The Thesis is devoted to the comparison of respecting children needs in Czech nursery schools and British nursery schools in the Czech Republic. It is concerned with the Czech statutory framework called Rámcový vzdělávací program pro předškolní vzdělávání and the British document called the Statutory Framework for the Early Years Foundation Stage. Using content analysis the work examines both the documents and determines their approaches to satisfy needs of children. The second part of the research, conducted through observation, is figuring out how needs according to the Maslow A. are met in the practise of these nurseries. The content analysis and observation is used to discern whether the practise of the nurseries corresponds with their educational program in the area of satisfying children needs.

目前線上購物網站正面臨著削價競爭、低品質競爭的市場困境，而跨境線上購物卻展現出蓬勃的發展態勢。也由於跨境線上購物的複雜性遠高於傳統的境內線上購物，因此了解跨境消費者之價值是跨境線上購物最重要的成功因素。業者欲開發海外新市場，必須了解該地消費者行為與其決策過程後制定出好的商業策略，才能獲得消費者青睞。 因此本研究以方法目的鏈之「屬性-結果-價值」(attribute-consequence-value)階層分析,建構消費者對跨境線上購物的價值階層圖(hierarchical value map)，探討並分析其中的內涵，並帶入馬斯洛需求層級(hierarchy of needs)，將價值階層元素之重要性加以排序。藉由引取消費者在使用跨境線上購物服務的理由與所帶來的內在價值，預測與分析現在跨境線上購物之的演進與發展、國際貿易之機會等，勾勒線上購物學術界的未來重要研究方向，並供線上購物產業作實務性決策參考。 / While online shopping websites are facing the difficulties of price and low-quality competition, cross-border online shopping is on a vigorous development trend, showing that cross-border online shopping is an important trend of online shopping field. Due to the complexity of cross-border online shopping is much higher than the traditional domestic online shopping, so understanding the value of cross-border online shopping consumers is the most important success factors. Companies want to develop new markets abroad, must understand the local consumer’s behavior and their decision-making process in order to make good business strategies. This study uses means-end chain to construct Taiwanese cross-border online shopping consumers’ hierarchical value map, and also apply to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, then sorting these value elements’ importance by their position in hierarchy of needs. After obtained the reason why consumers use cross-border online shopping service and what values they got in this service. Researcher can predict and analyze the evolution and development of cross-border online shopping, provide reference for future online shopping academic studies and online shopping industry’s decision-making.

Nurses constitute the largest professional group in South Africa's health care services. Factors contributing to South African nurses' emigration were studied qualitatively by analysing expatriate nurses' responses to open-ended questions, and quantitatively by analysing newly registered nurses' responses to structured questionnaires. These results were contextualised within Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory, revealing that nurses' inability to meet their physiological needs, due to inadequate remuneration, was the major factor contributing to nurses' emigration potential. While improved salaries might enable more nurses to remain in South Africa, expatriate nurses would not return to South Africa unless certain esteem and self-actualisation needs could also be satisfied. Improving nurses' salaries is essential to address South African nurses' emigration potential. However, improved working conditions, enhanced workplace security, improved levels of job satisfaction and the appointment of nurses into currently frozen posts are also necessary, as is governmental and public recognition of the value of the profession. The South African nursing profession, health care services, Government and society should urgently address factors contributing to South African nurses' emigration potential; otherwise a serious shortage of nurses could cause the collapse of this country's health care services. / Health Studies / DLITT ET PHIL (HEALTH ST)

Church growth missiology has been severely criticized by ecumenical, but also by evangelical missiologists. This often led to its rejection as it was considered incompatible with other missiological approaches. But church growth does deal effectively with important issues as other missiologies do. In light of Martin Luther's interpretation of the First Commandment a more general wholistic missiological approach is requested, which considers the full spectrum of human needs, and under which church growth can function with other missiologies together. The treatment of the task of missiology and the unity by attitude of the missiologist contribute to the argument. Therefore four major criticisms brought forth against church growth are dealt with in order to evaluate and finally suggest a potential theological compatibility of this approach with other missiologies. This is further confirmed by a brief introduction to important elements of the present status of church growth theory development / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / Th. M. (Missiology)

Syftet med uppsatsen har varit att undersöka om Turkiets nuvarande politiska situation påverkar svensk-turkars vilja att åka till sitt ursprungsland. Den metod som har använts i denna undersökning är både en kvalitativ och en kvantitativ metod. De teorier som författarna har använt inkluderar bland annat Maslows behovspyramid, Hsu et al.s Hierarchy of destination selection model och Simpson och Siguaws teorier om turism och risk.   En enkätundersökning har genomförts med trettio svensk-turkar samt med representanter från Ving och TUI. Frågorna som ställdes till svensk-turkarna handlade om varför de valde eller inte valde att resa till Turkiet med tanke på landets politiska instabilitet. Vi frågade också om bristen på säkerhet i Turkiet är något som oroar dem eller betyder något när de väljer resmål. Författarna undrade också om informanternas etniska bakgrund påverkat valet att resa till Turkiet. Den analys som utförts är byggd på fem teman som hittats i den empiriska studien. De har kopplats till de teoretiska utgångspunkterna med syfte att undersöka hur det senaste politiska kaoset i Turkiet har påverkat svensk-turkars resvanor till landet.   Vi har kunnat konstatera att våra svensk-turkiska respondenters resvanor till Turkiet inte har påverkats så mycket av den politiska instabiliteten. De flesta har i någon mån, på grund av den politiska instabiliteten, börjat tänka mer på vilka delar av Turkiet de reser till men har inte minskat frekvensen på sina resor i någon större utsträckning. Det var endast nio av trettio respondenter som helt slutat åka till Turkiet på grund av den politiska instabiliteten i landet. En av respondenterna skrev att anledningen till att han slutat åka till Turkiet beror på att han inte vill bidra ekonomiskt till landet eftersom han är emot dess regerings politik. Åtta av trettio svenskturkar i vår undersökning tycker att media på ett alltför negativt sätt skildrat den politiska instabiliteten i Turkiet och att de därför inte låtit det påverka sina resvanor. / The purpose of this thesis has been to investigate whether Turkey's current political situation affects swedish-turks willingness to travel to their country of origin. A qualitative and a quantitative method have been used in this study. The theories used include, among others, B. Maslow's hierarchy of needs pyramid, Hsu et al.s Hierarchy of destination selection model and Simpson and Siguaw's theories about tourism and risk.  Surveys sent by e-mail have been carried out with thirty swedish-turks and representatives from Ving and TUI. Some of the questions that were asked to the swedish-turks regarded if they still chose to travel to Turkey even though they are aware of the country's political instability. We also asked if the lack of security in Turkey is something that concerns them or matters when choosing a destination. The authors also wondered if their ethnic background influenced the choice to travel to Turkey. The analytical part of the thesis is based on five themes found in the empirical study linked to the theoretical starting points with the purpose of investigating how the latest political chaos in Turkey has affected the swedish-turks travel habits.  We have found that the swedish-turks travel habits to Turkey have not been affected in a greater scale by the political instability. Although because of the political instability, some of them have begun to be more careful about which parts of Turkey they visit but they have not reduced the frequency of their travels to any significant extent. Only nine out of thirty swedish-turks have completely ceased to travel to Turkey and one of the survey respondents mentioned that the reason he stopped traveling there is because he does not want to contribute financially to the Turkish government as he is against their policies. Eight out of thirty of the swedish-turks found that the media portrayed the political instability in Turkey in an excessively negative way and therefore they have not let this affect their travel habits.

The purpose of this thesis is to prove that despite consumers' impression that they are alone in deciding their consumption decision they are wrong. Consumers are manipulated on various levels by marketers. It is the marketer who decides what consumer identities should be created. Consumers are persuaded by marketers on different levels beginning with consumers' needs. Marketers begin by appealing to consumer drives, motivations and emotions to persuade their consumers to purchase their brand. On a more in-depth level marketers manipulate consumers by using a variety of human behaviour learning strategies to sway consumers' purchasing decisions. In addition, marketers use various environmental and social-environmental influences to control their consumers. Lastly, a practical example illustrating the multinational corporation Nike is used, to prove that marketers are aware of these different methods and use them to manipulate consumers. In the end of this paper it is very obvious that consumers are easily persuade by marketers. A consumer is only the puppet while the marketer is the puppet string master.

Inledning: Tidigare studier visar att det måste finnas en balans mellan monetära och icke-monetära belöningar. Då den offentliga sektorn finansieras med skattemedel är dock möjligheten till monetära belöningar begränsad vilket kan ha en påverkan på belöningssystemets balans. Studiens syfte är således att undersöka eventuella skillnader mellan monetära och icke-monetära belöningssystem kopplat till motivation samt hur balansen mellan dessa uppnås inom offentlig sektor. Litteraturgenomgång: Under denna rubrik upphämtas information om olika motivationsteorier som bland annat Maslow (1943) och Herzberg (1968) har gjort. Sedan upphämtas även information om motivationsteorierna Public Service Motivation och Self Determination Theory. Det ges även en genomgång på vad belöningssystem, monetära belöningar samt icke-monetära belöningar är samt en presentation av belöningssystem inom offentlig sektor.Metod: För att besvara studiens frågeställningar används en kvalitativ ansats genom semistrukturerade intervjuer. Detta eftersom medarbetarnas upplevelser av belöningssystemet skulle undersökas. Urvalet består av ekonomer anställda i två svenska kommuner (Sunne/Torsby). Resultat: Studien visar att monetära belöningar inte har någon större påverkan på medarbetarnas motivation i deras dagliga arbete men att icke-monetära belöningar både påverkar deras prestation och effektivitet i arbetet. Bristande monetära belöningar kan dock vara en anledning till att lämna offentlig sektor. Analys, diskussion och slutsats: Slutsatsen dras att monetära belöningar är en förutsättning för att arbeta och för att inte känna missnöje och att den begränsade möjligheten till monetära belöningar inte har någon större inverkan på medarbetarnas motivation. De icke-monetära belöningar agerar däremot som motivatorer i större utsträckning och har en chans att nå medarbetarnas inre motivation. / Introduction: Former studies shows that it must be a balance between monetary and non-monetary rewards. The public service is financed with tax assets which sets an limitation of how much monetary rewards you can get, which also can affect the balance in the reward system. The study aims to explore if there are any differences between monetary and non-monetary rewards connected to motivation and how the balance between these can be achieved within the public service. Literature review: Within this heading are a few motivation theories, such as Maslow (1943) and Herzberg (1968) presented. The chapter also present information about the motivation theories Public Service Motivation and Self Determination Theory. Furthermore, explanations of the study’s central concepts reward system, monetary rewards and non-monetary rewards are given. This is followed by a presentation of previous research that examines different perspectives of public service reward systems. Method: To reciprocate the issues of the study, a qualitative approach through semi-structured interviews is applied. This because of the study’s purpose that aims to analyze the public service coworkers’ experiences of the reward system. The respondents are economists employed within two Swedish municipalities.Result: The study shows that monetary rewards have no significant impact on employees’ motivation in their daily work but that non-monetary rewards affect both their performance and efficiency in the work. However, lack of monetary rewards can be a reason to leave the public sector. Analysis, discussion and conclusion: It is concluded that monetary rewards are a prerequisite for working and not feeling dissatisfaction, and that the limited opportunity for monetary rewards has no major impact on employee’s motivation. The non-monetary rewards, on the other hand, act as motivators to a greater extent and have a chance to reach employees’ inner motivation.

Företagens rekryteringsbehov har ökat kraftigt under de senaste två åren, det visar sig att tre av tio rekryteringsförsök misslyckas på grund av att det är svårt att finna kandidater med rätt utbildning, tidigare yrkeslivserfarenhet och motivation. Platsannonser har en betydande roll för att attrahera kandidater och är en viktig del i rekrytering, chansen att rekrytera den ideala kandidaten börjar redan vid platsannonsen. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka vilken roll platsannonser har i ett företags svårighetermed att rekrytera ekonomistudenter tillhörande millennials. Studien har sin teoretiska grund i Maslows behovshierarki och Herzbergs tvåfaktorsteori för att förklara och analyseraekonomistudenters motivation och behov i relation till en arbetsplats. “Anticipatorypsychological contract“ används för att se i vilken grad platsannonserna uppfyller studenternas krav samt förväntningar på en tjänst och Instrumentell-symbolisk teori används för att se hur platsannonser påverkar studenternas beslut att söka en tjänst. En kvalitativ studie genomfördes där tolv civilekonomstudenter intervjuades och sex platsannonser samlades in från företag. Intervjuerna var semistrukturerade och det genomfördes ett bekvämlighetsurval där respondenterna avgränsats till civilekonomstudenter som går sista året på Högskolan i Borås. Platsannonserna var avgränsade till företag där de hade svårt att rekrytera till de tjänster som platsannonserna gäller. Resultaten visar att när studenter söker en ny arbetsplats fokuserar de främst på att känna sig trygga och skyddade inför framtiden, de vill ha mycket information om jobbet och vad de kan förvänta sig av arbetsplatsen. När det kommer till arbetsplatsen var balans mellan arbete och privatliv samt god företagskultur faktorer som lockar millennials. Vidare har det visat sig att platsannonser spelar en viktig roll för studenterna när de ska ta ställning till om de vill söka tjänsten eller inte. De analyserade platsannonserna motsvarade inte elevernas förväntningar och krav när det gällde lön, förmåner, flexibilitet, balans mellanarbete och privatliv och i viss mån även företagskultur. / The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of job advertisements in a company’s difficulties recruiting millennial economics students. The study has it´s theoretical basis in Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Herzberg's two-factor theory, which are used to explain and analyze economics students’ motivation and needs in relation to a workplace. Anticipatory psychological contract which is used to investigate to what extent job advertisements meet the students' requirements and expectations of an employer and Instrumental-symbolic framework is used to see how job advertisements affect the students' decision to apply for a job. A qualitative study was conducted where twelve graduate economics students were interviewed and six job advertisements were collected from companies. The interviews were semi structured and the participants were limited to Swedish economic students who are studying at Högskolan i Borås and graduating this year. The job advertisements were limited to companies where they had difficulties recruiting for the positions the job advertisements referred to. The results show that when students look for a new workplace their main focus is on feeling safe and protected for the future, and they want a lot of information about the job and what they can expect from the workplace. When it comes to the workplace, work-life balance as well as good corporate culture were factors that attracted the millennial economics students. Furthermore, it has been shown that the content of job advertisements play an important role in the students decision regarding whether they want to apply for the position or not. The analyzed job advertisements did not meet the students' expectations and requirements when it came to salary, benefits, flexibility, work-life balance and to some extent also corporate culture. The study is written in Swedish.

A needs assessment during 2000 guided the design of a buddy system in Botswana. Implementation of this care and support system for and by 39 HIV+ve female buddy-client pairs started in 2002. During April and November 2002, levels of disclosure, self-care, support and quality of life of buddy-client pairs and the controls (n = 38) were compared. Orem's self-care theory, Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Cohen and Syme's conceptualisation of social support formed the theoretical framework. By November 2002, clients' disclosure levels, self-care for TB, and antiretroviral therapy adherence had improved. Higher income, higher education and older age predicted higher levels of self-care for antiretroviral therapy. The social support survey reported satisfaction with types of support available in November 2002 (N = 112). Clients' scores for self-care for TB, antiretroviral therapy and social support improved more than those of controls over the study period. The personal resource questionnaire measured perceptions of support: buddies' scores increased more than those of clients. Women on antiretroviral therapy completed the adherence attitudes inventory in April and November 2002 and reported a downward trend in adherence. Findings of the quality of life (SF 36) instrument showed that during the six-month study period, physical and mental health component summary scores improved but remained low (N = 112). During 2003 Botswana's community-based buddy-support programme was adopted by four other countries in Southern Africa in an attempt to enhance the quality of life of HIV+ve women in these countries. / Health Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)

A needs assessment during 2000 guided the design of a buddy system in Botswana. Implementation of this care and support system for and by 39 HIV+ve female buddy-client pairs started in 2002. During April and November 2002, levels of disclosure, self-care, support and quality of life of buddy-client pairs and the controls (n = 38) were compared. Orem's self-care theory, Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Cohen and Syme's conceptualisation of social support formed the theoretical framework. By November 2002, clients' disclosure levels, self-care for TB, and antiretroviral therapy adherence had improved. Higher income, higher education and older age predicted higher levels of self-care for antiretroviral therapy. The social support survey reported satisfaction with types of support available in November 2002 (N = 112). Clients' scores for self-care for TB, antiretroviral therapy and social support improved more than those of controls over the study period. The personal resource questionnaire measured perceptions of support: buddies' scores increased more than those of clients. Women on antiretroviral therapy completed the adherence attitudes inventory in April and November 2002 and reported a downward trend in adherence. Findings of the quality of life (SF 36) instrument showed that during the six-month study period, physical and mental health component summary scores improved but remained low (N = 112). During 2003 Botswana's community-based buddy-support programme was adopted by four other countries in Southern Africa in an attempt to enhance the quality of life of HIV+ve women in these countries. / Health Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)