I den här uppsatsen tillhandahåller vi resultatet av en deduktiv och kvalitativ fallsstudie om företagsinterna processer för framgångsrikt varumärkesarbete med fokus på hur identifiera, prioritera, applicera och omsätta effekterna av omvärldstrender till en framgångsrik och lönsam premiumstrategi; genom att beskriva och analysera detta arbete i två premiumföretag (Haglöfs och BMW). Studien avser att göra ett bidrag till teorin om effektivt varumärkesarbete med fokus på premiumstrategi, nämligen premiumstrategins sammanbindande länkar med hänsyn tagen till dess kontextuella förutsättningar   Den teoretiska referensramen utgörs av huvudbegreppen: trender, premiumvarumärken, varumärkesutvidgning samt marknadsposition. För studien valdes två empiriska undersökningsobjekt och relevant information beträffande dessa samlades in via två metoder; dels via en kvalitativ semistrukturerad-intervju samt via dokumentanalys. Detta för att undersöka hur premiumföretag arbetar utefter den struktur och teoretiska modell/bidrag som identifierats i samband med fastställandet av syntesen. Utifrån teorin identifierade vi ett antal förutsättningar samt länkar kopplade till en premiumstrategi. Dessa förutsättningar samt länkar verifierades senare via en analytisk induktion. Återkommande sekvenser i insamlad empiri söktes och förklarades genom att vi undersökte företagens branschspecifika förutsättningar men även hur de arbetade med att utveckla en premiumstrategi. Strukturen och länkarna för att utveckla en premiumstrategi var följande: att identifiera, prioritera samt applicera trender àatt identifiera och utarbeta värdeskapande attributà att därefter anpassa och utveckla premiumvarumärketà och att senare etablera en premiumkanal med syfte att tillgängliggöra varumärket till den bredare massan. Länkarna utgjorde viktiga förutsättningar associerade med en önskad effekt om en marknadsposition i form av premiumledarskap. / In this paper, we provide results of a deductive and qualitative case study on a company's internal processes for successful branding efforts with a focus on how to identify, prioritize, apply and translate the impact of external trends into a successful and profitable premium strategy by describing and analyzing this work in two premium companies (Haglöfs and BMW).   The theoretical framework consists of the main concepts: trends, premium brands, brand extensions and market position. For the study, two empirical survey items were elected and relevant information concerning these were collected via two methods; partly through a qualitative semi-structured interview, and through document analysis. This is to investigate how premium business works along the structure and theoretical model/contribution identified in connection with the determination of the synthesis. Based on theory, we identified a number of conditions, and links related to a premium strategy. These conditions, as well as links, were later verified through an analytical induction. Recurrent sequences in the collected empirical data were declared by investigating companies industry-specific conditions but also how they were developing a premium strategy. The structure and links in order to develop a premium strategy were: to identify, prioritize and apply trends à to identify and develop value-adding attributes à then to adapt and develop the premium brand à and later to establish a premium channel with the purpose of making the brand available to a wider mass. These links were important conditions associated with a desired effect on a market position in the form of premium leadership.

According to the information, the value of corporation acquired in global mergers amounted to US$4 trillion. Last year the biggest merger & acquisition was the AT&A bought the BellSouth Group in US for US$860 billion. After 1990, the corporate mergers & acquisitions become a main magic tool of a company to strengthen its market competition. Examples of same industry mergers were: Glaxo Wellcom PLC bought SmithKline Beecham PLC & Pfizer with Warner-Lambert in Pharmaceutical industry Daimler Benz bought Chrysler in vehicle industry Compaq with Digital in high technology industry Seibu Group with Itochu in Supermarket industry Bank of Tokyo with Mitsubishi Bank in banking industry Taiwan Mobile with Columbia in communication industry The diversification of M&A such as: Viacom with CBS Corporation The famous Canadian wine group ¡V Seagram acquired the well-known Asian company Polygram Musical Company at US$106 billion America Online with Time Warner. The above illustrated that the M&A in the diversification and related industry has become a trend and as vital element in the main tool to enhance market competition. In 2002, the figure showed the total global value in M&A was US$1.1 trillion. Regionally, the M&A trading in Europe, US and Japan (excluding other Asian countries) were US$1.5 trillion, US$1.44 trillion and US$3,815 billion respectively. However, research by the KPMG Consulting illustrated that 59% of M&A performances were not good as expected. Many cases and statistics revealed that about 30% - 50% of the completed M&A in US failed, whereas the success rate did not reach 50% in the M&A cases in Europe. The cases showed that the performance of M&A would need to go through a conformity process to become effective. In this study, the case used was two apparel firms of different products in Hong Kong (Horizontal Merger), which for the reasons other than the above, agreed to merger to become one of the biggest apparel corporation in Hong Kong. Nevertheless, during the process of combination, many problems had arisen, such as: 1. Corporate Culture 2. Core Value 3. Measurement of Performance 4. Market Positioning 5. Organization Structure 6. Sales Operation 7. Operation Mode of Production 8. R&D Because of the differences in conceptual recognition, and changes in internal and external circumstances, the right and wrong attempts, in the course of learning process, had made from profits to loss, from loss to profits again and achieved a mixed effect in the growth path and future expectation. In this regard the operation was not smooth after the merger. But after continual improvement and re-engineering, the new company has become to make profit in 2004.

The aim of the diploma thesis is to introduce suitable instruments for measuring the market position of the company based on multi-criteria decision-making. To introduce regular rankings of companies in professional journals and on the Internet. The main aim was to make comparison of five companies in the Czech Republic and build their resulting ranking based on financial and non-financial indicators. Selected companies have the same subject of business, form and size. For comparison there was set a model which included four financial and two non-financial indicators. Financial indicators have been selected from the area of profitability, liquidity, aktivity and indebtedness. Afterwards, the market positions of companies were calculated by mathematical-static method. The financial situation was identified also by profit and bankruptcy models.

The internet has enabled billions of online transactions with customers transacting in real-time from various geographical points, while ecommerce could make more for Quebec traders dealing in various commodities. Quebec's ecommerce is still underdeveloped. This thesis seeks to understand the factors behind an e-consumer making a purchasing decision on a Quebec ecommerce site by using the Online Purchase assessment tool (OPAT) model to pinpoint emerging e-commerce trends, a literature review, and a questionnaire to discover the reality of why consumers purchase online. It discovered that e-commerce is not well-developed in Quebec because platforms use French and leave out English-speaking shoppers, most residents prefer physical shopping, and poor pricing strategies by foreign ecommerce platforms. This study aims to uncover why the Quebec retail industry is underdeveloped when it has enormous potential to lead among Canadian provinces. It evaluates consumer purchasing behaviors from online stores based on three moments that happen during the purchasing process. Summarily, it measures the first moment a retailer visits the platform, when they decide to purchase, and loyalty when they return to purchase again. It also provides recommendations for Quebec retailers regarding factors to consider when setting up their ecommerce stores to be successful.

This paper contributes to the field of research on entrepreneurship and self-employment. More explicitly, it contributes to the research regarding heterogeneity by studying the ‘necessity’ self-employed. In this paper, we question the notion of ‘necessity’ and its connection to weak labour market attainment by measuring individual’s human capital in relation to local labour market structures. The used data derives from relevant labour market data combined with data from a postal survey study conducted in 2011, containing self-employed between the age 25–64. The results show no connection between labour market attainment and ‘necessity’ self-employment. The results however indicate a correlation between sociodemographic-aspects and ‘necessity’ self-employment.

中國自2001年加入WTO並開放境內市場後，外資便開始以併購方式迅速進入中國市場，造成中國諸多產業遭外資壟斷，使中國於2007年8月30日迫切通過前後立法超過二十年的《反壟斷法》，並於2008年8月1日開始實施以規範外資併購行為。中國《反壟斷法》係管理市場秩序的主要法律亦被稱作「經濟憲法」，惟相較於世界先進國家已有悠久歷史，相關法規範已發展成熟，檢視該法的規範與實際操作上卻仍可發現諸多問題。 　　本文擬從外國競爭經濟法理論出發，剖析中國《反壟斷法》的立法基礎，並先探究該法之立法過程、規範範圍、執法機構分散與行政壟斷問題，再申論外資併購中國境內企業涉及反壟斷申報審查制度，最後進入本文核心議題即國家安全與濫用市場支配地位，輔以詳細數據與實際案例探討，翼望得以作為外資併購中國企業之參考依據。 / Since 2001 China has became one of the members of WTO, foreign investors used mergers and acquisitions as business strategy to dominate position in some specific markets in China, which caused China government adopted the first “Antimonopoly Law” on August 30, 2007 and it went into effect on August 1, 2008. China’s antimonopoly law also called“Economic Constitution”aims to establish the new economic order; however, compared with the western developed countries which has developed a great legal system, its substance has aroused suspicion and criticism. This paper seeks to provide an assessment for China’s “Antimonopoly Law” from the analysis of the soul of antitrust theory to discuss the structure of China’s “Antimonopoly Law” including the drafting stage, application of the law, lack of substantive enforcement authority and the issue of administrative monopoly. Then, this paper aims to solve the problem of the provisions of thresholds for concentration of foreign investors. After the basic discussion the issue above, this paper tries to discuss the core issue –national security and abuses of dominant market position—by providing statistics and analyzing real cases to draft conclusion for the foreign investors to follow when seeking to undertake mergers and acquisitions in China.

Background The point of departure in this thesis is that unemployment is a recognised determinant of health, which may vary between different ages and among men and women. Despite governmental policies to tackle unemployment and ease its effects on health, unemployment continues to bea growing public health problem. Aim The objective of the thesis was to analyse, from a gender perspective, the relationships between ill health and unemployment as well as other unstable labour market positions in the transition from youth to adulthood. The aim of each paper was: I. Does the association between ill health and unemployment differ between young people and adults? II. Is the transition from an unstable labour market position to permanent paid job health-protective? III. Is participation in labour market programmes related to mental health? IV. What is the association between ill health among men and women and how could it be analysed with a relational theory of gender? Methods The longitudinal study was carried out in Luleå - a medium-sized industrial town in the Northern Sweden. The cohort, consisting of all 1083 pupils (506 girls and 577 boys) aged 16 who attended the last year of compulsory school in 1981, was followed up at the ages of 16, 18, 21 and 30. The response rates were high e.g. 96.4% at 14 years follow-up. The cohort was followed with extensive and well-validated questionnaires. Multivariate logistic regression was used in all papers, while propensity score matchingwas used in Paper III. Results Paper I. Health effects of long-term unemployment differed between young people and adults. Long-term unemployment was more related to psychological ill health and smoking in young people than in adults. Paper II. The results indicated that after controlling for gender as well as for an indicator of health-related selection, possible confounders and mediators transition from an unstable labour market position to permanent employment could be health-promoting. Paper III. No association was found between participation in active labour market programmes and psychological symptoms. Due to methodological shortages the results have to be interpreted with caution. Adjustment for either all background selection variables or the propensity score in multivariate logistic regression showed similar associations suggesting that propensity score could be used to adjust for background selection variables. Paper IV. A strong association between unemployment and suboptimal self-rated health among women and high alcohol consumption among men was found and a theory of structural relations was used to discuss the gendered patterns for ill health. Conclusion The thesis indicated gendered patterns of relations between unemployment and the health outcomes, in the transition from youth to adulthood. The policy implications of my thesis are that full employment policies should be promoted to reduce the health inequalities associated with unemployment. / The Northern Swedish Cohort study

Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 2009. / Härtill 4 uppsatser. Även tryckt utgåva.

The task of this thesis is to assess the market position of briefly existing company euTERM.cz Ltd., perform internal and external analysis and find a competitive advantage for the determination of the recommended strategy of this company.

Hlavním cílem této diplomové práce je navrhnout úspěšnou, uskutečnitelnou a efektivní marketingovou strategii pro globální společnost OASE na slovenském trhu. V práci jsou přepojeny teoretické poznatky s praktickými a použitím různých analys interního a externího prostředí jsou navrhnuty vhodná řešení pro danou společnost. Práce obsahuje návrhy jak zlepšit pozici firmy na trhu aplikováním vylepšené marketingové strategie.