The present study was an attempt to further investigate what factors contributed to whether married individuals defined their relationship as traditional or nontraditional. The project, moreover, explored what variables affected marital adjustment levels. The variables whose effects were assessed regarding whether married individuals defined their relationship as traditional or nontraditional included self-actualization and presence or absence of children. The factors examined thought to affect marital adjustment levels were self-actualization, subjective definition of the relationship as traditional or nontraditional, and presence or absence of children.

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Un diagnostic de cancer du sein met la relation d’un couple à l'épreuve. La communication à propos du cancer peut aider les conjoints à s’appuyer mutuellement afin de mieux s’adapter à la maladie. Cependant, dans la documentation existante, peu d’échelles mesurent explicitement cette forme de communication. Ce projet avait pour but de valider l’échelle de communication des couples aux prises avec le cancer (CCC). Les patientes (N = 120) et leurs conjoints (N = 109) ont été interrogés au sujet de leur expérience avec le cancer du sein. Une analyse factorielle performé sur l’ensemble des données a permis de retenir deux facteurs pour l’échelle CCC, l’évitement et l’ouverture à la communication. L’échelle a démontré une bonne validité convergente avec le Primary Communication Inventory (r = .54, p <.01 patientes; r = .55, p <.01 partenaires). Finalement, l’échelle CCC prédit la dépression (Δr² = 0.029) et l’ajustement marital (Δr² = 0.032) au-delà de la communication générale. Avec plus ample développement, l'échelle actuelle pourrait servir à des fins de recherche ainsi que dans des contextes cliniques où une évaluation après un diagnostic de cancer permettrait, au besoin, la mise en oeuvre précoce d’interventions sur la communication conjugale au propos de la maladie. / A diagnosis of breast cancer powerfully challenges a couple’s relationship. Couple illness communication is one way couples offer each other mutual support, allowing for better illness adjustment. However, in the existing literature, few scales explicitly measure couple illness communication. The goals of the present study were to validate the Couple Cancer Communication scale (CCC) and to examine the association between CCC and cancer-related adjustment outcomes. Patients (N = 120) and their spouses (N = 109) were interviewed regarding their experience with breast cancer. A two factor solution was retained for the CCC scale, avoidance and openness to communication. It demonstrated good convergent validity with the Primary Communication Inventory (r = .54, p <.01 for patients; r = .55, p <.01 for partners). Finally, the CCC scale significantly predicted both depression (Δr² = 0.029) and marital adjustment (Δr² = 0.032) scores above and beyond general communication. With further development, the CCC could be a useful tool as an assessment measure in a life-threatening disease. The present scale, in conjunction with other sources of information, could be used in future research and clinical settings when attempting to assess illness-related communication and related outcomes.

Un diagnostic de cancer du sein met la relation d’un couple à l'épreuve. La communication à propos du cancer peut aider les conjoints à s’appuyer mutuellement afin de mieux s’adapter à la maladie. Cependant, dans la documentation existante, peu d’échelles mesurent explicitement cette forme de communication. Ce projet avait pour but de valider l’échelle de communication des couples aux prises avec le cancer (CCC). Les patientes (N = 120) et leurs conjoints (N = 109) ont été interrogés au sujet de leur expérience avec le cancer du sein. Une analyse factorielle performé sur l’ensemble des données a permis de retenir deux facteurs pour l’échelle CCC, l’évitement et l’ouverture à la communication. L’échelle a démontré une bonne validité convergente avec le Primary Communication Inventory (r = .54, p <.01 patientes; r = .55, p <.01 partenaires). Finalement, l’échelle CCC prédit la dépression (Δr² = 0.029) et l’ajustement marital (Δr² = 0.032) au-delà de la communication générale. Avec plus ample développement, l'échelle actuelle pourrait servir à des fins de recherche ainsi que dans des contextes cliniques où une évaluation après un diagnostic de cancer permettrait, au besoin, la mise en oeuvre précoce d’interventions sur la communication conjugale au propos de la maladie. / A diagnosis of breast cancer powerfully challenges a couple’s relationship. Couple illness communication is one way couples offer each other mutual support, allowing for better illness adjustment. However, in the existing literature, few scales explicitly measure couple illness communication. The goals of the present study were to validate the Couple Cancer Communication scale (CCC) and to examine the association between CCC and cancer-related adjustment outcomes. Patients (N = 120) and their spouses (N = 109) were interviewed regarding their experience with breast cancer. A two factor solution was retained for the CCC scale, avoidance and openness to communication. It demonstrated good convergent validity with the Primary Communication Inventory (r = .54, p <.01 for patients; r = .55, p <.01 for partners). Finally, the CCC scale significantly predicted both depression (Δr² = 0.029) and marital adjustment (Δr² = 0.032) scores above and beyond general communication. With further development, the CCC could be a useful tool as an assessment measure in a life-threatening disease. The present scale, in conjunction with other sources of information, could be used in future research and clinical settings when attempting to assess illness-related communication and related outcomes.

This study investigated the effects of a home-based, audio cassette marriage enrichment course on marital communication and marital adjustment. The marriage enrichment course evaluated in this study consisted of two audio cassette tapes, each containing two sessions of approximately 45 minutes in length, and one work booklet. The course contained exercises emphasizing the development of communication skills, encouragement of self-disclosure, learning of empathy skills, and the setting of personal and mutual goals. The unique aspects of the course were the home-based setting in which the couples completed the program, and the self-enclosed audio cassette nature of the course.

Research on the ordination of women has focused on the effect in the church and on aspects of the personality of the women choosing the priesthood but not on effects on the families of ordained women. Using personal interviews, the Dyadic Adjustment Scale and the Bem Sex Role Inventory, spouses in 12 families which contain ordained women from Episcopalian, Methodist, Unity and The Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints churches were analyzed to determine the effects of ordination on the families. Couples containing an ordained female were found to have slightly higher marital adjustment and significantly higher levels of androgyny than a standardized sample. Androgyny and marital adjustment were significantly correlated. The more androgenous, the greater the marital adjustment.

In line with the Vulnerability-Stress-Adaptation (VSA) model of marriage, this study examined the role of neuroticism, stressful life events, mutual problem solving and negative relationship attributions on marital quality and adjustment among a sample of newlywed couples in Addis Ababa. A quantitative cross-sectional study design involving a sample of 192 newlywed couples was employed. Data were analysed using correlation and multiple regression analysis methods. The PROCESS module in SPSS and Structural Equation Modeling was also used to test indirect effects and actor and partner effects, respectively. The results showed that for both wives’ and husbands’, neuroticism significantly predicted their own marital satisfaction but only husbands’ neuroticism significantly predicted their partners’ marital satisfaction. Stressful life events did not have a significant actor and partner effect for both wives’ and husbands’. Negative relationship attribution was found to be a significant predictor of actors as well as partners' marital satisfaction for both wives’ and husbands’ while only husbands’ mutual problem solving, not that of wives’, had a significant effect on their own marital satisfaction. Tests of indirect effects also showed that, for both wives’ and husbands’, neuroticism had a significant negative intrapersonal and interpersonal indirect effect on marital satisfaction through the mediation of both mutual problem solving and negative relationship attribution. Wives’ and husbands’ stressful life events had a significant negative intrapersonal and interpersonal indirect effect on marital satisfaction through the mediation of negative relationship attribution. Mutual problem solving only mediated a significant indirect effect of husbands’ stress on marital satisfaction at the intrapersonal level and wives’ stress on marital satisfaction at the interpersonal level. This research contributed to enhancing scientific knowledge that guides the design and implementation of policies, programs, and services to promote newlyweds’ marital quality and adjustment in the Ethiopian context. The research also made a theoretical contribution to the VSA model by indicating that adaptive processes play a varying mediational role for wives’ and husbands’ in the indirect effect of stress on marital satisfaction and by confirming that adaptive processes such as mutual problem solving and negative relationship attribution play a more prominent role in affecting marital quality and satisfaction than the other two components of the model, that is neuroticism and stressful life events. / Psychology

This study is part of a larger research project examining family attachment processes. The current study tests a family process model that postulates the mediating role of parent-child attachment and sibling relationship quality in the associations of parent psychopathology or marital adjustment to children's psychological dysfunction. A community sample of 86 families with at least one school-aged (8-12 years) child was recruited from area schools and organizations. Families came to the UNT Family Attachment Lab, where they participated in research tasks, including interviews, self-report instruments, and videotaped interaction tasks. Specific questionnaires used in this study included the Sibling Relationship Questionnaire, the Security Scale, the Behavior Assessment System for Children, the Symptom Assessment-45 Questionnaire, and the Dyadic Adjustment Scale. Using a single indicator for each variable, path analyses tested three paternal models, three maternal models, and three systemic models using different informants' (i.e., father, mother, child) reports of child functioning as the outcome variable. Results of this study highlight the positive relationship between parent marital adjustment and parent-child attachment security, as well as the inverse relationship between maternal psychopathology and mother-child attachment security. In addition, the inverse relationship between parent-child attachment security and child psychological dysfunction was significant across nearly all paternal and maternal models. Particularly noteworthy was the consistent mediating influence of attachment security in the association between marital adjustment and child psychological dysfunction across paternal and maternal models.

Cette thèse avait pour but premier d’évaluer la douleur chronique endométriosique et ses concomitants (dépression, anxiété et stress), les conséquences de la douleur sur le physique, les activités et le travail, sur la relation maritale et les séquelles sur la qualité de vie chez des participantes souffrant de douleurs pelviennes chroniques diagnostiquées endométriose (laparoscopie). En deuxième lieu, il s’agissait d’évaluer et de comparer l’efficacité des techniques psychologiques de contrôle de la douleur (Hypnose, Cognitif-behavioral) en ajout aux traitements médicaux à un groupe contrôle (Attention thérapeute). L’échantillon était composé de 60 femmes réparties aléatoirement soit à l’un des deux groupes de traitement ou au groupe contrôle. Les instruments de mesure étaient tous des questionnaires déjà traduits en français et validés pour la population francophone québécoise. Des tests du khi-carré ont été effectués pour les variables nominales et des analyses de variances (ANOVA) ont été faites pour les variables continues. Dans des modèles ANOVA estimant l’effet du traitement, du temps et de leur interaction, une différence significative (effet de Groupe ou traitement) a été trouvée pour les variables suivantes : Douleur (McGill :composante évaluative p = 0.02), au moment « présent » de l’Échelle visuelle analogique (EVA, p = 0.05) et dans l’Échelle de Qualité de vie (douleur, p = 0,03) ainsi qu’à la dimension Fonctionnement social de cette dernière échelle (SF-36; p = 0,04). En comparant les données en pré et post-traitement, des résultats significatifs au niveau du Temps ont aussi été mis en évidence pour les variables suivantes : Douleur McGill: Score total, (p = 0,03), Affective (p = 0,04), Évaluative (p = 0,01); Douleur (ÉVA) moment Fort (p < 0,0005), Dépression (p = 0,005), Anxiété (situationnelle/état (p = 0,002), Anxiété/trait (p < 0,001), Stress (p = 0, 003) ainsi que pour quatre composantes de la Qualité de vie (Fonctionnement social, (p = 0,05), Vitalité (p = 0,002), Douleur, (p = 0,003) et Changement de la santé (p < 0,001) et ceci pour les trois groupes à l’exception du groupe Hypnose sur cette dernière variable. Des effets d’Interaction (Groupe X Temps) sont ressortis sur les variables « Conséquences physiques » de la douleur mais sur la dimension « Activités » seulement (p = 0,02), sur l’anxiété situationnelle (État : p = 0,007). Un effet d’interaction se rapprochant de la signification (p = 0,08) a aussi été analysé pour la variable Fonctionnement social (SF-36). L’étude montre une légère supériorité quant au traitement Cognitif-behavioral pour l’anxiété situationnelle, pour le Fonctionnement social et pour la douleur mesurée par le SF-36. L’étude présente des forces (groupe homogène, essai clinique prospectif, répartition aléatoire des participantes et groupe contrôle) mais aussi des lacunes (faible échantillon et biais potentiels reliés à l’expérimentateur et à l’effet placebo). Toute future étude devrait tenir compte de biais potentiels quant au nombre d’expérimentateur et inclure un groupe placebo spécifique aux études à caractère psychologique. Une future étude devrait évaluer le schème cognitif « catastrophisation » impliqué dans la douleur, les traits de personnalité des participantes ainsi que le rôle du conjoint. De plus, des techniques psychologiques (entrevues motivationnelles) récentes utilisées dans plusieurs études devraient aussi être prises en considérations. Tout de même des résultats significatifs offrent des pistes intéressantes pour un essai clinique comportant un échantillon plus élevé et pour un suivi à long terme. / The goal of the study was twofold. The first objective was to assess chronic endometriotic pain and its psychological dimensions (depression, anxiety, stress), and the consequences on the marital adjustment, and quality of life on women diagnosed with endometriosis by laparoscopy. The second objective was to compare two psychological treatments with a control group (no active treatment). Sixty women were randomly assigned to one of the treatment groups (Hypnosis, Cognitive-behavioural) or to the control group (Therapist Attention). All measures were valid and the French translation had been adapted for the Quebec population. The statistical analysis were the Chi-square for nominal measures and ANOVAS for the continuous variables. ANOVAS’s model estimate Treatment effect, Time effect and Interaction Group X Time. Both interventions (Group effect) were significantly positive for the pain dimension on the McGill questionnaire but on the Evaluative dimension only (p = 0,02), pain on “present” time on the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS, p = 0,05), pain in the Quality of life scale (SF-36, p = 0,03), and on Social functioning dimension measured by SF-36 (p = 0,04). When comparing data following treatment (post-treatment) with the baseline measures (pre-testing), Time effect occurred for the three groups on following variables: pain (McGill): Total score (p = 0, 03), Affective (p = 0, 04), Evaluative (p = 0,01), pain measured by a Visual analogue scale (VAS) at the Highest level (p < 0,0005), on Depression (p = 0,005), for State anxiety (p = 0,002), and Trait Anxiety (p < 0,001), on Stress (p = 0,003), and on four dimensions on the Quality of Life’s scale (SF-36): Social functioning (p = 0, 05), Vitality (p = 0,002), Pain (p = 0,003), and Health change (p < 0,001) where the group Hypnosis seems to do better for the last variable. Interaction effect (Group X Time) were statistically significant for dimension Activities in the Physical pain (SF-36, p = 0,02), and on State Anxiety (p = 0,007). Interaction effect close to statistically significant results (p = 0,08) on Social functioning (SF-36) has also been analyze. In this study, all group showed a comparable reduction of pain at the end of treatment, and an increase level of activities in the Cognitive-behavioural group. For the secondary variables the statistical results went in the same direction as the primary variable (pain). The level of depression, anxiety, and stress decreased with time for all groups. The study also showed a mild superiority of the Cognitive-behavioural treatment on State anxiety, Social functioning, and on Pain measured by the SF-36. Statistical analysis didn’t show any change for the marital situation. Quality of life showed positive results on four scales only (social functioning, vitality, pain and perception change in health). The study presents strengths (homogenous group, prospective study, control group and randomisation) and some weaknesses (small number of participants, potential bias with one interviewer, and absence of placebo group). Even so, statistically significant results emerge and are promising for new studies with a higher number of subjects. We also recommend a long time follow-up. Future studies should take into account a distorted cognitive schema (catastrophization), personality traits well documented in chronic pain syndrome, and spouse’s role. We also recommend the use of “Motivational Interview” recently described in the literature.

Spousal congruence at multiple levels of perception was examined in relationship to marital adjustment. Subjects were 164 active duty and retired Air Force married couples.