This dissertation theses addresses the phenomenon of the unregistered mark for goods and services in accordance with trade mark law of the Czech Republic, while taking into consideration the given scope of EU law and its comparison with the legal protection of applied trade marks in the framework of the "passing-off" doctrine of the legal systems of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. While the subject of trade marks has already been thoroughly established in juristic theory and has also become commonplace in legal practice, the institute of the unregistered trade mark has not yet to be comprehensively examined, and as such it presents significant difficulties in applied practice, as it bears no solid legal foundation, and in the context of the regulations of trade mark law it is always possible to identify specific special entitlements arising from the existence or application of unregistered trade marks, whereas the nature of their verbal formulations and systematic classification presents difficulties in the interpretation and application of such entitlements. The basis for this reasoning is namely the historical evolution of the phenomenon of the unregistered mark in trade mark law in Austrian, respectively in subsequent Cisleithania, and its reception and evolvement within Czechoslovak law as the legal predecessor to the Czech Republic. The goal of the research presented herein is to identify answers to the underlying theoretical questions concerning unregistered marks of fundamental significance to applied practice, and in so far as they concern the nature of the unregistered mark as perceived by trade mark law and its definitional attributes, terms of origin, duration, and expiration of unregistered marks, or more precisely as they concern rights to them, as well as the terms and scope of disposition with unregistered marks, namely in so far as they in turn relate to transfer or conversion and the grant of license or other temporary right of use. Subsequently, the establishment of answers to the aforementioned questions addresses the problem of the absence of an explicit legal principle to the phenomenon of the unregistered mark and the interpretation difficulties offered in the poorly formulated laws and subsequent fluctuations in legal practice. This problem is examined within the legal setting of the Czech Republic as a democratic nation with a market economy, in which holds true the classic legal rudiment of "that which is not prohibited by law is permitted", and in which hold true the fundamental and indefeasible rights of man, a component of which is the right to freely pursue economic activities and possess property within a framework of restrictions favouring the preservation of the rights of others as set forth by the law.

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En betydande del av dagens bostadsbyggnadsprojekt i Sverige sker på mark som vid projektinitieringen ägs av en kommun. Den kommunala marken utgör därmed något av en grundbult för många av de bostäder som produceras. Detta är inget nytt fenomen. Det kommunala markinnehavet har i över hundra år fungerat som ett plan- och bostadspolitiskt instrument och i olika omfattningar styrt såväl bostädernas geografiska spridning som produktionsvolym. Förfarandet då en kommun fördelar sin mark – säljer eller upplåter med tomträtt – till privata eller allmännyttiga byggherrar brukar vanligen benämnas ”markanvisning”. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att utföra en kvalitativ analys av kommunernas markanvisningssystem utifrån ett byggherreperspektiv och försöka besvara följande frågeställningar:  Upplever byggherrarna skillnader mellan olika kommuners markanvisningssystem?  Hur uppfattar byggherrarna att markanvisningssystemet fungerar överlag?  Är uppfattningarna olika beroende av antalet markanvisningar som en byggherre tilldelats? Dessa grundläggande frågeställningar har belysts med hjälp av en enkät till 237 byggherrar som varit aktiva – dvs. ansökt om och/eller tilldelats markanvisning – i Stockholm, Göteborg, Uppsala och Helsingborg. Enkäten bestod av 16 stycken frågor där vissa var ja- eller nej frågor, medan större delen besvarades genom gradering av olika påståenden. Totalt besvarade 88 stycken byggherrar enkäten, dvs. en svarsfrekvens på 37 procent. Av svaren framkommer att det finns en delad bild av hur kommunernas markanvisningar fungerar, främst mellan de byggherrar som tilldelats fyra eller färre markanvisningar och de som tilldelats fem eller fler. Den senare gruppen är, kanske inte helt oväntat, mer positivt inställd. Båda grupperna anser dock att de olika kommunerna tillämpar det kommunala markanvisningssystemet olika, sett utifrån tilldelningsmetoder och bedömningskriterier, även om skillnaderna i sig inte tycks utgöra något problem hos en stor del av byggherrarna.

People who live in northern part of the world spend much more time indoors than those who live in warmer countries. In addition that home should be safe, it should also protect one against heat, cold, sunlight and pollution. The indoor environment is affected by installations, material and how the building is formed. Those anomalies that are visible, felt or smelled can be noticed and be rectified. But it’s much more difficult if these abilities are missing. Building houses in Sweden means that you have restrictions to follow. One has to adapt its house so that Swedish standards are maintained. Planning’s Building Regulation must be followed. Planning and Building Act and regulations must be met. Account has been takes for these provisions during the planning and design stage of the house. The following thesis will describe how various parameters have interacted for the design of the house. In depth the essay will illustrate how to build a radon resistant house and address how the air we inhale in our homes may eventually be harmful and finally how this problem is seen globally. International studies show that radon gas in indoor air increases the risk of getting lung cancer. By 2020, all single-family homes and public facilities must be remediated to a statutory value annual average level. It is one of sixteen environmental requirements that the parliament has set as a target for indoor environment. The National Board of health and Welfare has a guideline as a recommendation for indoor radon for existing homes while Planning´s Building Regulation has a limit for new constructions, which is binding. The quality of accommodation differs worldly. According to the Radiation Authority radon gas is attributed to 15 % of all peace lung cancer cases per year in Sweden. The percentage increases with population. Radon gas enters through foundation, through well water used in household and through building materials. Planning and Building Regulations survey 2010 showed that people are exposed to the highest radon levels at home. Consumers are becoming more aware of the risk of exposure to high radon levels over long period. New dwellings of radon resistant homes would benefit both producers and consumers. Before this goal will be achieved one has to know the significance choice of foundation. Result show that crawlspace is the most effective foundation method to radon build radon resistant homes.

This paper will explore classical and contemporary methods of painting applied to the portrait. It will emphasize the metaphor of paint as flesh and the connotations of the breakdown of the painted form that stands in for flesh as it relates to our preoccupations with our own mortality. Borrowing from influences like Lucian Freud, Jenny Saville, and Francis Bacon, the artwork explores the creation of a form that is physical and confrontational, and is intended to provoke a psychological response in the viewer. This series of figuration bases its processes on traditional methods, while borrowing from modern art devices to interpret intangible human characteristics that clarify the representation of the subject and the moment being captured. The ultimate product of this two-fold approach is an image that is a tightly rendered representational portrait that simultaneously lends itself to gestural study.

Loggerheads (Caretta caretta) are listed as Threatened and green turtles (Chelonia mydas) are listed as Endangered under the United States Endangered Species Act. While green turtle nest production in Florida has increased markedly in recent years, loggerhead nest production has followed a more tenuous path. Reasons for these differences are unknown. Limited demographic information is available for these species of conservation concern. I used Barker models, which incorporated mark-recapture, live-resight and dead recovery data, implemented in Program MARK. These models were used to estimate apparent survival for immature loggerhead (

Essay One Under the principal-agent framework, we study and compare different compensation schemes commonly adopted by hedge fund and mutual fund managers. We find that the option-like performance fee structure prevalent among hedge funds is suboptimal to the symmetric performance fee structure. However, the use of high water mark (HWM) mitigates the suboptimality, though to a very limited extent. Bothour theoretical models and simulation results show that HWM will induce more managerial efforts only when a fund is slightly under the water but it will unfavorably dampen incentives when a fund is too deep under the water and when the manager's skill is poor. Allowing managers to invest personal wealth in their own funds, however, helps align interests and provides positive managerial incentives. Essay Two Existing literature has detected a "tournament behavior" among mutual fund managers that mid-year underperformers tend to take relatively higher risk than peers in the second half-year. We reexamine this issue and provide empirical evidence that such behavior does not exist among hedge fund managers, either at fund level or risk style level. Instead, hedge fund managers shift risk at mid-year in response to the moneyness of their incentive contracts. Also, risk shifting decisions are more driven by underperformance than by outperformance. HighWater Mark can strongly rein in excess risk-taking and therefore better aligns interests. Last, risk shifting on average does not improve either performance, moneyness of incentive contracts, or cash inflows. Essay Three We use factor models and optimal change point regression models to capture the intra-year risk dynamics of hedge fund managers. Those risk shifting managers are further divided into 'Informed', 'Uninformed' and 'Misinformed' groups, according to their post-shifting risk adjusted performance. We find evidence that supports the existence of an Adverse Selection' problem of managers compensation schemes. Namely, incentive contracts, designed to share risks and align interests, induce the strongest risk taking from the least informed or skilled hedge fund managers, whose risk-shifting decisions result in undesired or even deteriorated risk-adjusted returns for investors. We also find that the High Water Mark has only limited influence on mitigating excessive risk shifting.

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En välmående och stressfri miljö för utbildning.  Mitt projekt tar avstamp från Vårdingeby Folkhögskola, i Järna utanför Södertälje, som gjorde ett starkt intryck på mig. Det är framförallt att det ger en möjlighet för unga människor som inte tex fått fullständiga betyg i gymnasiet att få en nystart och börja plugga vidare. De har en ekologist och hållbar strategi för vilken form de vill hålla utbildning inom. De har tex hantverksutbildningar inom konst och trä där de nyttjar skogen för att tillverka stolar och möbler. Detta i samklang med studier i grundämnena för att få behörighet till universitet. Kunskap och utbildning är ett sätt att skapa ett mer jämlikt samhälle, göra utbildning möjlig för även de som har haft en tuff tid i sin ungdom. Att vara på landsbygden och få natur och lugn runt omkring sig är också en väldigt god förutsättning för studier. Detta vill jag ta vidare till Farstanäs som ägs av Södertälje kommun idag och där det finns en Herrgård, men också flera ekonomibyggnader och ladugård. Så platsen för ett kunskapshus med fokus på lärande och utvecklande för social gemenskap är det jag tittat vidare på. Då min underrubrik är ”En välmående och stressfri miljö för utbildning” så är ett naturrum för vila viktigt och även lugna studieplatser. Likaså utställningsytor för studenterna och övriga att visa sina produktioner på. Hierarkiskt skulle jag säga att naturrummet står först, sedan lugna studieplatser och utställningsytor. Café och restaurang är ett trevligt inslag för besökande och studerande och gör Folketshus till ett utflyktsmål. / A well-being and stress-free environment for Education. My project is based on Vårdingeby Folkhögskola, outside Södertälje in Järna, which made a strong impression on me. It provides an opportunity for young people who, for example have not received full grades in high school. They will get a fresh start. Vårdingeby Folkhögskola have an ecologic and a sustainable strategy. They have, for example, craft training in art and wood where they use the forest to make chairs and furniture. This in line with studies in the mainsubjects to get competence for university. Knowledge and education is a way to create a more equal society, make education possible for even those who have had a tough time in their youth. Being in the countryside and getting nature and peace around you is also a very good condition for studies. I want to take this on to Farstanäs, which is owned by Södertälje municipality today and where there is a mandolin, but also several outbuildings and a barn. So the place for a knowledge house with a focus on learning and development for social community is what I have created.  As my subtitle is "A well -being and stress-free environment for education", a nature room for rest is important and also quiet study places.Also exhibition spaces for students and others to show their works. Hierarchically, I would say that the nature room stands first, then quiet study places and exhibition spaces. Café and restaurant is a nice area for visitors and students and makes Folketshus a destination.

Dioxins are among the most toxic substances known to man. Dioxins are hydrophobic organic molecules that accumulate in the food chain and can cause cancer and reproductive difficulties for both animals and humans. A common method for remediating contaminated soil is excavation and transporting the masses to a landfill site. That leads to large waste piles that occupy a lot of space and clean soil must be transported to the remediation area. By treating the contaminated soil, pure soil can remain untouched. The contaminated area can be treated at the spot (in-situ or on-site) and risks such as spread of polluted soil can be reduced, and transports can be reduced so the environment can be better protected. The purpose of this study is to evaluate remediation methods that is done in-situ or on-site for dioxin-contaminated areas and to make proposals for appropriate remediation methods for some selected dioxin-contaminated areas. For the remediation methods available to treat dioxin in-situ, soil washing seems to be an option. This method involves washing the soil with solvents to release the dioxin molecules from the organic material that it binds tightly to. The contaminated fluid is later pumped up to get disposed. Chemical oxidation, which is another method, is like soil washing but treats decontaminated pollutants that are in the groundwater. With the help of Fenton's reaction, the dioxin molecules can be destroyed, and no excavation is needed. Two other methods that have the potential to reduce the spread of dioxin contamination are stabilization / solidification and containment / barrier technology. These two are enclosing the pollution so it cannot be spread further in the soil. Thermal desorption is a method that can be used in conjunction with soil washing as a final step in destroying the dioxins. It can also be used separately and then heating rods are lowered into the ground which causes the dioxin to change to gas form. This method has also two other alternatives to heat up the pollution in the ground. By using hot water vapor thru the rods in the ground or by using electricity in predrilled holes in the ground and then suck the gas up thru pipes.  The gas with the pollutants is later sucked up to be purified through filters or by letting the pollutants pass through a combustion. When a contaminated area is going to be evaluated, there are some things that needs to be considered before making the choice of remediation method. It can be briefly summarized as a plan for what the area after decontamination will be used for and what is at the site today. These may be ancient remains, red-listed species that may affect the choice of remediation method. Likewise, the choice of method can be influenced if contaminated masses are to be driven to a remediation plant as it should be at an acceptable distance from the contaminated area, to reduce the climate impact. Both Bestorps f.d. sågverk and BT kemi in Teckomatorp who were studied, chose to excavate, and transport to an incineration plant (ex-situ). In this report it has emerged that the social, economic, and environmental aspects should be considered to achieve the best possible effect when choosing a remediation method, such methods are usually in-situ or on-site. Bestorps f.d. kemi and BT kemi in Teckomatorp could have been decontaminated by using soil wash and thermical treatment for the construction parts, such as the old warehouses, and then partly be treated in-situ and on-site and then tribute to reach some of the Swedish Miljökvalitetsmål.