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The purpose of this study was to explore what keeps nurses in nursing by examining the impact of the relational experiences between the nurse and her or his patient in the context of the nursing situation. Heideggerian hermeneutic phenomenology grounded the study and was the method used to interpret the registered nurse participants' meaning of their everydayness. The nurses' first hand perspectives elicited implications for nursing practice. This qualitative research study examined what keeps nurses in nursing. The eight registered nurse participants provided rich descriptive data from which four relational themes emerged: Practicing from Inner Core Beliefs, Understanding the Other from Within, Making a Difference, and Nursing as an Evolving Process. The hermeneutical interpretative process guided the researcher to synthesize the themes into a constitutive pattern of meaning which the researcher named Intentional Compassion Energy. In intentional caring consciousness, the nurse intentionally knows the nursed as whole. Compassion energy is the intersubjective gift of compassion that gives nurses the opportunity to be with the nursed. Compassion energy is composed of compassionate presence, patterned nurturance and intentionally knowing the nursed and self as whole. Thus, intentional compassion energy is defined as the regeneration of nurses' capacity to foster interconnectedness when the nurse activates the intent to nurse. Intentional compassion energy was discovered in the meaning of the nurse participants being in their everydayness of practice. The participants described the intention to care compassionately as the grounding of their practice, striving to understand the other, to make a difference while living their nursing as an evolving process. Hermeneutic phenomenology provided the opening to discover what keeps nurses in nursing. / by Dorothy J. Dunn. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2009. / Includes bibliography. / Electronic reproduction. Boca Raton, Fla., 2009. Mode of access: World Wide Web.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T17:27:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulo Eduardo Rodrigues Alves Evangelista.pdf: 781323 bytes, checksum: 7ad511b312139c0c2e42d4ac44e9ff8a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-12-11 / The publication of Martin Heidegger´s Complete Works has been offering new elements for students to consider his intelectual trajectory. In the early 1920´s, he shares Husserl´s perception that philosophy is [CONFUSÃO MIXED UP] and can only be phenomenology. He disagrees that phenomenology must be limited to the description of the consciousness. It is the explicitation of factical life experience (faktische Lebenserfahrung). In his theological studies, Heidegger discovered the questionability of each one´s concrete life. Theoretical knowledge, which drives contemporary philosophy and, according to him, has its beginning in greek philosophy, is unable to describe it. Factical life experience is not objective, thus a new method is necessary to describe it. Phenomenology is such method. This study focuses on the lecture course called Introduction to the Phenomenology of Religion, taught in the 1920-21 winter semester. The lessons show contemporary philosophy´s inability to access the factical life experience of primal christianity found on Saint Paul´s Epistles. Phenomenology allows such proto-christian religious experience to show itself. It is a way of living one´s life in which one figts against the tendency to seek ilusionary security in daily experiences. For the christian, the end of time is already present since conversion. And conversion is always actualized. Heidegger discovers a temporality that is different and inaccessible to theory, which only know chronological time. It is factical life experience´s kairological time. Metaphysics is thus a way of seeking security. In this study, the lesson course is contextualized within Heidegger´s historical moment. Philosophy and life are implicated. Next, Heidegger´s way of demonstrating factical life experience´s originality and philosophy´s need of returning to such origin are shown. To do so, are presented 1) a brief description of factical life experience , 2) the formal indication as the phenomenological concept able to describe it, and 3) philosophy and the sciences as its possibilities. At last, Heidegger´s interpretation of Saint Paul´s Epistles is followed in order to understand the apostle´s factical life according to how it shows itself, instead of taking as point of departure previously conceived theories. In doing so, it is human life which unveals itself. That is the task of phenomenology / A publicação das Obras Completas de Martin Heidegger tem oferecido aos estudiosos novos elementos para que se considere sua trajetória intelectual. Esta começa na teologia e desemboca na filosofia. No começo da década de 1920, ele compartilha com Husserl que a filosofia, que se encontra enredada em confusão com as ciências objetivas, só pode ser fenomenologia. Diverge de seu mestre, entretanto, em que a fenomenologia não se limita à descrição da consciência. Ela é explicitação da experiência de vida fáctica (faktische Lebenserfahrung). Nos estudos de cunho teológico, Heidegger descobrira a questionabilidade da vida concreta de cada qual. O conhecimento teórico, que anima a filosofia de sua contemporaneidade e cuja origem ele encontra na filosofia grega, mostra-se incapaz de tematizá-la. A experiência de vida fáctica não é objetiva, de modo que necessita de um novo método para ser tematizada. A fenomenologia é esse método. No presente estudo, destaca-se o curso ministrado no semestre de inverno de 1920-21, intitulado Introdução à Fenomenologia da Religião , no qual Heidegger demonstra a incapacidade da filosofia contemporânea de acessar a experiência de vida fáctica do cristão primitivo contida nas Epístolas Paulinas. Com a fenomenologia, a experiência religiosa protocristã pode mostrar-se. Trata-se de um modo de viver pelo qual se luta contra a tendência a encontrar ilusório asseguramento nas experiências quotidianas. O cristão é aquele para quem o fim dos tempos já se faz presente desde a conversão; esta sendo sempre atualizada. Heidegger encontra nisso uma temporalidade diferente e inacessível à teoria, que só conhece o tempo cronológico. É a temporalidade kairológica, própria da experiência de vida fáctica. A metafísica revela-se, assim, um modo de buscar asseguramento. Neste estudo, contextualiza-se o curso no momento histórico de vida de Heidegger, pois filosofia e vida imbricam-se. Em seguida, apresenta-se o exercício que ele realiza para demonstrar a originalidade da experiência de vida fáctica e a necessidade de a filosofia ser capaz de retornar a essa sua origem. Para isso, mostra-se 1) uma breve descrição da experiência de vida fáctica , 2) a indicação formal como conceito fenomenológico capaz de tematizá-la e 3) a filosofia e as ciências como possibilidades dela. Por fim, realiza-se com Heidegger a interpretação das Epístolas Paulinas, a fim de compreender a vida fáctica do apóstolo tal como se apresenta a partir dele, e não de teorias previamente concebidas. Com isso, é a vida humana que se desvela. Essa é a tarefa da fenomenologia

牟宗三的哲學系統建基於康德哲學，可謂眾所周知。不論批評抑或支持，論者均以牟宗三與康德表面上的親和關係而立論。本文嘗試擴闊相關課題的論域，論證牟宗三反覆申述的康德哲學，其實源於海德格的康德詮釋。他閱讀的康德，他建立的系統，均以「有限」與「超越」概念為焦點，這都是海德格影響下的結果。因此，本文的目標是雙重的：其一，重新評估牟宗三的哲學系統，我們應該重視他與海德格之間的對話，不應該只側重他與康德的關係；其二，顯示「有限」與「超越」概念如何有助我們重構中國哲學。 / 本文共分五章。第一章檢討學界現況，說明牟宗三與海德格之間關係的研究素被忽略，本文將論證海德格在牟宗三的哲學中扮演了關鍵的角色。第二、三章探討兩者哲學歷程上的相似性，點出兩人如何從生命哲學轉到存在論的研究。接下來的兩章，本文重點剖析牟宗三與海德格的兩個基本概念，一個是「有限」，另一個是「超越」。本文會研究牟宗三如何繼承海德格的概念，又如何使用這些概念來闡述他的存在論。牟宗三強調「智的直覺」並非出於誤解，那是他回應海德格基礎存在論的策略。 / It is well-known that Mou’s system of philosophy is constructed through a transformation of Kant’s philosophy. Both critics and followers of Mou make their stance based on the apparently intimate relation of his thought to Kant’s philosophy. My own inquiry will broaden this scope by trying to demonstrate how Mou’s much-discussed Kantianism is rooted in his close reading of Heidegger’s Kant interpretation. Under Heidegger’s influence, Mou’s own reading of Kant and his system of philosophy focus on the concepts of “finitude and “transcendence. Now the purpose of my thesis is twofold: first, the system of Mou’s philosophy should be reassessed through a dialogue with Heidegger, not merely with Kant; second, it will be shown how the reconstruction of the Chinese philosophy through concepts like “finitude and “transcendence is possible. / This thesis is divided into five chapters. The first chapter reviews the state of current scholarship on Mou’s relation to Heidegger. This issue is largely neglected. I will argue that it is Heidegger who plays a crucial role in Mou’s philosophical development. The second and the third chapters are concerned with the similarity of their approaches to philosophy, i.e. the transformation from a philosophy of life to ontology. The following two chapters focus on the two fundamental concepts of both Mou and Heidegger -- finitude and transcendence. I will investigate how Mou inherits Heideggerian concepts and uses them to articulate his own ontology. Taking this backdrop into consideration, the purpose of Mou’s emphasis on intellectual intuition comes to the foreground, which I understand not as the result of a misunderstanding of Kant’s, but as his strategy in response to Heidegger’s fundamental ontology. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 劉保禧. / Thesis submitted in 2012. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 265-272). / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Liu Baoxi. / 摘要 --- p.i / 鳴謝 --- p.iii / 目錄 --- p.iv / 引用與縮寫 --- p.viii / Chapter 第一章 --- 導論：隱匿的對話 --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- 前言：海德格籠罩下的陰影 --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- 文本根據：牟宗三筆下的海德格 --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- 主題式的理解：牟宗三論西方哲人 --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- 理論勁敵：牟宗三論海德格 --- p.10 / Chapter 1.2.2.1 --- 起點：上帝隱退與神聖之感 --- p.10 / Chapter 1.2.2.2 --- 誤讀：海德格與主體性 --- p.12 / Chapter 1.2.2.3 --- 轉折：海德格的康德詮釋 --- p.16 / Chapter 1.3 --- 理論根據：有限與超越 --- p.23 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- 柏拉圖的兩個世界 --- p.24 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- 牟宗三：兩個世界的圓融無礙 --- p.25 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- 海德格：時間、有限與超越 --- p.27 / Chapter 1.3.4 --- 有限與無限之爭 --- p.31 / Chapter 1.4 --- 本文定位 --- p.33 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- 學界現況：牟宗三與漢語哲學 --- p.33 / Chapter 1.4.1.1 --- 牟宗三與康德 --- p.36 / Chapter 1.4.1.2 --- 牟宗三與黑格爾 --- p.37 / Chapter 1.4.1.3 --- 牟宗三與海德格 --- p.40 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- 隱匿的對話 --- p.44 / Chapter 1.4.2.1 --- 「隱匿」 --- p.46 / Chapter 1.4.2.2 --- 「對話」 --- p.48 / Chapter 1.4.3 --- 研究範圍 --- p.50 / Chapter 1.4.4 --- 論文佈局 --- p.53 / Chapter 第二章 --- 生命：實況性與氣質 --- p.55 / Chapter 2.1 --- 前言：同一的思想軌跡 --- p.55 / Chapter 2.2 --- 海德格：生命、實況性與詮釋 --- p.56 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- 實況性的詮釋 --- p.59 / Chapter 2.2.1.1 --- 生命與實況性 --- p.60 / Chapter 2.2.1.2 --- 詮釋 --- p.65 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- 小結 --- p.72 / Chapter 2.3 --- 牟宗三：生命的學問 --- p.74 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- 建構理論的純學院式人物？ --- p.74 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- 生命的學問 --- p.76 / Chapter 2.3.2.1 --- 「生命」 --- p.77 / Chapter 2.3.2.2 --- 「學問」 --- p.80 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- 小結 --- p.84 / Chapter 2.4 --- 生命哲學的交鋒 --- p.85 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- 「英雄式的勇敢哲學」：牟宗三論海德格的生命哲學 --- p.85 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- 海德格的可能辯護 --- p.89 / Chapter 2.5 --- 結語：真正的分歧 --- p.94 / Chapter 第三章 --- 存在論：一個世界抑或兩個世界？ --- p.97 / Chapter 3.1 --- 康德的遺稿 --- p.97 / Chapter 3.2 --- 牟宗三：兩層存有論 --- p.99 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- 存在論的轉向 --- p.100 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- 現象與物自身 --- p.105 / Chapter 3.2.2.1 --- 「現象」所以可能的根據 --- p.108 / Chapter 3.2.2.2 --- 「物自身」所以可能的根據 --- p.111 / Chapter 3.2.2.3 --- 「現象與物自身」所以可能的根據 --- p.114 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- 基本存有論 --- p.116 / Chapter 3.3 --- 海德格：基礎存在論 --- p.122 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- 「兩個觀點」的閱讀方式 --- p.122 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- 存在論的差異 --- p.126 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- 哥白尼式革命 --- p.128 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- 範疇論與存活論 --- p.131 / Chapter 3.3.5 --- 存在論的「基礎」 --- p.136 / Chapter 3.4 --- 結語：無本之論 --- p.138 / Chapter 第四章 --- 有限：智的直覺與想像力 --- p.139 / Chapter 4.1 --- 前言：有限抑或無限？--牟宗三與海德格的正面衝突 --- p.139 / Chapter 4.2 --- 「有限性」的哲學意涵 --- p.141 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- 康德：人是甚麼？ --- p.142 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- 海德格：人的有限性 --- p.143 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- 牟宗三：人雖有限而可無限 --- p.144 / Chapter 4.3 --- 「有限」的界線 --- p.145 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- 康德 --- p.145 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- 海德格 --- p.149 / Chapter 4.4 --- 越界：牟宗三論「智的直覺」 --- p.152 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- 「智的直覺」為何可能？ --- p.154 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- 「無限」為何可能？ --- p.160 / Chapter 4.4.2.1 --- 「命」之限制 --- p.163 / Chapter 4.4.2.2 --- 無限的歷程？. --- p.168 / Chapter 4.5 --- 化無限為有限：海德格論「想像力」 --- p.173 / Chapter 4.5.1 --- 質疑：想像力不是「共根」 --- p.174 / Chapter 4.5.2 --- 回應：想像力、圖式論與共根 --- p.175 / Chapter 4.5.2.1 --- 想像力 --- p.177 / Chapter 4.5.2.2 --- 圖式論 --- p.179 / Chapter 4.5.2.3 --- 共根？ --- p.185 / Chapter 4.6 --- 處境與可能性：海德格對牟宗三的可能批判 --- p.190 / Chapter 4.6.1 --- 處境 --- p.191 / Chapter 4.6.2 --- 可能性 --- p.194 / Chapter 4.7 --- 結語：哲學家之間的思想對話 --- p.197 / Chapter 第五章 --- 超越：天道與界域 --- p.199 / Chapter 5.1 --- 前言：關於「超越」的爭議 --- p.199 / Chapter 5.2 --- 牟宗三：超越而內在 --- p.200 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- 上帝隱退與神聖之感 --- p.201 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- 作為宗教的儒學 --- p.202 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- 爭議：「無本之論」--牟宗三論海德格的超越 --- p.205 / Chapter 5.2.3.1 --- 超越論的對象 = x --- p.207 / Chapter 5.2.3.2 --- 真正的「超越」 --- p.211 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- 正名：transcendent 與transcendental --- p.212 / Chapter 5.2.4.1 --- 康德 --- p.213 / Chapter 5.2.4.2 --- 牟宗三 --- p.214 / Chapter 5.2.5 --- 質疑：「超越而內在」是否可能？ --- p.216 / Chapter 5.3 --- 海德格：此在的超越 --- p.224 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- 為形而上學奠基 --- p.225 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- 此在、世界與超越 --- p.228 / Chapter 5.3.2.1 --- 此在 --- p.230 / Chapter 5.3.2.2 --- 世界 --- p.232 / Chapter 5.3.2.3 --- 超越 --- p.234 / Chapter 5.3.2.4 --- 小結 --- p.235 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- 根據的本質 --- p.237 / Chapter 5.3.3.1 --- 界域 --- p.237 / Chapter 5.3.3.2 --- 無 --- p.239 / Chapter 5.3.3.3 --- 根據 --- p.240 / Chapter 5.3.3.4 --- 小結 --- p.243 / Chapter 5.4 --- 道德與歷史：兩條取代宗教的道路 --- p.244 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- 牟宗三：以道德代宗教 --- p.244 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- 海德格：以歷史代宗教 --- p.246 / Chapter 5.5 --- 結語：同一與差異 --- p.248 / Chapter 第六章 --- 結論：有限者的超越 --- p.251 / Chapter 附錄一： --- 詞彙表 --- p.257 / Chapter 附錄二： --- 外文著作學者姓名對照表 --- p.263 / 參考書目 --- p.265

The aim of this study is to attempt a re-conceptualisation of ethics and politics away from the well-rehearsed structure of singularity versus community, particularity or individuality versus universality, as well as from the inadequate dyadic positioning of these sets of terms. Dominant scholarship on Lévinas's and Derrida's work has generally been divided into those who see Derrida's work as continuing the Lévinasian legacy, and thus having little to offer to the political, and those who would like to divorce the trajectory of deconstruction from the Lévinasian heritage, and thus reveal it as being inherently political. The above split in opinion is largely based on a divergence in the interpretation of Lévinas's own writings as essentially about ethics, and therefore as either having little to offer to our thinking of the political, or as undergoing something like a ‘split', with the focus coming to rest more clearly on politics through the figure of the third, in later writings. My contribution to this impasse is to foreground a recent, though much overlooked notion within Jacques Derrida's work as an alternative to thinking being-with: that of community of singularities. I also suggest the notions of alteronomy and fiendship as alternatives to thinking being-with, which take into account the way in which the other-within-the-self restructures the concepts of freedom and autonomy and takes them beyond a humanist context. I will be arguing from two overarching points: a) that Lévinas's own work can convincingly be interpreted as not only concerned with the political from his earliest writings, but as setting up the political as the interruptive force within the ethical, thus providing a shift in perspective for what is essentially a mutually-interruptive relation between ethics and politics, and b) that Derrida's own writing need not be ‘divorced' from Lévinas's trajectory of thought, in order to be considered as having something to offer to our re-thinking of the relation between ethics and politics.

Submitted by Cleide Dantas (cleidedantas@ufpa.br) on 2014-07-02T16:35:30Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_GuimaraesRosaMartin.pdf: 1057903 bytes, checksum: 8e72a35d0e08156458784cd8912a68c0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Rosa Silva (arosa@ufpa.br) on 2014-07-03T16:35:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_GuimaraesRosaMartin.pdf: 1057903 bytes, checksum: 8e72a35d0e08156458784cd8912a68c0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-03T16:35:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_GuimaraesRosaMartin.pdf: 1057903 bytes, checksum: 8e72a35d0e08156458784cd8912a68c0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / No ano de 1970 houve a publicação da obra póstuma Ave, palavra de Guimarães Rosa (1908-1967) que reúne alguns textos do autor, desta coletânea de textos se faz a escolha das crônicas “O mau humor de Wotan”, “A velha” e “A senhora dos segredos”, que giram em torno do contexto do Nazismo alemão e expõem uma posição contraria ao Nacional Socialismo. Num primeiro momento o trabalho busca mostrar como Benedito Nunes (1929-2011) se guiou por uma tendência interpretativa concebida por comentadores heideggerianos antes das obras completas [Gesamtausgabe] (2001), tal tendência postula que não há na Filosofia de Martin Heidegger (1889-1976) um vínculo entre o pensamento político e o filosófico. O passo seguinte expõe a noção heideggeriana em Ser e Verdade (2001) em que o filósofo alemão propõe uma fundamentação ideológica para o Nazismo, sendo favorável a este com certas ressalvas. Assim, mostra-se como as obras completas expõem argumentos que apontam uma limitação em relação aos comentadores que produziram antes de sua publicação sobre a Política e a Filosofia em Heidegger. No subcapítulo sobre O local da diferença (2005), trata-se do trauma e do testemunho como conceitos centrais que o autor coloca para teorizar as Literaturas do século XX nos contextos de guerra e de regimes autoritários. Após, faz-se uma leitura crítica com base na premissa do pensamento político filosófico em Heidegger nas crônicas rosianas, pois estas expõem imagens do período da Alemanha nazista que o escritor mineiro esteve como diplomata. A segunda crítica das crônicas de guerra será feita com base nos conceitos de trauma e de testemunho formulados por Seligmann-Silva (1964), pois, as obras rosianas tratadas demonstram o teor de autoritarismo do partido nazista. Por fim, será feita uma definição do conceito de recepção de Hans Robert Jauss (1921-1997) para em seguida discutir os autores que fizeram a recepção críticas das crônicas rosianas. / In 1970 occurred the publication of the posthumous book Ave, palavra of Guimarães Rosa (1908-1967) which gathers some texts of the author, from this collection of texts it has chosen the chronicles “O mau humor de Wotan”, “A velha” and “A senhora dos segredos”, which revolve around the context of German Nazism and expose a contrary position to National Socialism. At first moment, this work aims to show how Benedito Nunes (1929-2011) was guided by an interpretive tendency designed by heideggerianos commentators before the complete works [Gesamtausgabe] (2001), such a tendency postulates that there is not, in the philosophy of Martin Heidegger (1889-1976), a link between the political thought and the philosophical. The next step exposes the heideggerian notion in Ser e Verdade (2001) in which the german philosopher proposes an ideological basis for Nazism, being in favor of this with certain restrictions. This way, it shows how the complete works set out arguments that point to a limitation in relation to the commentators who produced before its publication about Politics and Philosophy in Heidegger. In subchapter about O local da diferença (2005), it deals with trauma and testimony as central concepts that the author puts to theorize the Literatures of the 20th century in the contexts of war and authoritarian regimes. After, it makes a critical reading based on the premise of philosophical political thought on Heidegger in the chronicles of Rosa, because they expose images from the period of Nazi Germany when the brazilian writer was working as a diplomat. The second review of the war chronicles will be made based on the concepts of trauma and testimony formulated by Seligmann-Silva (1964), because the works of Rosa treated demonstrate the level of authoritarianism of the Nazi party. Finally, it will be made a definition of the concept of reception of Hans Robert Jauss (1921-1997) to then discuss the authors who made the critical reception of the chronicles of Guimarães Rosa.

仲輝. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 155-164) / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Zhong Hui.

Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Filosofía mención en Metafísica / El problema principal de esta Tesis, y sobre el cual girarán todo el resto, está planteado desde ya, en el mismo título: el nihilismo. Abordaremos el concepto de nihilismo desde el significado que tiene para nuestra época, como reflejo de un síndrome generalizado. Para cumplir nuestra misión expositiva, nos apoyaremos básicamente, en un autor, tan profético como polémico, que vaticinó el nihilismo y declamó la decadencia de nuestra cultura Occidental. No cien por ciento filósofo, cosa que dejó siempre bien en claro. Un psicólogo, más bien, como solía auto catalogarse. Escritor, por necesidad fisiológica y espiritual. Personificó una declaración de guerra a la moral cristiana y cargó con todo el peso de la cruz social, que le acarreó el definirse como anticristiano. Discípulo de Dionisos, maestro del aforismo, padre literario de Zaratustra, fundador de la “Doctrina del eterno retorno”; y quien, se calificara a sí mismo como, el anticristo.

Il s'agit de repenser le politique à partir de la thématique de l'amitié. Pour ce faire, nous formulons d'abord une critique de ses conceptions dominantes dans la tradition philosophique et en tirons ensuite les conséquences sur les principaux paradigmes d'analyse et d'organisation politique. Puisque la compréhension que nous avons du rapport à autrui n'est jamais étrangère au mode de régulation sociale qui s'institue, il appert que le traitement philosophique de l'amitié renseigne de façon privilégiée sur le sens donné historiquement à la vie publique. Si, aux origines de la pensée occidental nous observons une dévalorisation des affections mondaines au profit d'une recherche des conditions de l'amour d'un être absolu, nous y voyons l'origine des principales apories dans lesquelles se meuvent les modes contemporains d'institutionnalisation politique -tel est le sens d'une critique de l'immanentisme. Cette optique met en lumière l'impératif de redéfinir l'articulation et la place de l'affect dans l'existence humaine à partir de courants inspirés de la phénoménologie, lesquels rétablissent une préoccupation pour l'amitié, et le rapport à l'autre en général qui devient absolument central à leurs recherches. Il s'agit en somme d'une lecture de l'idée de Martin Heidegger d'une « sollicitude » positive qui vise à fixer les conditions d'un espace public émancipateur -si cette possibilité apparaît d'emblée exclue de l'éthique de l'être-pour- la-mort une interprétation de Giorgio Agamben du concept d'amour chez le philosophe procure un nouveau souffle à l'analytique de l'être-avec-autrui (Mitdasein), et argumentons-nous, un éclairage original sur l'expérience de la communauté politique. Nous nous appuyons donc sur le concept de monde, que chez Heidegger, relocalise la vérité dans la concrétude de l'existence mondaine et effectue ainsi un premier dépassement d'une tradition qui cherchait à s'en extraire, et sur la philosophie de l'action de Hannah Arendt qui opère un second dépassement restituant la vérité au monde commun des apparences. La politique s'y jouant la compréhension que nous en proposons met en lumière certains écueils érigés par la métaphysique occidentale et prêche en faveur d'une reconsidération de la dimension éminemment plurielle de l'être. Elle en appelle à une ontologie plurielle -projet que, pour des raisons évidentes, nous nous contentons d'énoncer. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Amitié, Communauté, Politique, Pluralité, Martin Heidegger, Hannah Arendt.