Le but de cette étude est de comparer le respect de la morphologie canalaire après instrumentation à l’aide de trois systèmes de mise en forme canalaire différents : le One Shape NEW Generation®, le Wave One® et le Revo-S® grâce à une étude en Micro-tomographie assistée par ordinateur ou micro-CT (Computed Tomography). La mise en place d’une chaîne méthodologique totalement tridimensionnelle (3D) comprenant la reconstruction, le recalage et la segmentation a permis de traiter les images acquises et d’extraire les images recalées des canaux dentaires avant et après instrumentation. Les artéfacts de segmentation dus aux calcifications et aux débris dentinaires ont été traités. Une méthode d’estimation des zones non instrumentées a également été décrite.Le transport canalaire a été calculé pour chaque coupe de chaque tiers radiculaire, en comparant la position du centroïde avant et après instrumentation. La comparaison des moyennes de transport canalaire ne montre pas de différence significative entre les 3 systèmes d’instrumentation.Cette approche méthodologique en 4 parties a permis de valider un protocole d’imagerie 3D reproductible, qui pourra être appliqué in vitro en recherche endodontique dans l’analyse des effets instrumentaux. / The aim of this study is to compare the respect of the root canal morphology after instrumentation with different shaping systems (One Shape NEW Generation®, Wave One® and Revo-S®), by using Micro-Computed Tomography.We used a fully three-dimensional (3D) methodological process which involved the reconstruction, registration and segmentation. By this methodological process, images have been acquired and processed in order to extract registered canals images before and after the instrumentation. The segmentation artifacts like calcifications and debris have been taken into account. A method to estimate the non-instrumented zones is also described.The canal transportation was calculated for each slice of each root-third by comparing the position of the centroids before and after instrumentation. No significant difference was found between the three instrumentation systems when canal transport means were done.This 4-part methodological approach has enabled the validation of a reproducible 3D imaging protocol. This can be applied in vitro in endodontic research for analysis of the instrumental effects.

Orientador: Erivaldo Antonio da Silva / Resumo: O processamento digital de imagens (PDI) consiste em uma área de grande interesse científico. Em Cartografia, o PDI é muito utilizado para extração de feições cartográficas de interesse presentes nas imagens de sensoriamento remoto (SR). Dentre as feições cartográficas, a detecção de malhas viárias é de grande interesse científico, pois proporciona a obtenção de informações atualizadas e acuradas para a realização de planejamentos urbanos. Devido à sua importância, a literatura científica possui diversos trabalhos propondo diferentes metodologias de extração de malhas viárias em imagens digitais. Dentre as metodologias, é possível encontrar metodologias propostas baseadas em lógica fuzzy, em detector de bordas e crescimento de regiões, por exemplo. Contudo, os estudos existentes focam na aplicação da metodologia de extração para determinadas áreas ou situações e utilizam recortes da imagem em seus estudos devido à grande quantidade de informações contidas nessas imagens. O avanço tecnológico proporcionou que imagens de SR sejam adquiridas com alta resolução espacial, espectral e temporal. Esse fato produz uma grande quantidade de dados a serem processados durante estudos desenvolvidos nessas imagens, o que acarreta um alto custo computacional e, consequentemente, um alto tempo de processamento. Na tentativa de reduzir o tempo de execução das metodologias de extração, os desenvolvedores dedicam esforços na redução da complexidade dos algoritmos e na utilização de outros recurs... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Resumen: El procesamiento digital de imágenes (PDI) consiste en un área de gran interés científico en diferentes áreas. En Cartografía, el PDI es muy utilizado en estudios de teledetección para extracción de los objetos cartográficos de interés presentes en las imágenes orbitales. Entre los objetos cartográficos de interés, la detección de redes viales se ha vuelto de gran interés científico proporcionando la obtención de informaciones actualizadas y precisas para la realización de planificaciones urbanas, por ejemplo. En este sentido, la literatura científica posee diversos trabajos proponiendo diferentes metodologías de extracción de redes viales en imágenes orbitales. Es posible encontrar metodologías propuestas basadas en lógica fuzzy, detector de bordes y crecimiento por región, por ejemplo. Sin embargo, los estudios existentes se centran en la aplicación de la metodología de extracción para determinadas áreas o situaciones y utilizan recortes de la imagen orbitales en sus estudios debido a la gran cantidad de informaciones contenidas en esas imágenes. Además, el avance tecnológico proporcionó que las imágenes de teledetección se adquieran con altas resoluciones espacial, espectral y temporal. Este hecho produce una gran cantidad de datos a ser procesados durante estudios desarrollados en esas imágenes, lo que acarrea en un alto costo computacional y, consecuentemente, un alto tiempo de procesamiento. En el intento de reducir el tiempo de respuesta de las metodologías de extracci... (Resumen completo clicar acceso eletrônico abajo) / Abstract: Digital image processing (DIP) consists of an area of great scientific interest in different areas. In Cartography, the DIP is widely used in remote sensing studies to extract cartographic features of interest present in orbital images. Among the cartographic features, the detection of road networks has become of great scientific interest, since it can provide accurate and updated information for urban planning, for example. In this sense, the scientific literature has several works proposing different methodologies of extraction of road networks in orbital images. It is possible to find proposed methodologies based on fuzzy logic, edge detector and growth by region, for example. However, the existing studies focus on the application of the extraction methodology to certain areas or situations and use orbital image cuts in their studies due to the large amount of information contained in these images. In addition, the technological advance has allowed the acquisition of remote sensing images with high spatial, spectral and temporal resolutions. This fact produces a large amount of data to be processed during studies developed in these images, which results in a high computational cost and, consequently, a high processing time. In an attempt to reduce the response time of the extraction methodologies, the developers dedicate efforts in reducing the complexity of the algorithms and in using some available hardware resources suggesting solutions that include software and hardwar... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

R??sum?? : La d??tection des b??timents dans les images ?? tr??s haute r??solution spatiale (THRS) a plusieurs applications pratiques et repr??sente un domaine de recherche scientifique intensive ces derni??res ann??es. Elle fait face ?? la complexit?? du milieu urbain et aux sp??cificit??s des images provenant des diff??rents capteurs. La performance des m??thodes existantes pour l???extraction des b??timents n???est pas encore suffisante pour qu???elles soient g??n??ralis??es ?? grande ??chelle (diff??rents types de tissus urbains et capteurs). Les op??rateurs morphologiques se sont montr??s efficaces pour la d??tection des b??timents dans les images panchromatiques (images en niveaux de gris) ?? tr??s haute r??solution spectrale (THRS). L???information spectrale issue des images multispectrales est jug??e n??cessaire pour l???am??lioration de leur performance. L???extension des op??rateurs morphologiques pour les images multispectrales exige l???adoption d???une strat??gie qui permet le traitement des pixels sous forme de vecteurs, dont les composantes sont les valeurs dans les diff??rentes bandes spectrales. Ce travail de recherche vise l???application de la transformation morphologique dite Hit-or-Miss (HMT) ?? des images multispectrales ?? THRS, afin de d??tecter des b??timents. Pour r??pondre ?? la probl??matique de l???extension des op??rateurs morphologiques pour les images multispectrales, nous proposons deux solutions. Comme une premi??re solution nous avons g??n??r?? des images en niveaux de gris ?? partir les bandes multispectrales. Dans ces nouvelles images les b??timents potentiels sont rehauss??s par rapport ?? l???arri??re-plan. La HMT en niveaux de gris est alors appliqu??e ?? ces images afin de d??tecter les b??timents. Pour rehausser les b??timents nous avons propos?? un nouvel indice, que nous avons appel?? Spectral Similarity Ratio (SSR). Pour ??viter de d??finir des configurations, des ensembles d?????l??ments structurants (ES), n??cessaires pour l???application de la HMT, au pr??alable, nous avons utilis?? l?????rosion et la dilatation floues et poursuivi la r??ponse des pixels aux diff??rentes valeurs des ES. La m??thode est test??e sur des extraits d???images repr??sentant des quartiers de type r??sidentiel. Le taux moyen de reconnaissance obtenu pour les deux capteurs Ikonos et GeoEye est de 85 % et de 80 %, respectivement. Le taux moyen de bonne identification, quant ?? lui, est de 85 % et 84 % pour les images Ikonos et GeoEye, respectivement. Apr??s certaines am??liorations, la m??thode a ??t?? appliqu??e sur des larges sc??nes Ikonos et WorldView-2, couvrant diff??rents tissus urbains. Le taux moyen des b??timents reconnus est de 82 %. Pour sa part, le taux de bonne identification est de 81 %. Dans la deuxi??me solution, nous adoptons une strat??gie vectorielle pour appliquer la HMT directement sur les images multispectrales. La taille des ES de cette transformation morphologique est d??finie en utilisant la transformation dite chapeau haut-de-forme par reconstruction. Une ??tape de post-traitement inclut le filtrage de la v??g??tation par l???indice de la v??g??tation NDVI et la validation de la localisation des b??timents par l???information d???ombre. La m??thode est appliqu??e sur un espace urbain de type r??sidentiel. Des extraits d???images provenant des capteurs satellitaires Ikonos, GeoEye et WorldView 2 ont ??t?? trait??s. Le taux des b??timents reconnus est relativement ??lev?? pour tous les extraits - entre 85 % et 97 %. Le taux de bonne identification d??montre des r??sultats entre 74 % et 88 %. Les r??sultats obtenus nous permettent de conclure que les objectifs de ce travail de recherche, ?? savoir, la proposition d???une technique pour l???estimation de la similarit?? spectrale entre les pixels formant le toit d???un b??timent, l???int??gration de l???information multispectrale dans la HMT dans le but de d??tecter les b??timents, et la proposition d???une technique qui permet la d??finition semi-automatique des configurations b??timent/voisinage dans les images multispectrales, ont ??t?? atteints. // Abstract : Detection of buildings in very high spatial resolution images (THRS) has various practical applications and is recently a subject of intensive scientific research. It faces the complexity of the urban environment and the variety of image characteristics depending on the type of the sensor. The performance of existing building extraction methods is not yet sufficient to be generalized to a large scale (different urban patterns and sensors). Morphological operators have been proven effective for the detection of buildings in panchromatic (greyscale) very high spectral resolution (VHSR) images. The spectral information of multispectral images is jugged efficient to improve the results of the detection. The extension of morphological operators to multispectral images is not straightforward. As pixels of multispectral images are pixels vectors the components of which are the intensity values in the different bands, a strategy to order vectors must be adopted. This research thesis focuses on the application of the morphological transformation called Hit-or-Miss (HMT) on multispectral VHSR images in order to detect buildings. To address the issue of the extension of morphological operators to multispectral images we have proposed two solutions. The first one employs generation of greyscale images from multispectral bands, where potential buildings are enhanced. The grayscale HMT is then applied to these images in order to detect buildings. To enhance potential building locations we have proposed the use of Spectral Similarity Ratio (SSR). To avoid the need to set multiple configurations of structuring elements (SE) necessary for the implementation of the HMT, we have used fuzzy erosion and fuzzy dilation and examined the pixel response to different values of SE. The method has been tested on image subsets taken over residential areas. The average rate of recognition for the two sensors, Ikonos and GeoEye, is 85% and 80%, respectively. The average rate of correct identification is 85% and 84%, for Ikonos and GeoEye subsets, respectively. Having made some improvements, we then applied the method to large scenes from Ikonos and WorldView-2 images covering different urban patterns. The average rate of recognized buildings is 82%. The rate of correct identification is 81%. As a second solution, we have proposed a new vector based strategy which allows the multispectral information to be integrated into the percent occupancy HMT (POHMT). Thus, the POHMT has been directly applied on multispectral images. The parameters for the POHMT have been defined using the morphological transformation dubbed top hat by reconstruction. A post-processing step included filtering the vegetation and validating building locations by proximity to shadow. The method has been applied to urban residential areas. Image subsets from Ikonos, GeoEye and WorldView2 have been processed. The rate of recognized buildings is relatively high for all subsets - between 85% and 97%. The rate of correct identification is between 74 % and 88 %. The results allow us to conclude that the objectives of this research, namely, suggesting a technique for estimating the spectral similarity between the pixels forming the roof of a building, the integration of multispectral information in the HMT in order to detect buildings and the proposition of a semiautomatic technique for the definition of the configurations building/neighbourhood in multispectral images, have been achieved.

This thesis describes a set of image analysis tools developed for the purpose of quantifying the distribution of chromatin in (light) microscope images of cell nuclei. The distribution or pattern of chromatin is influenced by both external and internal variations of the cell environment, including variations associated with the cell cycle, neoplasia, apoptosis, and malignancy associated changes (MACs). The quantitative characterisation of this pattern makes possible the prediction of the biological state of a cell, or the detection of subtle changes in a population of cells. This has important application to automated cancer screening. The majority of existing methods for quantifying chromatin distribution (texture) are based on the stochastic approach to defining texture. However, it is the premise of this thesis that the structural approach is more appropriate because pathologists use terms such as clumping, margination, granulation, condensation, and clearing to describe chromatin texture, and refer to the regions of condensed chromatin as granules, particles, and blobs. The key to the structural approach is the segmentation of the chromatin into its texture primitives. Unfortunately all of the chromatin segmentation algorithms published in the literature suffer from one or both of the following drawbacks: (i) a segmentation that is not consistent with a human's perception of blobs, particles, or granules; and (ii) the need to specify, a priori, one or more subjective operating parameters. The latter drawback limits the robustness of the algorithm to variations in illumination and staining quality. The structural model developed in this thesis is based on several novel low-, med-ium-, and high-level image analysis tools. These tools include: a class of non-linear self-dual filters, called folding induced self-dual filters, for filtering impulse noise; an algorithm, based on seeded region growing, for robustly segmenting chromatin; an improved seeded region growing algorithm that is independent of the order of pixel processing; a fast priority queue implementation suitable for implementing the watershed transform (special case of seeded region growing); the adjacency graph attribute co-occurrence matrix (AGACM) method for quantifying blob and mosaic patterns in the plane; a simple and fast algorithm for computing the exact Euclidean distance transform for the purpose of deriving contextual features (measurements) and constructing geometric adjacency graphs for disjoint connected components; a theoretical result establishing an equivalence between the distance transform of a binary image and the grey-scale erosion of its characteristic function by an elliptic poweroid structuring element; and a host of chromatin features that can be related to qualitative descriptions of chromatin distribution used by pathologists. In addition, this thesis demonstrates the application of this new structural model to automated cervical cancer screening. The results provide empirical evidence that it is possible to detect differences in the pattern of nuclear chromatin between samples of cells from a normal Papanicolaou-stained cervical smear and those from an abnormal smear. These differences are supportive of the existence of the MACs phenomenon. Moreover the results compare favourably with those reported in the literature for other stains developed specifically for automated cytometry. To the author's knowledge this is the first time, based on a sizable and uncontaminated data set, that MACs have been demonstrated in Papanicolaou stain. This is an important finding because the primary screening test for cervical cancer, the Papanicolaou test, is based on this stain.

Submitted by FERNANDO PEREIRA DOS SANTOS null (fernando_persan@hotmail.com) on 2016-06-30T21:35:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 EstudoComparativo_FernandoPereiraSantos.pdf: 17823712 bytes, checksum: fd7d1643bbacb3313ced8e742fda123f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-07-04T12:57:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_fp_me_sjrp.pdf: 17823712 bytes, checksum: fd7d1643bbacb3313ced8e742fda123f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-04T12:57:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_fp_me_sjrp.pdf: 17823712 bytes, checksum: fd7d1643bbacb3313ced8e742fda123f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-16 / Neste trabalho é apresentada uma nova metodologia para a análise e classificação de lesões de pele. O modelo proposto foi dividido em quatro etapas que compreende o pré-processamento das imagens, a segmentação do objeto desejado, a extração de características e a classificação das lesões. Na etapa de pré-processamento, aplica-se o modelo de cor RGB, a quantização de cores e o filtro de difusão anisotrópica. Na segmentação, a imagem suavizada é submetida à operação de fechamento da morfologia matemática, estimativa de peso nos arcos do grafo e à transformada imagem-floresta com apenas duas sementes. A extração de características foi baseada na aplicação da regra ABCD. Na assimetria foi aplicado o conceito de razão de perpendiculares sobre a maior diagonal obtida e, para a borda, o produto vetorial e o ponto de inflexão foram implementados para fornecer o porcentual de curvatura do contorno. Para a cor, valores de média, variância, desvio padrão, homogeneidade e contraste foram calculados. Para a estrutura diferencial foi desenvolvido a dimensão fractal e a energia. Na última etapa, classificação, a floresta de caminhos ótimos foi utilizada. Os resultados da classificação são apresentados por malignidade, quando todos os tipos de lesões estão juntos, e por categorias, quando os tipos de lesão são agrupados dois a dois. Para obter o modelo proposto foram efetuados diversos testes com modelos de cor diferentes, forma de aplicação da quantização, diferenciação no cálculo da quantidade de iterações do filtro de difusão anisotrópica e possibilidade de não aplicar a morfologia matemática. / In this paper a new methodology for the analysis and classification of skin lesions is presented. The suggested model is divided into four steps which comprise the pre processing of images, segmentation of the desired object, feature extraction and lesions classification. In the pre processing step, it is applied the RGB color model, color quantization and anisotropic diffusion filter. In segmentation, the smoothed image is submitted to the closing operation of mathematical morphology, arc-weight estimation in the graph and the image-foresting transform with only two seeds. The feature extraction is based on the application of ABCD rule. In asymmetry was applied the perpendicular ratio concept on the greater diagonal obtained and, to the border, the vector product and the inflection point were implemented to provide the contour curvature percentage. For color, average values, variance, standard deviation, homogeneity and contrast were calculated. For differential structure was developed fractal dimension and energy. In the last stage, classification, optimum-path forest was used. The classification results are presented by malignancy, when all types of lesions are together, and by categories, when the types of lesions are grouped two by two. For the model were performed several tests with different color models, the form of application the quantization, differentiation in the calculation of the quantity of filter iterations of anisotropic diffusion and the possibility of not applying the mathematical morphology.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-03T15:07:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PauloAHC_DISSERT.pdf: 3758465 bytes, checksum: 6b6aaaf4f22bae19573b264eb2e88629 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-19 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This work an algorithm for fault location is proposed. It contains the following functions: fault detection, fault classification and fault location. Mathematical Morphology is used to process currents obtained in the monitored terminals. Unlike Fourier and Wavelet transforms that are usually applied to fault location, the Mathematical Morphology is a non-linear operation that uses only basic operation (sum, subtraction, maximum and minimum). Thus, Mathematical Morphology is computationally very efficient. For detection and classification functions, the Morphological Wavelet was used. On fault location module the Multiresolution Morphological Gradient was used to detect the traveling waves and their polarities. Hence, recorded the arrival in the two first traveling waves incident at the measured terminal and knowing the velocity of propagation, pinpoint the fault location can be estimated. The algorithm was applied in a 440 kV power transmission system, simulated on ATP. Several fault conditions where studied and the following parameters were evaluated: fault location, fault type, fault resistance, fault inception angle, noise level and sampling rate. The results show that the application of Mathematical Morphology in faults location is very promising / Neste trabalho, um algoritmo de localiza??o de faltas ? desenvolvido, consistindo dos m?dulos de detec??o, classi ca??o e localiza??o da falta. Na implementa??o do algoritmo a Morfologia Matem?tica ser? a ferramenta utilizada para analisar os sinais das correntes obtidas em um dos terminais da linha. Diferente das Transformadas de Fourier e Wavelet que s?o normalmente aplicadas ? localiza??o de faltas, a Morfologia Matem?tica ? uma transforma??o n?o linear baseada apenas em opera??es de adi??o e subtra??o acompanhadas da extra??o de m?ximos e m?nimos de conjuntos discretos. Portanto, a Morfologia Matem?tica apresenta a vantagem de ser computacionalmente bastante e ciente. Nos m?dulos de detec??o e classi ca??o a Wavelet Morfol?gica foi usada na extra??o de informa??es contidas nas baixas e nas altas frequ?ncias. No m?dulo de localiza??o da falta o ltro Gradiente Morfol?gico Multirresolu??o foi utilizado na detec??o dos instantes de chegada das ondas viajantes e na determina??o de suas polaridades. A partir dos instantes de chegada das duas primeiras ondas viajantes incidentes no terminal de medi??o e da velocidade de propaga??o dessas ondas, a localiza??o da falta pode ser estimada com precis?o. Para analisar o desempenho do algoritmo, um sistema de transmiss?o de 440 kV simulado no software ATP foi submetido ? diversas circunst?ncias de falta, variandose par?metros como: dist?ncia da falta, tipo da falta, resist?ncia da falta, ?ngulo de incid?ncia da falta, n?vel de ru?dos e frequ?ncia de amostragem dos sinais. Os resultados obtidos mostram que a aplica??o da Morfologia Matem?tica na localiza??o de faltas ? bastante promissora

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:56:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DiegoAF_DISSERT.pdf: 1045785 bytes, checksum: 38dd893df9531c8e71f483fc22aa3802 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-18 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This work proposes a new technique for phasor estimation applied in microprocessor numerical relays for distance protection of transmission lines, based on the recursive least squares method and called least squares modified random walking. The phasor estimation methods have compromised their performance, mainly due to the DC exponential decaying component present in fault currents. In order to reduce the influence of the DC component, a Morphological Filter (FM) was added to the method of least squares and previously applied to the process of phasor estimation. The presented method is implemented in MATLABr and its performance is compared to one-cycle Fourier technique and conventional phasor estimation, which was also based on least squares algorithm. The methods based on least squares technique used for comparison with the proposed method were: forgetting factor recursive, covariance resetting and random walking. The techniques performance analysis were carried out by means of signals synthetic and signals provided of simulations on the Alternative Transient Program (ATP). When compared to other phasor estimation methods, the proposed method showed satisfactory results, when it comes to the estimation speed, the steady state oscillation and the overshoot. Then, the presented method performance was analyzed by means of variations in the fault parameters (resistance, distance, angle of incidence and type of fault). Through this study, the results did not showed significant variations in method performance. Besides, the apparent impedance trajectory and estimated distance of the fault were analysed, and the presented method showed better results in comparison to one-cycle Fourier algorithm / Prop?e-se neste trabalho uma nova t?cnica de estima??o fasorial, a ser utilizada em rel?s num?ricos microprocessados digitais para prote??o de dist?ncia de linhas de transmiss?o, baseada no m?todo dos m?nimos quadrados recursivo, denominada m?nimos quadrados em caminhada aleat?ria modificada. Os m?todos de estima??o fasorial t?m seu desempenho comprometido devido, principalmente, ? componente DC de decaimento exponencial presente nas correntes de falta. Para reduzir a influ?ncia da componente DC, agregou-se ao m?todo de m?nimos quadrados um Filtro Morfol?gico (FM) aplicado previamente ao processo de estima??o fasorial. O m?todo apresentado foi implementado em ambiente MATLABr e o seu desempenho comparado aos m?todos convencionais de estima??o fasorial, tamb?m baseados em m?nimos quadrados, e ao algoritmo de Fourier de um ciclo. Os m?todos baseados na t?cnica de m?nimos quadrados utilizados para compara??o com o m?todo proposto foram: recursivo ponderado, com reinicializa??o da covari?ncia e caminhada aleat?ria. As an?lises de desempenho das t?cnicas foram realizadas por meio de sinais sint?ticos e sinais oriundos de simula??es no Alternative Transient Program (ATP). Em compara??o aos demais m?todos de estima??o fasorial, o m?todo proposto apresentou resultados satisfat?rios no que se refere ? velocidade de resposta, oscila??o em regime permanente e percentual de overshoot. Em seguida, o m?todo proposto teve seu desempenho analisado frente ?s varia??es nos par?metros de falta (resist?ncia, dist?ncia, ?ngulo de incid?ncia e tipo de falta). Nesse estudo, constatou-se que o m?todo n?o sofreu varia??es significativas em seus resultados. Al?m disso, analisou-se a trajet?ria da imped?ncia aparente e dist?ncia estimada da falta, ao qual o m?todo proposto apresentou melhores resultados em compara??o ao algoritmo de Fourier de um ciclo

Orientador: Roberto de Alencar Lotufo / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T08:32:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Audigier_RomaricMatthiasMichel_D.pdf: 1753584 bytes, checksum: 1d31eb6f095099ffb5c3ec8d0a96a9cf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Esta tese introduz o novo conceito de transformada de zona de empate que unifica as múltiplas soluções de uma transformada de watershed, conservando apenas as partes comuns em todas estas, tal que as partes que diferem constituem a zona de empate. A zona de empate aplicada ao watershed via transformada imagem-floresta (TZ-IFT-WT) se revela um elo inédito entre transformadas de watershed baseadas em paradigmas muito diferentes: gota d'água, inundação, caminhos ótimos e floresta de peso mínimo. Para todos esses paradigmas e os algoritmos derivados, é um desafio se ter uma solução única, fina, e que seja consistente com uma definição. Por isso, propõe-se um afinamento da zona de empate, único e consistente. Além disso, demonstra-se que a TZ-IFT-WT também é o dual de métodos de segmentação baseados em conexidade nebulosa. Assim, a ponte criada entre as abordagens morfológica e nebulosa permite aproveitar avanços de ambas. Em conseqüência disso, o conceito de núcleo de robustez para as sementes é explorado no caso do watershed. / Abstract: This thesis introduces the new concept of tie-zone transform that unifies the multiple solutions of a watershed transform, by conserving only the common parts among them such that the differing parts constitute the tie zone. The tie zone applied to the watershed via image-foresting transform (TZ-IFTWT) proves to be a link between watershed transforms based on very different paradigms: drop of water, flooding, optimal paths and forest of minimum weight. For all these paradigms and the derived algorithms, it is a challenge to get a unique and thin solution which is consistent with a definition. That is why we propose a unique and consistent thinning of the tie zone. In addition, we demonstrate that the TZ-IFT-WT is also the dual of segmentation methods based on fuzzy connectedness. Thus, the bridge between the morphological and the fuzzy approaches allows to take benefit from the advance of both. As a consequence, the concept of cores of robustness for the seeds is exploited in the case of watersheds. / Doutorado / Engenharia de Computação / Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica

Cette thèse porte sur la statistique spatiale multivariée et l’apprentissage appliqués aux images hyperspectrales et multimodales. Les thèmes suivants sont abordés :Fusion d'images :Le microscope électronique à balayage (MEB) permet d'acquérir des images à partir d'un échantillon donné en utilisant différentes modalités. Le but de ces études est d'analyser l’intérêt de la fusion de l'information pour améliorer les images acquises par MEB. Nous avons mis en œuvre différentes techniques de fusion de l'information des images, basées en particulier sur la théorie de la régression spatiale. Ces solutions ont été testées sur quelques jeux de données réelles et simulées.Classification spatiale des pixels d’images multivariées :Nous avons proposé une nouvelle approche pour la classification de pixels d’images multi/hyper-spectrales. Le but de cette technique est de représenter et de décrire de façon efficace les caractéristiques spatiales / spectrales de ces images. Ces descripteurs multi-échelle profond visent à représenter le contenu de l'image tout en tenant compte des invariances liées à la texture et à ses transformations géométriques.Réduction spatiale de dimensionnalité :Nous proposons une technique pour extraire l'espace des fonctions en utilisant l'analyse en composante morphologiques. Ainsi, pour ajouter de l'information spatiale et structurelle, nous avons utilisé les opérateurs de morphologie mathématique. / This thesis focuses on multivariate spatial statistics and machine learning applied to hyperspectral and multimodal and images in remote sensing and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In this thesis the following topics are considered:Fusion of images:SEM allows us to acquire images from a given sample using different modalities. The purpose of these studies is to analyze the interest of fusion of information to improve the multimodal SEM images acquisition. We have modeled and implemented various techniques of image fusion of information, based in particular on spatial regression theory. They have been assessed on various datasets.Spatial classification of multivariate image pixels:We have proposed a novel approach for pixel classification in multi/hyper-spectral images. The aim of this technique is to represent and efficiently describe the spatial/spectral features of multivariate images. These multi-scale deep descriptors aim at representing the content of the image while considering invariances related to the texture and to its geometric transformations.Spatial dimensionality reduction:We have developed a technique to extract a feature space using morphological principal component analysis. Indeed, in order to take into account the spatial and structural information we used mathematical morphology operators

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This Doctoral Thesis proposes a new methodology for transmission line protection tolerant to power swings. The algorithm developed has the ability to detect, classify and locate all fault types with and without power swings, including those that produce high values of fault resistance. In a first step, it is proposed a fault distance estimator based on the leastsquare curve fitting. The fault locator, for protection proposes, was modeled by a series R-L circuit and differential equations. In a second step, the main causes and consequences of power swings in transmission lines distance relays are introduced. Also in this context, techniques to minimize these effects are presented. Besides, computer simulations of power swings, with different fault scenarios, were carried out to realize comparative analyses between the methods. The results show that none of the methods is efficient in all scenarios. Hence, there is still some concern about the performance of the protection methods against power swings. In a third step, it was developed an algorithm for numerical protection in transmission lines immune to power swings. The detection and classification steps are based on Mathematical Morphology. In order to obtain a safer operation of the relay, especially in the boundaries of threshold set, a counting strategy was developed. The main innovation of the work is based on difference of behavior of the exponentially decaying component (dc component) during a fault and during a power swing. The dc component, obtained by means of morphological filter, is used as a tripping criterion. Finally, in order to evaluate the algorithm performance, tests with different fault and power swings scenarios were performed. The results show that the technique has the speed and safety required even during power swings due to the simplicity of the algorithm used in mathematical operations. / Neste trabalho propõe-se uma nova metodologia de proteção de linhas de transmissão, tolerante as oscilações de potência. O algoritmo desenvolvido tem a capacidade de detectar, classificar e localizar todos os tipos de faltas, com e sem a presença de oscilações de potência, inclusive aquelas que produzem altos valores de resistência de falta. Em uma primeira etapa com o emprego do método de ajuste de curvas por mínimos quadrados desenvolve-se um estimador para localizar a posição das faltas. Para fins de proteção, este é modelado por meio de um circuito R-L série representado por suas equações diferenciais. Em uma segunda etapa são apresentadas as principais causas das oscilações de potência, bem como suas consequências para os relés de distância de linhas de transmissão. Ainda neste contexto, são apresentadas, analisadas e comparadas algumas técnicas destinadas a minimizar estes efeitos. Essas técnicas foram testadas por meio de simulações computacionais, sob condições de oscilação de potência com e sem a presença de curtos-circuitos, considerando-se diversos valores de carregamento e frequências de oscilação. Os resultados mostraram que nenhum método é totalmente eficiente para todos os cenários. Desse modo, ainda há algumas incertezas sobre o desempenho das técnicas de proteção contra as oscilações de potência existentes. Em uma terceira etapa, foi desenvolvido um algoritmo para proteção numérica de linhas de transmissão imune as oscilações de potência. A metodologia faz uso da Morfologia Matemática nas etapas de detecção e classificação das faltas. De modo a se obter uma maior segurança na operação do relé, especialmente na região próxima ao limiar de operação, incorporou-se uma estratégia de contagem diferente das tradicionais. A principal contribuição do trabalho relaciona-se com a análise da diferença comportamental da componente exponencial decrescente (componente dc) para uma situação de falta e de oscilação de potência. Ou seja, a componente dc, obtida por meio de um filtro morfológico, é utilizada como critério de disparo do relé de distância. Para avaliar o desempenho do algoritmo desenvolvido, uma série de testes com diferentes cenários de faltas com e sem a presença de oscilações de potência foram realizadas. Devido à simplicidade das operações matemáticas utilizadas no algoritmo, a técnica apresenta segurança e velocidade na sua operação, mesmo durante oscilações de potência.