonstrated that the traditional management accounting is not adapted to nor suitable for companies that use the production strategy Lean Production.  This has meant that the traditional management accounting has had to change and be developed in order to be able to support  the changes that the new production strategy give rise to. Thus, it became interesting to study a specific case of a company to identify if, and how this company has changed its management accounting as a result of using Lean Production.  Purpose: The purpose with this study is, that by studying the single case of Gnutti Powertrain AB, to contribute with an understanding of how the management accounting's design and application are influenced by the use of the advanced production strategy Lean Production. The study also intends to identify and describe what additional changes Gnutti Powertrain AB's management accounting might have to experience in order to support the company's new production strategy. Methods: The thesis is a qualitative study consisting of a case study of the manufacturing company Gnutti Powertrain AB. The collection of data has primarily consisted of interviews, but also includes direct observations, and collected documentation, like for example; information from the business system, annual reports, and corporate documents. Results, conclusions: The results in this study show that the use of Lean Production leads to different types of production- and organizational changes which affect the design and use of management accounting. It is also detected that, as a result of the introduction of Lean Production, the  case company has changed the management accounting, within the areas of accounting, budgeting, calculation, and performance measurement. Through an extensive analysis of the case company's present management accounting,  it has also been identified and demonstrated further changes that the company's management accounting can undergo. The proposals are comprised of a method that can be used to identify and evaluate the operative improvement's influence on the financial result, together with how the company can improve its calculation method by developing the work with Value Stream Costing.

Budgetary control has been used and researched for years by both Western academics and practitioners. In China, it is re-emerging as a tool to implement management control, but might be used in different ways both in terms of understanding and operation. The research objective of this thesis is to examine the applicability of Western theories of change in management accounting in the context of budgeting in Chinese corporations. Challenges can exist because of the differences between Western assumptions and Chinese reality. The current thesis focuses on difficulties Chinese companies encounter in practical and deeper ideological ways: firstly, Western market-based ideology conflicts with an ideology which has been shaped by central-planning for decades; secondly, difficulties stem from the different cultural context of China which emphasizes hierarchical politeness, kinship ties, trust based on personal relationships, collectivism and social harmony, diligence and individual modesty, and less developed modern legal regulatory systems – these all contribute to China’s own way of doing things. This thesis also focuses on the transition process in China. Based on the assumption that budgetary changes do not happen in isolation from other management accounting changes, this thesis discusses these changes which synchronically took place while the case-study companies were implementing budgetary systems. This thesis adopts a longitudinal and in-depth qualitative case study research design, after adjustments made during the learning experience of the pilot study. It takes an interpretive and constructive philosophical underpinning, which allows the researcher to observe and understand the process of change, as well as the differences between Chinese practices and Western theories. Findings show that certain Western management accounting theories of change and Western theories of budgeting work in the case study Chinese corporations. Management accounting theories using an interpretive approach (for example, Berry et al., 1985; Scapens and Roberts, 1993; Ahrens and Chapman, 2002) lead the researcher to interpret management accounting practices from the practitioner’s points of view, and they have provided a range of terms to explain success or failure of management accounting changes. This approach together with Scapens et al.’s Institutional theory approach in management accounting have been found especially useful, in explaining the differences between Chinese vs. Western context. Furthermore, the contingency theory approach in management accounting gives a ‘platform’ which allows the researcher to assess a wide range of possible factors and their relationships with budgetary systems in studied companies. This approach is found useful in this thesis to present changes in other management accounting perspectives. Last but not least, this thesis finds existing Western literature in technical perspective of budgetary objectives, budgetary evaluation and participation, and budgetary effectiveness useful in a different context of China. By describing the change management process, an aspect which is not addressed frequently in the research literature, this thesis argues that to sufficiently understand Chinese companies’ budgetary changes, one also needs to understand unique cultural, social-economical and religious circumstances, and to adjust literature and methodology to adapt to these circumstances. This thesis provides an empirical experience concerning these issues. This thesis contributes to the understanding of management accounting change in China, and the tension which exists when Chinese companies are moving into Western management accounting practices.

Environmental issues are of increasing concern to citizens, governmental personnel and corporate leaders in most countries all around the world. There is a growing consensus that conventional accounting practices simply do not provide adequate information to support decisionmaking in environmental management. Simply defined, environmental management accounting is management accounting with a focus on physical information on the flow of energy, water, products and materials as well as monetary information on environmental costs and revenues, and projects related to environmental protection. It is not a different method, but simply a mechanism of doing management accounting in an improved manner. When environmental management accounting is well designed and implement it should ensure better internal management and value-added decisionmaking. Ultimately, environmental management accounting is simply doing better comprehensive management accounting while wearing an environmental hat. This study evaluates the awareness of environmental management accounting in the chemical industry. A questionnaire was administrated to a selected group of par-ticipants. All participants in the study are employees from the chemical industry in South Africa. The selection of participants was based on their knowledge, expertise and understanding of environmental practices, challenges and problems in their respective organisations. Different functional roles from different types of chemical companies were identified to participate. The findings of this study indicated that there is a good level of awareness of environ-mental management accounting in the South African chemical industry. Most orga-nisations are applying sound environmental practices and are adopting environ-mental strategies and different tools to improve their current status. Different levels of awareness exist between different types of chemical industries and between different functional roles in the respective organisations. Operational and capital environ-mental information are disclosed and organisations do generate and record information on physical and monetary environmental management accounting. / MBA, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

Environmental issues are an increasing concern for various stakeholders in the mining industry. To address these concerns, managements of mining companies should embrace sustainable mining practices in their daily decision making processes. Internal decision making processes are strongly dependent on the quality of data included in reports used by management. Currently environmental issues are only considered as a separate item which is attached to the annual financial statements. No link is made between the environmental performance of the mine and the economic performance that is achieved. To achieve greater acknowledgement by management of the importance of controlling environmental costs on a daily basis, environmental costs need to be identifiable in internal management reports, including management accounting reports. Various methods are available with which the value of environmental inputs and outputs can accurately be determined. If these values are correctly integrated into information systems, reporting these environmental costs will be possible, allowing a mining company to consider triple-bottom-line reporting. The goal of this study is to assist mining companies, specifically platinum mining, in measuring and reporting on environmental costs by setting up a framework. This framework will be formulated by means of conducting a thorough study of the recent and current literature pertaining to the measurement methods of environmental costs upon which a comparison will be drawn between this theory and the actual measurement and reporting of environmental costs by means of case study research. A gap analysis has identified the problems that platinum mines are experiencing, and consequently, the framework created will assist platinum mines in introducing the reporting of environmental costs. A case study on a platinum mine was done in order to evaluate the current measurement methods and reporting on environmental costs. The collected data was analysed through explanation building and an organisational-level logic model was developed in order to understand the reasons that costs are recorded and reported on by using the method currently applied in the case study principal. This organisational-level logic model will assist in identifying problems within the current costing method in relation to environmental cost measurement and reporting. The findings identified by the case study were compared to the theory underlying environmental management accounting after which a gap analysis identified the problems that platinum mines experience. Based on the findings of the gap analysis, a framework was developed to assist platinum mines in closing the gap that has been identified. The framework, if applied within an organisation will assist mining companies in expanding their current reporting on environmental issues to an in-depth review of environmental impacts which can be linked to the achievement of economic performance. This will allow a step forward in triplebottom- line reporting as the value of environmental costs has been identified as the missing link in current financial reports. The framework could not be tested as the application of the framework requires a procedural change within the organisation which needs to be approved at top management level. This limitation does, however, open the possibility for a follow up study. Additional reporting on environmental costs will help management in adding value and quality to daily and overall decision making processes. This hypothesis can be tested in possible future studies which involve multiple-case studies and which will extend the framework to include a decision making matrix. / MCom (Management Accountancy), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Environmental issues are of increasing concern to citizens, governmental personnel and corporate leaders in most countries all around the world. There is a growing consensus that conventional accounting practices simply do not provide adequate information to support decisionmaking in environmental management. Simply defined, environmental management accounting is management accounting with a focus on physical information on the flow of energy, water, products and materials as well as monetary information on environmental costs and revenues, and projects related to environmental protection. It is not a different method, but simply a mechanism of doing management accounting in an improved manner. When environmental management accounting is well designed and implement it should ensure better internal management and value-added decisionmaking. Ultimately, environmental management accounting is simply doing better comprehensive management accounting while wearing an environmental hat. This study evaluates the awareness of environmental management accounting in the chemical industry. A questionnaire was administrated to a selected group of par-ticipants. All participants in the study are employees from the chemical industry in South Africa. The selection of participants was based on their knowledge, expertise and understanding of environmental practices, challenges and problems in their respective organisations. Different functional roles from different types of chemical companies were identified to participate. The findings of this study indicated that there is a good level of awareness of environ-mental management accounting in the South African chemical industry. Most orga-nisations are applying sound environmental practices and are adopting environ-mental strategies and different tools to improve their current status. Different levels of awareness exist between different types of chemical industries and between different functional roles in the respective organisations. Operational and capital environ-mental information are disclosed and organisations do generate and record information on physical and monetary environmental management accounting. / MBA, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

Environmental issues are an increasing concern for various stakeholders in the mining industry. To address these concerns, managements of mining companies should embrace sustainable mining practices in their daily decision making processes. Internal decision making processes are strongly dependent on the quality of data included in reports used by management. Currently environmental issues are only considered as a separate item which is attached to the annual financial statements. No link is made between the environmental performance of the mine and the economic performance that is achieved. To achieve greater acknowledgement by management of the importance of controlling environmental costs on a daily basis, environmental costs need to be identifiable in internal management reports, including management accounting reports. Various methods are available with which the value of environmental inputs and outputs can accurately be determined. If these values are correctly integrated into information systems, reporting these environmental costs will be possible, allowing a mining company to consider triple-bottom-line reporting. The goal of this study is to assist mining companies, specifically platinum mining, in measuring and reporting on environmental costs by setting up a framework. This framework will be formulated by means of conducting a thorough study of the recent and current literature pertaining to the measurement methods of environmental costs upon which a comparison will be drawn between this theory and the actual measurement and reporting of environmental costs by means of case study research. A gap analysis has identified the problems that platinum mines are experiencing, and consequently, the framework created will assist platinum mines in introducing the reporting of environmental costs. A case study on a platinum mine was done in order to evaluate the current measurement methods and reporting on environmental costs. The collected data was analysed through explanation building and an organisational-level logic model was developed in order to understand the reasons that costs are recorded and reported on by using the method currently applied in the case study principal. This organisational-level logic model will assist in identifying problems within the current costing method in relation to environmental cost measurement and reporting. The findings identified by the case study were compared to the theory underlying environmental management accounting after which a gap analysis identified the problems that platinum mines experience. Based on the findings of the gap analysis, a framework was developed to assist platinum mines in closing the gap that has been identified. The framework, if applied within an organisation will assist mining companies in expanding their current reporting on environmental issues to an in-depth review of environmental impacts which can be linked to the achievement of economic performance. This will allow a step forward in triplebottom- line reporting as the value of environmental costs has been identified as the missing link in current financial reports. The framework could not be tested as the application of the framework requires a procedural change within the organisation which needs to be approved at top management level. This limitation does, however, open the possibility for a follow up study. Additional reporting on environmental costs will help management in adding value and quality to daily and overall decision making processes. This hypothesis can be tested in possible future studies which involve multiple-case studies and which will extend the framework to include a decision making matrix. / MCom (Management Accountancy), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Syfte Vårt syfte med denna uppsats är att beskriva och förklara controllers olika roller i två stora företag som arbetar med sin controllerfunktion på olika nivåer. Vi vill skapa en fördjupad förståelse för controllerrollen och hur rollen påverkas av förväntningar från olika nivåer i företaget och controllerns position i företaget. Bakgrund Controllerrollen är under ständig förändring och det finns mycket forskning kring controllers. Det finns dock ett kunskapsgap som vi vill fylla när det gäller hur controllers roller påverkas utifrån förväntningar och position i företaget. Problemformulering Hur påverkar förväntningar och position i företaget controllers roller i ett företag? Metod Denna kvalitativa undersökning bygger på en induktiv ansats för att försöka fördjupa läsarens förståelse för området. Insamlade teorier och genomförda intervjuer tolkas genom ett hermeneutiskt synsätt. Vi har genomfört intervjuer på två stora svenska företag med sex olika controllers. Slutsats Varje controllerroll är unik och det är svårt att kategorisera controllers i bestämda fack. För varje controller som undersöks uppstår en ny kombination av controllerroller. Osäkerhet i rollen kan leda till att controllers tar hjälp av sin chef för att prioritera i sin roll. Överlag har controllers ingen formell beslutsmakt utan är indirekt aktiva i beslutsfattandet genom att ta fram beslutsunderlag, och besitter därigenom informell makt istället. Controllers roller påverkas även av ledningens tillit och graden av frihet som tilldelas controllern. Genom att controllers agerar flexibelt kan de motverka rolltvetydighet. Controllers påverkas även av var de är positionerad i företaget då de förväntas vara mest lojala mot den delen av organisationen de är anställda i. / Purpose Our purpose of this paper is to describe and explain the controllers different roles in two large companies who work with their controller function at various levels. We want to create a deeper understanding of controller roles and how the role is influenced by expectations from various levels of the company and the controller's position in the company. Background The controller role is constantly changing and there is much research on the controllers. However, there is a knowledge gap we want to fill in terms of how expectations and position in the company affects controllers roles. Research question How do expectations and position in the company affect controllers roles in a company? Methods This qualitative study is based on an inductiv approach to try to deepen the reader's understanding of the area. Collected theories and conducted interviews are interpreted by a hermeneutic approach. We conducted interviews at two large Swedish company with six different controllers. Conclusion Each controller role is unique and it is difficult to categorize the controllers in specific compartments. With every studied controller there is a new combination of controller roles. Insecurity in the role can result in controllers taking help of his boss to priority in their role. Overall, controllers have no formal power in decision making but is indirectly active in decision-making by providing decision basic data, and instead posses informal power in decision making. Controllers roles are also affected by the trust of the management and the degree of freedom controllers have been assigned. By acting flexible, controllers can work against role ambiguity. The position in the company also affects the controllers as they are expected to be most loyal to the part of the organization they are employed in.

Lean system has drawn the attention of researchers and practitioners since its emergence in 1950s. This has been reflected by the increasing number of companies attempting to implement its practices and the large number of researchers investigating its effectiveness and identifying important contextual factors which affect its implementation. The rising level of interest in lean system has led to the emergence of three distinctive streams of literature. The first stream of literature has focused on the effectiveness of lean system. However, this literature was limited as it mainly examined the additive impact of lean practices on operational performance in the manufacturing context. The second stream of literature has focused on the role the accounting system in the lean context. In this body of literature, there was an agreement among researchers on the superiority of activity-based costing system (ABC) over the traditional accounting system in supporting the implementation of lean practices. However, most studies in this strand of literature were either conceptual or case-based studies. The third stream of literature has focused on the fit between business strategy and lean system. However, inconclusive results were reported in relation to the suitability of lean system to firms adopting the differentiation strategy and others adopting the cost leadership strategy. The aim of this study is to develop and empirically test a conceptual model which integrates the three distinctive streams of literature to extend their focus and overcome their limitations. More specifically, the model developed in the current study highlights not only the additive impact of lean practices but also the possible synergy among those practices in improving both operational and financial performance of service firms. In addition, the model brings to light the potential intervening role of ABC in the strategy-lean association. After identifying and reviewing the relevant literature, the socio-technical system theory and contingency theory were used to develop the conceptual model and associated hypotheses. A questionnaire instrument was designed to collect empirical data which was supplemented by objective data from the Financial Analysis Made Easy database in order to empirically test the conceptual model using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The findings of this study indicated that while the technical practices of lean service improved only the operational performance of service firms, the social practices enhanced both operational and financial performance. In addition, the two sets of practices positively interacted to improve firm performance over and above the improvement achieved from each set separately. Moreover, ABC was found to have a positive association with lean practice, and consequently an indirect positive relation with firm operational performance. Finally, both the differentiation and cost leadership strategy had a direct positive relationship with lean practices. However, while ABC was found to partially mediate the differentiation-lean association, it suppressed the cost leadership-lean association leading to a case of inconsistent mediation. The current study contributes to the current literature at different levels. First, at the theoretical level, this study develops a conceptual framework which crosses different streams of literatures mainly, lean system literature, management accounting literature (with focus on ABC), and business strategy literature. Unlike previous studies, by integrating the perspective of socio-technical system theory and contingency theory, the model (i) highlights not only the additive but also the synergistic effect of lean service practices on firm performance, (ii) brings to light the direct impact of ABC and business strategy on lean service practices and the intervening role of ABC due to which the business strategy is assumed to have also an indirect influence on lean practices, and (iii) offers an alternative view on how ABC can improve firm performance by enhancing other organisational capabilities (lean practices) which are expected to improve performance . Second, at the methodological level, unlike previous studies, this study includes a large number of lean service practices and contextual variables to report more precisely on the lean-performance association. In addition, the inclusion of the financial performance dimension-measured by secondary data- in the model besides the operational performance is critical to understand the full capability of lean service in improving firm performance. Further, employing a powerful statistical technique (PLS-SEM) provides more credibility to the results reported in this study. Third, at the empirical level, this study is conducted in the UK service sector. As such, this study is one of the very few studies that have reported on lean service and examined how the adoption of ABC and a specific type of business strategy can affect its implementation using empirical survey data from this context.

Sammanfattning   Titel: Balanserat styrkort – vad skulle det kunna tillföra verksamhetsstyrningen i små och medelstora företag?   Nivå: Kandidatuppsats   Författare: Johan Björk                     Tommy Granath   Handledare: Stig Sörling och Tomas Källquist   Datum: 2014 - Maj   Problem: Tidigare forskning tyder på att verksamhetsstyrningen i små och medelstora företag kan behöva kompletteras och att ett balanserat styrkort skulle kunna vara ett lämpligt verktyg för detta. Trots det används inte ett balanserat styrkort i någon större utsträckning i små och medelstora företag vilket medfört att flertalet forskare efterlyst mer forskning kring hur ett balanserat styrkort skulle kunna påverka verksamhetsstyrningen i små och medelstora företag.   Syfte: Syftet med studien är att belysa vad ett balanserat styrkort skulle kunna tillföra verksamhetsstyrningen i små och medelstora företag.   Metod: Studien har genomförts med en hermeneutisk forskningsansats. En kvalitativ ansats har använts där data samlats in genom fjorton semistrukturerade intervjuer med respondenter som representerar olika företag. Dessa har sedan analyserats inom ramen för tre stycken teoretiskt framarbetade teman.   Bidrag: Studien belyser att ett balanserat styrkort skulle kunna tillföra verksamhetsstyrningen i små och medelstora företag följande aspekter: helhetsbild ur fyra perspektiv, kontroll över viktiga faktorer, som verktyg för strategi implementering, komplettera budgetarbetet samt ge underlag för välgrundade beslut.   Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Vi har genom vår studie tagit fram två förslag på vidare studier: -       Det vore intressant med en studie som studerar vilka specifika karaktärsdrag ledare i små och medelstora företag anser att de karakteriseras av för att med den utgångspunkten resonera kring vad ett balanserat styrkort kan tillföra verksamhetsstyrningen i små och medelstora företag. -       Nästa studie som vore intressant är en studie som fokuserar på hur generation tre av ett balanserat styrkort skulle kunna anpassas för att stämma överens med de för små och medelstora företag specifika karaktärsdragen.   Nyckelord: SMEs, balanserat styrkort, verksamhetsstyrning, prestationsmätning / Abstract   Title: Balanced scorecard – what could it bring to management accounting in small and medium enterprises?   Level: Bachelor Thesis   Author: Johan Björk                Tommy Granath   Supervisor: Stig Sörling and Tomas Källquist   Date: 2014 - May   Problem: Previous research suggests that management accounting in small and medium enterprises need to be supplemented and that a balanced scorecard could be a appropriate tool for this. Despite this it has shown that a balanced scorecard is not used to any significant extent in small and medium enterprises. Because of this many scientists called for more research about how a balanced scorecard could affect management accounting in small and medium enterprises.   Aim: The purpose of this study is to lighten what a balanced scorecard could bring to management accounting in small and medium enterprises.   Method: This study has been based on a hermeneutic research approach. A qualitative approach was used where data was collected through fourteen semi-structured interviews with respondents who represented different companies. These were then analyzed in the context of three theoretically derived themes.   Contributions: The study lighten that a balanced scorecard could bring an overview from four perspectives, control over key factors, as a tool for strategy implementation, to supplement the budget and to provide a base for informed decisions to the management accounting of small and medium enterprises.   Suggestions for future research: Through our study we have developed two proposals for further studies: -       It would be interesting with a study which studies the key characteristics that leaders in small and medium enterprises believe they are characterized of, and with that point of view discuss what a balanced scorecard could bring to management accounting in small and medium enterprises. -       Next study that would be interesting is a study that focuses on how to adopt generation three of a balanced scorecard to conform to the key characteristics of small and medium enterprises.   Key words: SMEs, balanced scorecard, management accounting, performance measurement

Corporate governance (CG) has recently received much attention because of the wave of financial scandals in the early 2000s and the more recent global financial crisis. CG reforms, including laws, codes and listing rules have been established to protect shareholders’ rights and restore investors’ confidence in the capital market. These reforms have largely contributed to the evolution of internal and external governance mechanisms that are aimed at mitigating agency conflicts between managers and shareholders. However, overemphasis has been placed on the monitoring and control dimensions of governance, which may hinder entrepreneurial activities, obscure business prosperity and contribute to a narrow perspective on CG. It has been argued that there is a need to broaden CG beyond compliance (conformance) to a set of rules and laws, to include the performance aspects of governance that focus on strategy and value creation. In other words, governance should not only focus on monitoring managerial performance to ensure accountability to shareholders, but also on mechanisms that motivate management to optimise shareholders’ wealth. Enterprise governance (EG) framework has been introduced to keep the balance between the conformance and performance dimensions of governance. However, few studies address the possible tension between conformance and performance. Moreover, there is no agreement among these studies on the relationship between conformance and performance in the governance context. Arguably, Value-based Management (VBM) is an appropriate approach to address the issue of EG. VBM adopts value creation as an overall objective, develops a strategy that contributes to value creation and integrates it into decision-making. In this way, VBM can act as an effective mechanism for motivating management to maximise shareholder wealth, which works in parallel with other CG mechanisms, to mitigate agency conflicts resulting from the separation between ownership and management. This study aims to develop a contingency framework of EG through operationalising the conformance using CG and performance using corporate entrepreneurship (CE). This framework examines the inter-relationships between VBM, compliance with the Combined Code on Corporate Governance (CCCG), CE and the ultimate effect on organisational performance. More specifically, the study empirically examines the effect of compliance with the CCCG on CE, and whether VBM can achieve a balance between compliance with the CCCG and CE, should a conflict exist. The study also examines whether a fit between contingency variables (company size, agency conflicts, uncertainty, strategy and decentralisation), VBM, compliance with the CCCG codes and CE is associated with organisational performance. To achieve the aim of this study a cross-sectional survey, based on a questionnaire, is conducted to identify the level of VBM implementation, contextual and organisational factors in the large and medium quoted companies in the UK. The questionnaire targets the Chief Financial Officers (CFOs) in these companies as key informants. In addition, a content analysis of the annual reports of the sampled companies is undertaken to measure the level of compliance with the CCCG. Financial data (e.g. organisational performance) have been obtained from the DataStream, Fame and Thomson One Banker databases. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) is adopted for data analysis and hypotheses testing. The results suggest that VBM implementation is positively associated with agency conflicts, low cost strategies and decentralisation. Compliance with the CCCG is positively associated with agency conflicts and company size. CE is positively associated with company size, uncertainty and differentiation strategies. In addition, the fit between compliance with the CCCG and contingency factors significantly predicts the marketbased performance. The fit between CE and the contingency factors significantly predict the perceived performance. However, the results regarding the effect of VBM on organisational performance are mixed. While VBM has no significant direct effect on the market-based performance, VBM has indirect positive effect on the market-based performance acting through compliance with the CCCG as an intervening variable. VBM is significantly associated with compliance with the CCCG but not with CE. No evidence is found for negative association between compliance with the CCCG and CE. The results support a large number of the proposed relationships between the contingency factors, VBM, compliance with the CCCG and CE. The results also suggest that using both compliance with the CCCG and CE as intervening variables in the relationship between VBM and organisational performance contributes to explaining the mixed results in the VBM literature. In terms of the EG framework, VBM does not keep a balance between conformance and performance. VBM emphasises the compliance with the CCCG (conformance) at the expense of CE (performance). The results did not provide significant evidence of a conflict between compliance with the CCCG and CE, the area which lacks empirical evidence. This study contributes to the literature at different levels. At the theoretical level, this study develops a theoretical model that links a performance management system (PMS), i.e. VBM, to CG practices and CE. This model attempts to bridge the gap between different disciplines, including management accounting, CG and entrepreneurship. Furthermore, combining both the contingency theory and the agency theory lenses contributes to the development of a comprehensive model of EG. At the methodological level, unlike previous studies, this study measures VBM practices on a continuum, rather than categories. Multiple data collection methods are used, and a powerful statistical technique (PLS-SEM) is adopted for data analysis. At the empirical level, the study is conducted in the UK. Though it is different from the US in many aspects, very few studies have been conducted in this context in many research areas such as VBM, CG and CE.