Thesis advisor: Marilyn Cochran-Smith / This dissertation presents an institutional and historical analysis of the emergence of new graduate schools of education, or nGSEs. A controversial reform in the field of teacher preparation, nGSEs offer teacher preparation, state certification, and master’s degrees in a variety of new non-university contexts. With bipartisan support and philanthropic backing, the nGSE phenomenon has gained traction quickly. Today, 11 nGSEs, some with several branches, are operating in 16 different states. The dissertation examines the emergence of nGSEs using concepts from sociological neoinstitutionalism through primary document analysis and institutional analysis to answer the following questions: (1) What is the nature of nGSEs as organizations, including their historical features, funding models, and organizational environments? What changes have occurred in these features since the inception of nGSEs? (2) What institutional logic animates nGSEs as organizations? (3) What happens to teacher preparation in market-organized environments? Analysis revealed that nGSEs have diverse organizational origins and that they have largely reconfigured time and place for teacher preparation. As organizations that have moved the bulk of teacher preparation to K-12 schools and/or the internet while evolving rapidly in different environments, nGSEs naturally have different cultural-cognitive schemata. However, market logic is evident in some form, though to varying degrees, at each new organization. nGSEs tend to be private sector solutions to problems in the public education system, and they enjoy the support of education philanthropists who fund alternatives to the public education bureaucracy. I show how nGSEs are fundamentally responses to specialized, and oftentimes regionalized, circumstances that create demand for new kinds of teacher preparation programs. nGSEs are tailored for particular contexts and conditions—some nGSEs serve certain geographical communities while others serve certain kinds of school communities or pedagogical movements. I argue that this has led to the creation of highly specialized niches in the 21st century market for teacher preparation. Though they all constitute one reform, namely the relocation of teacher preparation from universities to new and different kinds of organizations, nGSEs are remarkably different from one another and from the wider field of teacher preparation. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2022. / Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education. / Discipline: Teacher Education, Special Education, Curriculum and Instruction.

The study examines how print media in Sweden portray Putin, Russia and Russians and what makes an impact on Swedish journalists when they write on that subject. The first part presents a content analysis of articles published in the two main Swedish newspapers Dagens Nyheter and Svenska Dagbladet (DN and SvD). The two most significant years of coverage of Russia in Sweden (2014-2015) were chosen as a time frame for the analysis. It examines the predominant tones that were used in the articles towards three keywords “Putin”, “Russia” and “Russians”, as well as the sources that were chosen by the journalists. In line with previous researchers, the author of this study observed a certain tendency shared in two Swedish printed media to report negatively about the Russian president. At the same time tones towards the country in general and its citizens were more neutral than negative. The second part of the research focuses on qualitative interviews with journalists representing different media in Sweden (radio, TV channels and newspapers). During the interviews, journalists were invited to reflect how they see Russian society, what connection they have with Russian culture and what impacts their choice of topics. According to the findings, a journalist’s work is affected by their individual background, economical situation in media organisations and expectations from the audience.

Scholars have documented the ways in which the influence of neoliberal ideology, and particularly the extension of free-market logic, has resulted in meaningful changes within colleges and universities in the United States. However, largely omitted from these discussions is the impact of neoliberal ideology on college students. Concurrent with the discussion concerning neoliberalism and higher education, a separate dialogue focusing on the rise of the conceptualization of students as customers has been occurring amongst higher education scholars. Such an understanding of college students is consistent with free-market logic, as the relationship between students and their institutions become defined in economic terms. While many scholars have lamented about the rise of this new approach towards education, few have connected it with larger changes in higher education or with the influence of neoliberal ideology. More importantly, researchers have yet to measure reliably the extent to which students actually express a customer orientation. The purpose of this dissertation is to provide the first measure of a customer orientation, and in the process help describe the impact neoliberal ideology, and freemarket logic in particular, has had on college students.

Background: Family firms represent the majority of firms worldwide, and are regarded as a crucial part of the global economy. Despite that, there is little known about their objectives of financial reporting i.e how they use, produce and value their financial reports. In accounting literature two objectives of financial reporting are presented, a stewardship objective and a decision usefulness objective. Previous research within family business have found that family firms differ from non-family firms and that family firms utilize socioemotional wealth protection as a main reference point when making decisions.  Purpose: This study aims to provide an understanding of how family firms perceive the objective of their financial reporting and how this is shaped by SEW. Method: The study was conducted using a qualitative method and implemented through semi-structured interviews. Nine family firms participated in the study, where eight family members were interviewed and two non-family members.  Conclusion: The result suggest that four out of the five FIBER dimensions (of SEW), family influence and control, identification of family members with the firm, binding social ties and emotional attachment influence the family firm's objective of their financial reports. Meanwhile, for the fifth dimension, renewal of family bonds to the firm through dynastic succession, our study suggests that future successions do not have an influence on the family firm's perceived objective of financial reporting.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T13:53:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RUBSON MARQUES RODRIGUES.pdf: 5458523 bytes, checksum: 87c00592d650bbe336e028daa9942437 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-09-11 / The present investigation of theoretical-bibliographic-documental aspect was developed on the basis of the dialectic method. Treats with the theme difficulties between instrumental rationality and substantive rationality in the management practice of professionals formed in administration's graduation degree. It focuses on the science and the technique's advance, in with the manager, when size the knowledge technologies, runs with efficiency the modern productive organizations, with the objective of gain profit with effectiveness in the effectivity of the surplus extraction. In this sense, the manager takes part of a group of professionals that maintains the logic of the production relations of capitalist society. This study looked for understand the relation of the manager and the capitalist mode of production with the current state of the work depreciation, in a society sustained by the market laws that imposes to many the rights deprivation, the unemployment anguish, transforming them into "socials ungrouped". Here comes the inquiry: The tension between the substantive rationality and the instrumental rationality leads the professional formed in administration's graduation degree to act in a way that violent his human condition? The tension between substantive rationality and instrumental rationality that goes through the manager's day by day in his management practices of the modern organizations was analyzed from the development on the comparative study with regard to the influences of the referred rationalities in the act of the manager formed in full graduation degree. It demonstrates that the philosophical basis of the modern science in his rational instrumental side is the main theoretical set of formation and qualification of the manager, endowing him with a profile appropriated to the laws of the market society, at the same time that transforms him into an instrument of the capitalists to keep the logic of the production relations of the contemporary world. This occurs, remarkably, because of the "semiformation" that he was submitted. Owner of an acritical formation, the manager has difficulties to exercise the auto-reflection. Therefore, the manager is taken to see the other people and himself as things, because the society that he serves, itself transformed in a thing, has under its commands every social imperatives that just counts and measures results. Things are measured and evaluated by the supply and demand market law, determining his exchanging value, in a dynamic known as fetish of the goods (MARX, 1978). The opposite way can be tracked by the alternative of formative experiences, in which the education headed to the critical auto-reflection favors the transformation of the individual in subject. It suggests, therefore, in this dissertation that the manager theoreticals, the coordinators, teachers and students of the Administration's graduation degree look for deepen their knowledge of the substantive rationality, having in sight what was demonstrated in this work: in the day by day of the manager practice the behaviors of the members of a productive group are not unilaterals, they shift into actions moved by instrumental and substantive rationalities, perpetuating the tense duality between both rationalities. / A presente investigação de cunho teórico-bibliográfico-documental foi desenvolvida com base no método dialético. Trata o tema dificuldades entre racionalidade instrumental e racionalidade substantiva na prática gestionária de administradores formados em Curso de Graduação. Enfoca-se o avanço da ciência e da técnica, em que o administrador, ao deter o conhecimento das tecnologias, gere com eficiência as organizações produtivas modernas, com o objetivo de auferir lucro com eficácia na efetividade da extração de mais-valia. Nesse sentido, o administrador faz parte de um grupo de profissionais que mantém a lógica das relações de produção da sociedade capitalista. Buscou-se neste estudo, compreender a relação do administrador e do modo de produção capitalista com o atual estágio de precarização do trabalho, em uma sociedade sustentada pelas leis mercadológicas que impõe a muitos, a privação de direitos, a angústia do desemprego, transformando-os em desfiliados sociais . Indaga-se então: Como compreender um profissional que, tendo a razão substantiva como imanente à sua condição humana, age movido pela razão instrumental, que não lhe é própria, mas imposta exteriormente, e se transforma em sua segunda natureza? A tensão entre racionalidade instrumental e racionalidade substantiva que atravessa o cotidiano do administrador nas suas práticas gestionárias das organizações modernas foi analisada a partir do desenvolvimento do estudo comparativo a respeito das influências das referidas racionalidades no agir do administrador formado em curso de graduação plena. Demonstra-se que a base filosófica da ciência moderna na sua vertente racional instrumental é o principal arcabouço teórico de formação e qualificação do administrador, dotando-o de um perfil adequado às leis da sociedade de mercado, ao mesmo tempo em que o transforma em um instrumento dos capitalistas para manter a lógica das relações de produção do mundo contemporâneo. Isto ocorre, notadamente, em razão da semiformação a que ele foi submetido. Portador de uma formação acrítica, o administrador tem dificuldade para exercitar a auto-reflexão. Sendo assim, administrador é levado a ver as outras pessoas e a si próprio como coisas, pois a sociedade a que serve, ela mesma transformada em uma coisa em si, tem sob seu comando todos os imperativos sociais que apenas contam e medem resultados. Coisas são medidas e avaliadas pela lei mercadológica da oferta e da procura, determinando o seu valor de troca, em uma dinâmica conhecida por fetichização da mercadoria (MARX, 1978). O caminho inverso pode ser trilhado pela alternativa de experiências formativas, em que a educação dirigida à auto-reflexão crítica favorece a transformação do indivíduo em sujeito. Sugere-se, portanto, nesta dissertação que os teóricos da administração, os coordenadores, professores e discentes dos Cursos de Graduação em Administração busquem aprofundar conhecimento sobre a racionalidade substantiva, tendo em vista o que foi demonstrado neste trabalho: no cotidiano da prática administrativa os comportamentos dos membros de um grupo produtivo não são unilaterais, eles alternam-se em ações movidas pelas racionalidades instrumental e substantiva, perpetuando a tensa dualidade entre ambas racionalidades.

Cette recherche se compose de trois études. La première, qualitative, met en exergue la transition culturelle qu’a connue le groupe La Poste durant cette dernière décennie. Ainsi, les effets de l’intégration progressive d’une culture de marché sont investigués à travers le discours de cadres, d’encadrants et de facteurs. La transformation de la culture organisationnelle est mise en avant ainsi que les répercussions de cette évolution sur le travail, la dimension axiologique et la santé des employés. La deuxième étude transpose dans le domaine de l’organisation des modèles d’intégrations identitaires habituellement associés à la santé et utilisés le plus souvent pour mettre en perspective le processus acculturatif de migrants avec des dimensions liées à la santé psychologique. Ainsi, le modèle de l’acculturation (Berry, 1990), le modèle de l’intégration biculturelle (Benet-Martinez & Haritatos, 2005) et le modèle cognitivo-développemental de l’intégration des identités sociales (Amiot et al., 2007) permettent d’expliquer, en partie, le bien-être et la détresse psychologique au travail ainsi que l’absentéisme des employés du groupe La Poste. Un pan de l’étude est consacré à expliquer les différentes identifications par le biais des motivations identitaires, de la menace perçue et des valeurs. Ces trois dimensions jouent un rôle prépondérant dans l’intégration culturelle des employés. Enfin, une dernière étude, utilisant des méthodes d’évaluations implicites, est réalisée dans le but de mettre à jour de potentielles dissonances cognitives, pouvant impacter la santé des individus, en mesurant des différences significatives entre l’identification implicite et l’identification autodéclarée. Cette étude montre des résultats contrastés ne pouvant être retenus, l’efficacité de la manipulation n’ayant pu être validée. Toutefois, certains indicateurs poussent à poursuivre les recherches en ce sens. / This research consists of three studies. The first study is qualitative. It highlights the cultural transition within the La Poste Group during the last decade. The effects of the gradual integration of a market culture are investigated through the speeches of executives, supervisors and postmen. The transformation of the corporate culture is highlighted as well as its impact on the work, the axiological dimension and the employees’ health. The second study transposes into the field of the organization of identity integration’s models. These models, usually associated with health, are often used to put into perspective the acculturative process of migrants with psychological health’s dimensions. Thus, the acculturation model (Berry, 1990), the bi-cultural integration model (Benet-Martinez & Haritatos, 2005) and the cognitive developmental model of social identities’ integration (Amiot et al. 2007 ) may explain, partly, the well-being and the psychological distress at work as well as the absenteeism of employees of La Poste Group. A section of the study focuses to explain the different identifications through identity motivations, perceived threat and values. These three dimensions play a major role in the cultural integration of employees. At last, a final study using methods of implicit assessment is performed in order to update potential cognitive dissonance which could affect the health of individuals. It measures significant differences between the implicit identification and self-declared identification. This study shows contrasting results that won’t hold because the effectiveness of the manipulation has not been proven. However, some indicators urge to continue research in this direction.

Sedan 2016 har en tillitsbaserad styrning implementerats i offentliga verksamheter i Sverige, vilket det inte finns mycket forskning om. Den tillitsbaserade styrningen skiljer sig mycket ifrån de tidigare styrningsformerna som präglat den offentliga sektorn. Jag har genom en kvalitativ studie ämnat att öka förståelsen för hur den tillitsbaserade styrningen fungerar med en byråkratisk logik och en marknadslogik. Min empiri är insamlad genom ostrukturerade intervjuer ifrån medarbetare på Trafikverket. Under studien har jag använt institutionell teori för att skapa en förståelse för de förutsättningar som råder för den tillitsbaserade styrningen och hur den påverkas av befintliga krav. Jag kunde ifrån min studie konstatera och dra slutsatsen att den byråkratiska logiken påverkar den tillitsbaserade styrningen. Det genom logikens krav på säkerhetsställande och efterföljande av lagar och regler, vilket enligt respondenterna begränsar möjligheterna att visa tillit, handlingsutrymme och medbestämmande som den tillitsbaserade styrningen förespråkar. Det framgick dessutom att marknadslogiken påverkar den tillitsbaserade styrningen genom logikens krav på ekonomisk effektivitet. / Since 2016, trust-based governance has been implemented in public organizations in Sweden, which there is not much research on. The trust-based governance differs greatly from the previous forms of governance that have characterized the public sector. Through a qualitative study, I have aimed to increase the understanding of how trust-based governance function with a bureaucratic logic and a market logic. My empiricism is collected through unstructured interviews from employees at the Swedish Transport Administration. During the study, I have used institutional theory to create an understanding of the prevailing prerequisites that exists for trust-based governance and how it is affected by existing demands. I could see and conclude from my study that a bureaucratic logic affects trust-based governance. This, through the logic's requirement for collateralization and compliance with laws and regulations, which according to the respondents, limits the opportunities to show confidence, room for action and co-determination as the trust-based governance advocates. It was also shown that the market logic affects trust-based governance through the logic's demand for financial efficiency.