Syfte: Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att öka förståelsen för hur samhällets och teknikens senaste utveckling har bidragit med nya marknadsföringskanaler och vad detta innebär för företags marknadsföringsstrategier. Med detta syfte som utgångspunkt har tre forskningsfrågor formulerats för att avgränsa forskningen än mer: Hur kan smartphones som marknadsföringskanal hjälpa företag att precisera sin marknadsföring till kunden? På vilket sätt har den nya mobila tekniken, i form av smartphones, påverkat företags segmenteringsmöjligheter? Hur kan ett företag använda sig av smartphones, som ett verktyg för att hantera kundrelationer? Metod: Uppsatsen är resultatet av en kvalitativ studie med en huvudsaklig induktiv inriktning. Primärdatainsamlingen har skett genom kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer. Slutsats: Efter att ha undersökt detta ämne har vi dragit slutsatsen att valet av smartphones som kanal kan hjälpa företag att precisera sin marknadsföring genom att telefonen är tillgänglig och personlig för kunden. Därför menar vi att kunders integritet och acceptans kommer att vara avgörande faktorer och viktiga att beakta. Timing är en väsentlig del av precisionsmarknadsföringen och vi har därför presenterat två nya begrepp; företagsstyrd timing och kundstyrd timing. Smartphones har även bidragit med nya möjligheter för företag att segmentera marknaden där vi framhållit slutsatsen att plats och kontext torde vara nya segmenteringsvariabler för företag att beakta. Vår slutsats är även att smartphones är en fördelaktig kanal när det kommer till byggande och hantering av kundrelationer och vi har sett tendenser till att kunden umgås med varumärket på ett sätt som tidigare inte varit möjligt. Vi introducerar ett nytt begrepp, interaktionsintensiva kommunikationsenheter, där smartphones ses som den ledande enhetstypen idag. Nyckelord: Mobilmarknadsföring, smartphones, precisionsmarknadsföring, kundstyrd timing[1], segmentering, kontext, relevans, integritet, kundrelationer, interaktionsintensiva kommunikationsenheter[2] [1]Begreppet är av oss introducerat och utgör en del av en egengjord modell. Se s 58, kapitel 5.1.1 [2]Vi har valt att introducera detta begrepp som ett samlingsnamn för en ny typ av marknadsföringskanal. Se s. 63, kapitel 5.1.3 / Purpose: The purpose of this study is to gain understanding of how the development of the society, as well as the technology, has increased the numbers of marketing channels and how they affect companies’ marketing strategies. In order to investigate this subject we have formulated three main questions: How can smartphones as a marketing channel help companies pinpoint their communication to the customer? How do smartphones affect companies' ability to segment the market? How can a company use smartphones, as a tool to manage customer relationships? Approach: We have done a qualitative study with an inductive approach. Primary data has been collected through seven qualitative semi-structured interviews with persons from different companies. Conclusions: After investigating this subject we have come to the conclusion that using smartphones as a marketing channel can help companies to pinpoint their marketing because of the device’s availability and because that the phone is personal to the customer. We mean that customers’ acceptance and integrity is very important to take into consideration and will be of great importance in how well companies will succeed in its use of smartphones as a marketing channel. Timing is another important question and we have therefore presented two new concepts; business-driven timing and customer-driven timing. Smartphones has also contributed with new strategies when it comes to market segmentation. We suggest place and context as new market segmentation variables so that companies could be able to find their customer in right place and in right time. We have also come to the conclusion that smartphones as a marketing channel is advantageous when it comes to building relationship to the customer and we have also seen tendencies that the customer socialize with the brand in a way that they has not been done before. We have also introduced a new concept, interactive communication devices, which is a name for a new type of marketing channels and where smartphones is the leading device today. Keywords: Mobile marketing, precision marketing, customer driven timing[3], market segmentation, context, relevance, integrity, brand, customer relationship, high interactive communication devices[4] [3]This is a new concept that we have introduced and is a part of a model that we have created. See page 58, chapter 5.1.1 [4]This is a new concept that we have introduced and is a concept for a new type of marketing channel, see page 63, chapter 5.1.3.

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Tourism comprises the world's largest industry, and beaches (marine tourism) are considered as one of the major tourism attractions in the world. Marine tourism includes different aspects such as the ocean, coastal water sports, hotels and restaurants, island and beach resorts, recreation, fishing boat operators, cruise ships and charter yacht companies. One of the main contributors to marine and wildlife tourism in South Africa, is South African National Parks (SANParks), comprising of 21 national parks. Of the 21 National Parks six are marine national parks covering 4004.4 square kilometres namely West Coast, Wilderness, Tsitsikamma, Addo Elephant, Agulhas and Table Mountain National Parks. The two most known Marine National Parks in South Africa are Tsitsikamma and Addo Elephant National Parks: Addo Elephant for the fact that it is the only national park in South Africa hosting the BIG 7, namely elephant, rhino, lion, buffalo, leopard, whales and great white sharks. Tsitsikamma National Park is important as it is the first and oldest Marine National Park in Africa. South African National Parks receive thousands of visitors each year and tourists visiting these parks are a source of revenue for national parks and by determining travel motives, marketing can be undertaken more effectively, and specific factors can be taken into account when the marketing strategies are being planned. The literature review indicated that an understanding of tourist motives is a key aspect in understanding tourist behaviour. If the travel motives of tourists are known to product owners, in the case of South African National Parks, they will assist the product owner with product development as well as its marketing strategy. By understanding tourist behaviour one can understand why tourists buy certain products and why they make certain decisions. Tourist behaviour can be analysed in terms of the purchasing process a tourist goes through when making a decision. Different tourists will have different decision making processes and will have different motives for buying different products and services. To be able to understand how buyers proceed through the decision making process one has to look at the tourist decision–making process which consists of different influences like demographic factors, the marketing mix, internal/ psychological, external/social and situational factors. From the literature review, the following travel motivations theories were identified: Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Murray's classification of needs, Mill and Morrison's needs and wants theory, Push and Pull theories and the Sun lust and Wanderlust theory. It was found in the literature review that there are some travel motives that are found in most of the nature based destinations such as “relaxation and escape”, “learn about nature” and “park attributes” to name but a few. The research, however, also found that travel motives are closely linked to what these destinations offer and it was also found that different marine destinations seem also to have different travel motives. The aim of this study is, therefore, to determine the travel motives of tourists to selected Marine National Parks in South Africa. Secondary data was used to determine the visitor's profile as well as the factor analysis on travel motives. Four hundred and eight questionnaires were administered to the Addo Elephant National Park and 495 to the Tsitsikamma National Park. The data analysis consisted of two parts, the first part was descriptive data and here the profile of the visitors to the two selected marine national parks was discussed. In the second part a factor analysis was conducted. The aim of a factor analysis is to reduce the data and to assist in the interpretation of the data. A factor analysis further describes the variance–covariance relationship among a number of variables in terms of a few underlying but unobservable random quantities, called factors. For this research a principal axis factor analysis with Oblimin with Kaiser Normalisation rotation was performed on the 22 travel motive items. The visitors' profiles for both the parks were quite similar except for the following: The largest percentage of the visitors to Tsitsikamma National Park were Afrikaans speaking and not as in the case of Addo Elephant National Park most tourists were English speaking, The major markets for Addo Elephant National Park, were the Western and Eastern Cape Provinces and for the Tsitsikamma National Park the major markets were Gauteng and the Western Cape Provinces. The factor analysis regarding travel motives revealed the following four factors: Education and knowledge seeking, Relaxation and escape, Park attributes and Family togetherness. A comparison was done regarding the travel motives of tourists to the two national parks to determine if there were any differences. A small to medium effect size was found for “relax and escape” and “education and learning about wildlife”, therefore, a small to medium statistical significant difference were found. This research confirmed that different marine destinations have different travel motives. Therefore, marketers can use this information and focus on individual marketing for each park based on the products they offer. / Thesis (M.Com. (Tourism))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

Tourism comprises the world's largest industry, and beaches (marine tourism) are considered as one of the major tourism attractions in the world. Marine tourism includes different aspects such as the ocean, coastal water sports, hotels and restaurants, island and beach resorts, recreation, fishing boat operators, cruise ships and charter yacht companies. One of the main contributors to marine and wildlife tourism in South Africa, is South African National Parks (SANParks), comprising of 21 national parks. Of the 21 National Parks six are marine national parks covering 4004.4 square kilometres namely West Coast, Wilderness, Tsitsikamma, Addo Elephant, Agulhas and Table Mountain National Parks. The two most known Marine National Parks in South Africa are Tsitsikamma and Addo Elephant National Parks: Addo Elephant for the fact that it is the only national park in South Africa hosting the BIG 7, namely elephant, rhino, lion, buffalo, leopard, whales and great white sharks. Tsitsikamma National Park is important as it is the first and oldest Marine National Park in Africa. South African National Parks receive thousands of visitors each year and tourists visiting these parks are a source of revenue for national parks and by determining travel motives, marketing can be undertaken more effectively, and specific factors can be taken into account when the marketing strategies are being planned. The literature review indicated that an understanding of tourist motives is a key aspect in understanding tourist behaviour. If the travel motives of tourists are known to product owners, in the case of South African National Parks, they will assist the product owner with product development as well as its marketing strategy. By understanding tourist behaviour one can understand why tourists buy certain products and why they make certain decisions. Tourist behaviour can be analysed in terms of the purchasing process a tourist goes through when making a decision. Different tourists will have different decision making processes and will have different motives for buying different products and services. To be able to understand how buyers proceed through the decision making process one has to look at the tourist decision–making process which consists of different influences like demographic factors, the marketing mix, internal/ psychological, external/social and situational factors. From the literature review, the following travel motivations theories were identified: Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Murray's classification of needs, Mill and Morrison's needs and wants theory, Push and Pull theories and the Sun lust and Wanderlust theory. It was found in the literature review that there are some travel motives that are found in most of the nature based destinations such as “relaxation and escape”, “learn about nature” and “park attributes” to name but a few. The research, however, also found that travel motives are closely linked to what these destinations offer and it was also found that different marine destinations seem also to have different travel motives. The aim of this study is, therefore, to determine the travel motives of tourists to selected Marine National Parks in South Africa. Secondary data was used to determine the visitor's profile as well as the factor analysis on travel motives. Four hundred and eight questionnaires were administered to the Addo Elephant National Park and 495 to the Tsitsikamma National Park. The data analysis consisted of two parts, the first part was descriptive data and here the profile of the visitors to the two selected marine national parks was discussed. In the second part a factor analysis was conducted. The aim of a factor analysis is to reduce the data and to assist in the interpretation of the data. A factor analysis further describes the variance–covariance relationship among a number of variables in terms of a few underlying but unobservable random quantities, called factors. For this research a principal axis factor analysis with Oblimin with Kaiser Normalisation rotation was performed on the 22 travel motive items. The visitors' profiles for both the parks were quite similar except for the following: The largest percentage of the visitors to Tsitsikamma National Park were Afrikaans speaking and not as in the case of Addo Elephant National Park most tourists were English speaking, The major markets for Addo Elephant National Park, were the Western and Eastern Cape Provinces and for the Tsitsikamma National Park the major markets were Gauteng and the Western Cape Provinces. The factor analysis regarding travel motives revealed the following four factors: Education and knowledge seeking, Relaxation and escape, Park attributes and Family togetherness. A comparison was done regarding the travel motives of tourists to the two national parks to determine if there were any differences. A small to medium effect size was found for “relax and escape” and “education and learning about wildlife”, therefore, a small to medium statistical significant difference were found. This research confirmed that different marine destinations have different travel motives. Therefore, marketers can use this information and focus on individual marketing for each park based on the products they offer. / Thesis (M.Com. (Tourism))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

Submitted by Odilon R. H. G. F. Costa (odilon.costa@pilum.com.br) on 2017-08-24T15:12:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Thesis - Odilon Costa - VF.pdf: 1688083 bytes, checksum: d501579a90541d6ff416fd0d3eb65507 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Pamela Beltran Tonsa (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br) on 2017-08-24T15:22:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Thesis - Odilon Costa - VF.pdf: 1688083 bytes, checksum: d501579a90541d6ff416fd0d3eb65507 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-24T17:17:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Thesis - Odilon Costa - VF.pdf: 1688083 bytes, checksum: d501579a90541d6ff416fd0d3eb65507 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-28 / Commercial real estate offers innumerous investment opportunities. Investors, financial institutions and regulators are interested in understanding what are the main determinants of value in real estate markets, measuring appropriate returns and risks related to target assets, and evaluating whether new market trends arising from institutional stakeholders, such as environmental labels, can contribute to property pricing. Differently from other financial asset classes, such as bonds and stocks, commercial buildings have low liquidity, are highly heterogeneous and depreciate over time, limiting their spatial and temporal comparability. Although the financial and economic literature about the industry has evolved significantly in developed economies, quantitative studies remain at embryonic stage in emerging markets. Given the populational and economic growth patterns from the last decades, there is an increasing concentration of emerging market cities among the largest urban agglomerations worldwide, and, consequently, higher demand for commercial properties. The main caveats for the development of quantitative real estate research are the lack of data, concentration of information among large consulting companies, and, in the case of emerging markets, low transparency and reliability in publicly available data. In this context, this research aims at contributing to the real estate literature with unique datasets for the largest office market in Latin America. This thesis is organized in three essays, comprising three distinct research questions surrounding the city of Sao Paulo. The objective of the first essay is to conceptually and empirically assess whether office markets can be viewed as an exclusive niche. The results, based on hedonic theory and regressions, indicate strong segmentation patterns as price formation comes primarily from the microeconomic needs of end users. The study also indicates that backdoor measures adopted by local specialists can be used as a proxy for segmentation when there is limited information on occupiers. The second essay revisits real estate indices available in Brazil and a number of technical and market-specific features which may be useful to improve existing indicators. Moreover, the study develops hedonic indices to highlight how the early recession affected Sao Paulo´s office market. The results show that market dynamics are very specific and emphasize the need for more detailed indicators. The third essay evaluates the relevance of the governance role of voluntary certification schemes based on the signaling literature. The empirical results show that third party audit schemes from internationally accredited institutions can affect real estate values. This essay not only compares labelled and non-labelled buildings, as done by previous studies, but also considers properties that did not obtain certification subsequent to registration. / O mercado imobiliário comercial oferece inúmeras oportunidades de investimento. Investidores, instituições financeiras e reguladores possuem interesse em entender quais são os principais determinantes de valor no setor imobiliário, mensurar retornos e riscos condizentes com os ativos-alvo, e avaliar se novas tendências decorrentes de demanda dos stakeholders institucionais, como a obtenção de selos ambientais, podem contribuir para o apreçamento de ativos. Diferentemente de outros tipos de ativos financeiros, tais como renda fixa ou variável, imóveis comerciais possuem pouca liquidez, são altamente heterogêneos e depreciam ao longo do tempo, limitando a sua comparação em âmbito temporal e espacial. Embora a literatura econômico-financeira sobre o setor tenha evoluído expressivamente em economias desenvolvidas, estudos quantitativos de grande escala continuam em estágio embrionário em mercados emergentes. Dado o crescimento econômico e populacional nas últimas décadas é natural que exista maior concentração de megalópoles emergentes entre as principais aglomerações urbanas mundiais e, consequentemente, o aumento relativamente mais expressivo da demanda por imóveis comerciais. Os principais limitadores para o desenvolvimento de pesquisas quantitativas no setor são a falta de dados, a centralização de informações em grandes consultorias imobiliárias e, no caso de países emergentes, a falta de transparência e confiabilidade nos dados disponíveis publicamente. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho visa contribuir para a literatura do setor imobiliário utilizando bases de dados únicas e contempla o maior mercado de escritórios da América Latina. Esta tese está organizada sob a forma de três ensaios, os quais abordam três questões distintas ao redor da cidade de São Paulo. O primeiro ensaio tem como objetivo avaliar conceitualmente e empiricamente se o mercado de escritórios pode ser visto como um nicho exclusivo. Os resultados, embasados em teoria e regressões hedônicas, indicam fortes indícios de fragmentação, bem como que a formação de preços advém principalmente das necessidades microeconômicas dos usuários finais. O estudo também indica que medidas backdoor adotadas por especialistas locais, podem ser usadas como proxy de fragmentação de mercado, quando há escassez de informações sobre os ocupantes. O segundo ensaio revisita os indicadores imobiliários disponíveis no Brasil e uma série de características técnicas e específicas do mercado local, que podem ser úteis ao aprimoramento dos índices existentes. Em seguida, desenvolveu-se indicadores hedônicos para mostrar como o início da recessão atual afetou o mercado de escritórios de São Paulo. Os resultados evidenciam que os ciclos imobiliários possuem aspectos muito específicos e enfatizam a necessidade de indicadores mais detalhados. O terceiro ensaio avalia a relevância do papel de governança econômica, associada às certificações ambientais voluntárias, com base na literatura de sinalização. Os resultados empíricos mostram que pareceres advindos de instituições internacionalmente acreditadas podem afetar os preços dos imóveis. Neste ensaio é feita a comparação de edifícios certificados e não-certificados, conforme feito em pesquisas anteriores, e foram estudados imóveis que não obtiveram o selo após o registro.

[pt] A construção da oferta de produtos e serviços representa um ponto de enorme relevância na elaboração da estratégia de marketing das empresas. Tratando-se de marketing de serviços, pode-se dizer que esse processo passa a ser ainda mais importante. Seu papel em garantir que o cliente perceba, ou não, a diferenciação e a vantagem competitiva, se torna ainda mais crítico. Por essa razão, garantir que haja total entendimento das necessidades e desejos dos clientes é a prioridade máxima de qualquer estratégia. Esta dissertação tem como principal objetivo entender os fatores que influenciam a contratação de serviços de consultoria estratégica no mercado de telecomunicações. As teorias de marketing de serviços e análise conjunta sustentam a base teórica. O trabalho está dividido em três etapas principais: a primeira identifica os atributos e níveis por meio de entrevistas em profundidade; a pesquisa de campo compõe a segunda etapa; e a última abrange a análise dos resultados e conclusões. Os seguintes atributos e respectivos níveis foram identificados : Tipo de firma (Big 5 ou Não Big 5), Presença e experiência na indústria (Global ou Local), Afinidade cultural com o cliente (Alta ou Baixa), Experiência anterior com o cliente (Sim ou Não), Capacidade de apoiar a execução do plano estratégico (Sim ou Não) e Flexibilidade contratual e comercial (Sim ou Não). A fase final de análise dos resultados identificou o seguinte mix com os maiores níveis de utilidade : Tipo de firma (Big 5), Presença e experiência na indústria (Global), Afinidade cultural com o cliente (Alta), Experiência anterior com o cliente (Sim), Capacidade de apoiar a execução do plano estratégico (Sim) e Flexibilidade contratual e comercial (Sim). Capacidade de apoiar a execução do plano estratégico (Sim) e Afinidade cultural com o cliente (Alta), apareceram em primeiro lugar, mostrando uma tendência do mercado a querer mais que apenas às tradicionais recomendações. / [en] Building offers and services portfolio are significant challenges, and for sure, represent important tasks in the marketing strategy activities of all major companies. In services marketing, due to its intrinsic subjective environment, this process becomes even more sensitive and key for achieving expected results. Its role in ensuring customer’s perception in regards to differentiation and competitive advantage is even more important. In conclusion, making sure customer’s needs and desires are fulfilled becomes a priority within overall strategy and marketing components. The main objectives of the dissertation are identifying and understanding the factors influencing the choice for strategy consulting services in the telecommunications market. Both services marketing and conjoint analysis sustain the theoretical basis. This dissertation is composed of three main phases: the first identifies the attributes and levels by using interviews; the field research at the second phase; and the last (third phase) takes care of the result analysis and conclusions. The following attributes and related levels were identified: Type of firm (Big 5 or Non Big 5), Presence and experience with the industry (Global or Local), Cultural alignment with customer (High or Low), Previous experience with the customer (Yes or No), Capability of supporting the execution of the strategic plan (Yes or No) e Contractual and commercial flexibility (Yes or No). And the final phase of result analysis identified the following mix for the highest utilities levels : Type of firm (Big 5), Presence and experience with the industry (Global), Cultural alignment with customer (High), Previous experience with the customer (Yes), Capability of supporting the execution of the strategic plan (Yes) e Contractual and commercial flexibility (Yes).

[pt] Crescendo em média doze por cento ao ano no período de 2010 a 2015, a indústria de filmes no Brasil ainda é dominada por produtos importados. Visto que o importante apoio governamental recebido não foi suficiente para garantir a hegemonia dos produtos nacionais, percebe-se a necessidade da orientação para o mercado objetivando resultados superiores. Portanto, este estudo busca identificar características de produto que otimizem sua utilidade para o público alvo. Para tanto, a pesquisa levantou os atributos de produto mais importantes e seus respectivos níveis sob a perspectiva da indústria, avaliando-os com base em diretrizes de mercado para sugestão de novos produtos. Trata-se de uma aplicação de análise conjunta, na qual é possível calcular a utilidade de diferentes produtos para a amostra, o que gera insights importantes para os produtores nacionais. O levantamento de atributos e níveis foi feito através de grupos foco com executivos da indústria e com consumidores, para garantir o entendimento mútuo. Tais informações foram base para geração de um projeto fatorial fracionado, essencial para a exequibilidade da survey realizada em sequência. A análise dos resultados permitiu a identificação do produto ideal para a amostra, além de permitir a definição dos produtos ideais para doze segmentos definidos a priori. Os resultados indicam que produtos com elenco nacional e gravados em português possuem utilidades inferiores aos produtos com elenco misto ou internacional, gravados em inglês ou em idioma misto. Adicionalmente, quebrou-se o paradigma de que o pouco uso de efeitos especiais é uma grande desvantagem da produção nacional. Percebe-se que coproduções internacionais, que são alianças estratégicas pouco utilizadas atualmente, constituem alternativas que podem amplificar a utilidade dos produtos nacionais. As coproduções internacionais possibilitam a captação em mais mercados e, em consequência, o uso de elenco misto e maior investimentos em aspectos técnicos e artísticos. Ao fim e ao cabo essa estratégia tende a reduzir barreiras de entrada nos grandes mercados internacionais, o que facilita a exportação e aumenta a atratividade do produto para investidores. / [en] Growing twelve per cent on average each year, from 2010 to 2015, the film industry in Brazil remains dominated by imported products. Acknowledging that the government support received by this industry was not enough to ensure national products hegemony, the necessity for company s orientation toward the maketplace is perceived. The objective of this study is to identify which product s features optimize the product s utility for it s target market. For such purpose, this study identified which product s attributes were more relevant and their respective levels according to the industry and evaluated them using market directives to develop new products. This is study is an application of conjoint analysis, in which the utility of different products for the sample can be calculated and insights produced to help national producers. Focus-groups with executives and customers were conducted to identify the attributes and their levels and assure mutual understanding. Such data was used in the fractional factorial design, essential for survey s feasibility. Outcome analysis indicated the ideal product for the sample and for each of the twelve market segment defined a priori. They also shown that the utility of Brazilian cast and Portuguese as a spoken language is lower to the sample than the utility of multi-national cast using more than one language. In addition, the paradigm that Brazilian films were in a disadvantage because of it s lack or few usage of special effects was broken. International co-productions, which are strategic alliances rarely used by Brazilian producers, constitutes an alternative that may amplify the utility of Brazilian films. They enable multi-market fundraising and, by consequence, multi-national cast and bigger investments in technical and artistic aspects. In summary, this strategy tend to reduce entry barriers in bigger markets, which facilitates export and attract more investments.

Recent studies have shown that graduates from historically White universities (HWUs) experience better labour market outcomes than graduates from historically Black universities (HBUs). This is a result of the legacy of apartheid which promoted racial inequality in all spheres of South African society, more especially in higher education and the labour market. Post-1994, government dedicated large amounts for the restructuring of the higher education sector of South Africa in order to level out the playing field. However, graduates from HWUs still experience better labour market success than graduates from HBUs. That said, there is limited information about the labour market outcomes and experiences of graduates from a former White university (especially graduates from Rhodes University). Therefore, the central aim of this dissertation is to show that graduates from a historically White university (Rhodes University) experience varying and unequal outcomes in the South African labour market on account of (among other factors) their chosen fields of study, race and sex. This study is informed by the heterodox labour market approach, which is partly inspired by the critical realist account of the labour market. As a result, this theoretical framework allowed the researcher to use the Labour Market Segmentation (LMS) theory as a tool to inform this analysis. The study has adopted a quantitative survey design and has incorporated some of the key methodological lessons learned from the collection of international graduate tracer studies. The findings from this study indicated that ‘field of study’ is a strong determiner of the outcomes of Rhodes graduates in the labour market. This was visible in the persistence of a skills bias towards commerce and science graduates. Evidently, even when we controlled for race and sex, graduates from the commerce and science faculties experience better labour market outcomes than humanities graduates. This is a result of a skills biased South African economy, which has a higher demand for certain skills over others. However, the findings from this study also show evidence of pre-labour market discrimination and inequality (based on race and sex) in the supply-side institutions such as the family, schooling and university. The findings also show continuities and discontinuities of labour market discrimination (based on race and sex) in the outcomes of Rhodes graduates in the South African labour market. More importantly, this dissertation indicates that Rhodes graduates experience varying outcomes in the labour market as a result of (among other factors) their chosen fields of study, race and sex.

This work analyses the structure and the progression of the ICT market in the Czech republic. The first part deal with czech ICT market segmentation with regards to different methods of particular institutions. The next chapter describes specific environment of the Czech republic, factors and conditions influencing the ICT market and companies progression. It is especially focused on macroeconomic development, policy in relation to ICT market, grant policy, flow of foreign direct investment, availability of labour force and relevant information technologies. The work also analyses market progression and related economic indicators such as a market volume measured by expenditures into ICT products and services and share of these expenditures in total GDP as well as expenditures per one employee. In addition it offers a view of progression of foreign trade with ICT products. The main part of this work deal with the structure of companies on the information a communication technology market in the Czech republic. The aim of this part is to analyze basic structural indicators such as number of active firms a its structure in accordance with their residence, legal entity and time of estabilishment, number of employees, revenues per employee or value added generated in ICT sector. The chapter also contains survey of firms from relevant ICT segments ordered by achieved annual turnover.

A high perceniage of vacani space within downtown Vancouver is composed of inaccessible rooftops that, through green roof implementation, are capable of sustaining a network of accessible open space that supports urban food production. With an increasing local interest in urban agriculture, an organic rooftop food production technology is due to emerge on the marketplace. This study explores the development of urban agriculture within downtown Vancouver as a potential incentive for green roof implementation. Through an analysis of current research and a related case study, a design for an organic herb garden was developed for an existing green roof above a specialty-foods grocery store in downtown Vancouver. This model allows the green roof to support the growing and selling of organic food on-site, bringing the celebration of food production to the public realm, while strengthening the connection between the green roof, its' built form and the surrounding community. The design integrates a highly-productive organic herb garden with social areas for on-site residents and employees. Using developed indicators for sustainability, a final comparative analysis of the proposed design against the related case study and existing site was completed. This study informs new directions for the social function of the green roof, while recognizing how policy and regulations for future urban development can support the advancement of urban agriculture. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Architecture and Landscape Architecture (SALA), School of / Graduate