MBSE-Model-Based Systems Engineering wird als vielversprechender Ansatz gesehen, die steigende Komplexität heutiger Produktentwicklungsprozesse beherrschbar zu machen. Bei der Einführung und Umsetzung von MBSE existieren jedoch hohe Einstiegshürden, insbesondere, wenn formale Modellierungssprachen wie SysML für Modellierungsaktivitäten verwendet werden. Gleichzeitig bieten formale Modellierungssprachen jedoch Vorteile bei der Ermöglichung einer domänenübergreifenden Kommunikation und dem Informationsaustausch. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt einen Ansatz zur nutzer- und aufgabengerechten Unterstützung von Modellierungsaktivitäten mittels formaler Modellierungssprachen im Kontext des MBSE. Ziel des Ansatzes ist es, die Modellierung auf die Bedarfe und Aufgaben einzelner Anwender bzw. deren Rolle im Produktentwicklungsprozess zu fokussieren und somit einen gezielteren Zugang zur Modellierung zu ermöglichen. Hierzu werden Ansätze aus dem Bereich Architekturframeworks zur Strukturierung von Modellen mittels Bedarfs-getriebener Sichten mit einer Aktivitäts-getriebenen Formalisierung von Methoden des MBSE kombiniert. Methoden des MBSE werden in einzelne Modellierungsaktivitäten unterteilt und diese mit Sichten aus einem Architekturframework, die die Modellierungsaktivität unterstützen, verknüpft. Somit wird einerseits eine klare Strukturierung des Modells nach Sichten und andererseits eine gezielte und eindeutige Durchführung bedarfsgerechter Methoden des MBSE ermöglicht.

Du fait du développement de nouveaux produits (NPD) dans l’industrie, l’organisation devient de plus en plus complexe, ceci est dû notamment à la complexité même des produits. Dans ce contexte, le MBSE (Model Based Systems Engineering) et les approches collaboratives, qui adressent ces complexités, ont été reconnus pour leurs facultés à améliorer le NPD. Une implémentation réussie d’une conception collaborative du type MBSE, doit permettre de gérer ces deux complexités. Cette thèse de doctorat a pour objet l’étude de projets de conception collaborative MBSE au sein des équipes françaises chez des équipementiers automobiles et aéronautiques, afin de mettre en avant l’amélioration du développement des produits. La conception collaborative du type MBSE est assimilable à un système organisationnel complexe, impliquant des vues ou dimensions différentes. Ainsi, l’identification de ces dimensions, leur définition et l’étude de leurs interactions constituent le premier objectif de cette recherche. La compréhension de chacune d’entre elles pour améliorer la collaboration entre les différents membres du projet, est le deuxième objectif.Le troisième et dernier objectif de cette thèse est de proposer des systèmes socio-techniques (STS), assistant la collaboration. Les résultats de cette recherche, fournissent une méthodologie pour manager la complexité organisationnelle dans des projets collaboratifs du type MBSE. Elle est le produit d’une combinaison de quatre méthodes permettant la caractérisation de ses dimensions (processus, acteurs, objets et outils), tout en définissant leurs interactions. Ces méthodes assistent respectivement : 1) La description et l’évaluation de ces projets avec une perspective systémique 2) l’établissement d’une vision partagée du travail 3) l’analyse des coopérations entre les acteurs, et 4) le développement de STS tels quels des environnements collaboratifs et des supports collaboratif de capitalisation. L’implémentation en industrie des méthodes proposées, processus et recommandations, a montré comment la mise en avant de la collaboration dans les projets de design MBSE, permet d’améliorer l’ensemble du développement de produit. / The organisational complexity implied by New Product Development (NPD) within the industry, is often induced by the complex nature of the products themselves. In this context, MBSE (Model Based Systems Engineering) and collaborative approaches address those complexities and have been recognised by their contribution to improve the NPD processes. A successful implementation of a collaborative MBSE design would allow to manage both complexities. This PhD thesis describes an investigation on collaborative MBSE design projects within French teams in automotive and aeronautics companies, with the purpose of enhancing them to improve product development. We understand collaborative MBSE design as a complex organisational system which implies different views or dimensions. The identification of those dimensions, their definition and the study of their interactions constitute the first objective of this research. Understanding each dimension in order to improve collaboration between the project members is the second objectivedeuxième objectif.The third and last objective of this research is to propose Socio Technical Systems (STS) supporting this collaboration. The results of the thesis provide a methodology to manage organisational complexity in collaborative MBSE design projects. The methodology is a combination of four methods assisting the characterisation of the MBSE dimensions (people, process, information objects and tools), while defining their interactions. These methods support respectively: 1) The assessment and description of collaborative MBSE design projects from a systemic perspective 2) The establishment of a shared vision of the work 3) The analysis of the cooperation among the actors 4) The development of STS such as collaborative environment and a collaborative capitalisation support. The implementation of the proposed methods, process and guidelines in the industry has shown how the enhancement of collaboration in MBSE design projects can improve the overall product development.

This thesis work is performed in collaboration with Syntell AB and a client company interested in assistance with charging infrastructure dimensioning. The aim of this thesis is to develop an executable, generalizable model that can aid decision making regarding charging infrastructure. Furthermore, this is done within a Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) context, which enables representation of the system as a model.  As the data and model concerning the client company is classified, it is not presented in this report. Instead, to further enhance the aim of developing a generalizable model, a test case is produced for this project work. This case consists of passenger electric vehicles and chargers in a metropolitan setting, where data is gathered from public sources.  The results show that the model is executable and flexible to fit any type of electric vehicle and different specifications of chargers. Using an MBSE approach enables the project owner to customize the model development for the specific use case. Additionally, defining a system in focus establishes what the system uptime is, enabling calculations of availability. The results for this specific use case are interpreted to show how the model can be used to aid the dimensioning of charging infrastructure using the model output. To further verify the model representation of the system, the model can be run in live-mode, where vehicles and chargers can be added while the model is running to instantly examine the system dynamics.  Concluding, the method for utilizing the model to evaluate systems availability is described. The model output, as well as the thorough description of the model, can be used to increase the knowledge within MBSE for executable modeling. / Detta projekt utförs i samarbete med Syntell AB och en tredje part som är intresserad av att förbättra sitt beslutsunderlag gällande dimensionering av laddinfrastruktur. Målet med arbetet är att utveckla en exekverbar och generaliserbar modell som kan användas för att underlätta dimensionering av laddinfrastruktur. Vidare så genomförs arbetet inom ramen för MBSE, vilket möjliggör en representation av systemet med hjälp av en modell. Eftersom kunddatan är konfidentiell appliceras modellen på ett fabricerat användningsfall som underlag för denna rapport. Detta baserar sig på elektriska personbilar i stadsmiljö, där data hämtas från publika källor. Att modellen används på två olika användningsfall stärker argumenten kring generaliserbarhet. Resultatet som presenteras är främst i syfte att demonstrera tolkning av resultat samt att grundligt förklara modellen. Resultaten visar att modellen är exekverbar och flexibel för att kunna anpassas utifrån godtyckligt elektriskt fordon och olika specifikationer för laddstationer. Genom att definiera ett system i fokus kan systemets drifttid utgöra grund för att kunna beräkna tillgänglighet. Resultaten tolkas i det specifika användningsfallet för att illustrera hur modellen kan användas för att underlätta en beslutsprocess gällande dimensionering av laddinfrastruktur. För att ytterligare verifiera modellens representation av verkligheten används ett interaktivt live-mode, där fordon och laddare kan läggas till under körning för att direkt undersöka systemdynamiken. Detta är ett viktigt verktyg vid kommunikation med intressenter för att stärka förtroendet för simuleringsresultat.  Sammanfattningsvis beskrivs metoden för att använda modellen till att undersöka systemtillgänglighet. Modellens utdata, tillsammans med beskrivningen av modellen, kan användas för att utöka kunskapen inom MBSE för exekverbar modellering.

Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) approach aims at implementing various processes of Systems Engineering (SE) through diagrams that provide different perspectives of the same underlying system. This approach provides a basis that helps develop a complex system in a systematic manner. Thus, this thesis aims at deriving a system model through this approach for the purpose of autonomous driving, specifically focusing on developing the subsystem responsible for generating a feasible trajectory for a miniature vehicle, called AutoCar, to enable it to move towards a goal. The report provides a background on MBSE and System Modeling Language (SysML) which is used for modelling the system. With this background, an MBSE framework for AutoCar is derived and the overall system design is explained. This report further explains the concepts involved in autonomous trajectory planning followed by an introduction to Robot Operating System (ROS) and its application for trajectory planning of the system. The report concludes with a detailed analysis on the benefits of using this approach for developing a system. It also identifies the shortcomings of applying MBSE to system development. The report closes with a mention on how the given project can be further carried forward to be able to realize it on a physical system. / Modellbaserade systemteknikens (MBSE) inriktning syftar till att implementera de olika processerna i systemteknik (SE) genom diagram som ger olika perspektiv på samma underliggande system. Detta tillvägagångssätt ger en grund som hjälper till att utveckla ett komplext system på ett systematiskt sätt. Sålunda syftar denna avhandling att härleda en systemmodell genom detta tillvägagångssätt för autonom körning, med särskild inriktning på att utveckla delsystemet som är ansvarigt för att generera en genomförbar ban för en miniatyrbil, som kallas AutoCar, för att göra det möjligt att nå målet. Rapporten ger en bakgrund till MBSE and Systemmodelleringsspråk (SysML) som används för modellering av systemet. Med denna bakgrund, MBSE ramverket för AutoCar är härledt och den övergripande systemdesignen förklaras. I denna rapport förklaras vidare begreppen autonom banplanering följd av en introduktion till Robot Operating System (ROS) och dess tillämpning för systemplanering av systemet. Rapporten avslutas med en detaljerad analys av fördelarna med att använda detta tillvägagångssätt för att utveckla ett system. Det identifierar också bristerna för att tillämpa MBSE på systemutveckling. Rapporten stänger med en omtale om hur det givna projektet kan vidarebefordras för att kunna realisera det på ett fysiskt system.

Systems Engineering is catching pace in many segments of product manufacturing industries. Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) is the formalized application of modeling to perform systems engineering activities. In order to effectively utilize the complete potential of MBSE, a methodology consisting of appropriate processes, methods and tools is a key necessity. In the last decade, several MBSE projects have been implemented in industries varying from aerospace and defense to automotive, healthcare and transportation. The Systems Modeling Language (SysML) standard has been a key enabler of these projects at many companies. Although SysML is capable of providing a rich representation of any system through various viewpoints, the journey towards adopting SysML to realize the true potential of MBSE has been a challenge. Among all, one of the common roadblocks faced by systems engineers across industries has been the software engineering-based nature of SysML which leads to difficulties in grasping the modeling concepts for people that do not possess a software engineering background. As a consequence, developing a system (or a system of systems) architecture model using SysML has been a challenging task for many engineers even after a decade of its inception and multiple successive iterations of the language specification. Being a modeling language, SysML is method-agnostic, but its associated limitations outweigh the advantages. ARCADIA (Architecture Analysis and Design Integrated Approach) is a systems and software architecture engineering method based on architecture-centric and model-based engineering activities. If applied properly, ARCADIA allows for a very effective way to model the architecture of multi-domain systems, and overcome many of the limitations faced in traditional SysML implementation. This thesis evaluates the architecture development capabilities of ARCADIA/Capella versus SysML following the Object-Oriented Systems Engineering Method (OOSEM). The study focuses on the key equivalences and differences between the two MBSE solutions from a model development perspective and provides several criteria to evaluate their effectiveness for architecture development using a conceptual case of Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC). The evaluation is based on three perspectives namely, architecture quality, ability to support key process deliverables, and the overall methodology. Towards this end, an industry-wide survey of MBSE practitioners and thought leaders was conducted to identify several concerns in using models but also to validate the results of the study. The case study demonstrates how the ARCADIA/Capella approach addresses several challenges that are currently faced in SysML implementation. From a process point of view, ARCADIA/Capella and SysML equally support the provision of the key deliverable artifacts required in the systems engineering process. However, the candidate architectures developed using the two approaches show a considerable difference in various aspects such as the mapping of the form to function, creating functional architectures, etc. The ARCADIA/Capella approach allows to develop a ‘good’ system architecture representation efficiently and intuitively. The study also provides answers to several useful criteria pertaining to the overall candidate methodologies while serving as a practitioner’s reference in selecting the most suitable approach.

This thesis presents Monza, a system for accelerating the simulation of modelsof physical systems described by ordinary differential equations, using a generalpurpose computer with a PCIe FPGA expansion card. The system allows bothautomatic generation of an FPGA implementation from a model described in theModelica programming language, and simulation of said system.Monza accomplishes this by using a customizable hardware architecture forthe FPGA, consisting of a variable number of simple processing elements. A cus-tom compiler, also developed in this thesis, tailors and programs the architectureto run a specific model of a physical system.Testing was done on two test models, a water tank system and a Weibel-lung,with up to several thousand state variables. The resulting system is several timesfaster for smaller models and somewhat slower for larger models compared to aCPU. The conclusion is that the developed hardware architecture and softwaretoolchain is a feasible way of accelerating model execution, but more work isneeded to ensure faster execution at all times.

Les travaux de recherche menés au cours de cette thèse s'inscrivent dans le cadre de la modélisation, de la vérification et de la validation de systèmes complexes, critiques et multi-physiques. Ces travaux visent à combler l'écart d'abstraction entre les modèles haut-niveau, point de départ des processus MBSE (Model-Based Systems Engineering), et la simulation temps réel, clef de voûte des approches In-the-Loop. Dans ce contexte, nous proposons d'unifier, au sein d'un même modèle SysML, les aspects continus d'un système, permettant de générer de manière automatique un modèle Modelica de plus bas niveau directement exécutable (simulation), et les aspects discrets, permettant l'animation et la génération de tests par des solveurs de contraintes. Les travaux réalisés au cours de cette thèse ont permis l'étude et la réalisation d'une chaîne outillée originale permettant de simuler et de tester ce type de systèmes à partir de modèles SysML en contexte In-the-Loop. Cette démarche a été validée par deux cas d'étude concrets issus de la recherche. Le premier, issu du projet ANR Smart Blocks, nous a permis de mettre à l'épreuve la méthodologie de modélisation SysML dans le but d'effectuer des simulations de convoyeur sans contact (jets d'air). Le second cas d'étude, issu du projet Région GEOSEFA, nous a permis de valider l'approche complète (simulation et test) en contexte In-the-Loop. Celui-ci porte sur la conception et la validation d'un nouveau système énergétique hybride embarqué dans un hélicoptère. / The research conducted during this thesis fall within the scope of modeling, verification and validation of critical and complex systems. This work aims to bridge the gap between the abstract high-level models, starting point of the MBSE process (Model-Based Systems Engineering), and real-time simulation keystone of In-the-Loop processes. In this context, we propose to unify, within a SysML model, continuous aspects of a system, to automatically generate an executable Modelica model (simulation), and discrete aspects allowing animation and test generation by constraint solvers. The work done during this thesis allowed the study and the realization of an original tooled approach to simulate and test such systems from SysML models within a In-the-Loop context. This approach has been validated by two concrete case studies from research partners. The first, from the ANR Smart Blocks project, allowed us to assess the relevance of the proposed SysML modeling methodology in order to perform contact less conveyor simulations. The second case study, from the GEOSEFA Regional project has allowed us to validate the overall approach (simulation and testing) in a In-the-Loop context. It covers the design and the validation of a new energy hybrid system embedded in a helicopter.

No description available.

INCOSE defines Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) as "the formalized application of modeling to support system requirements, design, analysis, verification, and validation activities beginning in the conceptual design phase and continuing throughout development and later life cycle phases." One very important development is the utilization of MBSE to develop distributed and hybrid (discrete-continuous) simulation modeling systems. MBSE can help to describe the systems to be modeled and help make the right decisions and partitions to tame complexity. The ability to embrace conceptual modeling and interoperability techniques during systems specification and design presents a great advantage in distributed and hybrid simulation systems development efforts. Our research is aimed at the definition of a methodological framework that uses MBSE languages, methods and tools for the development of these simulation systems. A model-based composition approach is defined at the initial steps to identify distributed systems interoperability requirements and hybrid simulation systems characteristics. Guidelines are developed to adopt simulation interoperability standards and conceptual modeling techniques using MBSE methods and tools. Domain specific system complexity and behavior can be captured with model-based approaches during the system architecture and functional design requirements definition. MBSE can allow simulation engineers to formally model different aspects of a problem ranging from architectures to corresponding behavioral analysis, to functional decompositions and user requirements (Jobe, 2008).

This thesis is the product of an effort to develop a CubeSat Conceptual Design Tool for the California Polytechnic State University CubeSat Laboratory. Such a tool is necessary due to inefficiencies with the current conceptual design process. It is being developed to increase accessibility, reduce design time, and promote good systems engineering within CubeSat development. The development of the architecture of a conceptual design tool, the core user-interface element, and the completion of a module for the electrical power subsystem is the focus of this thesis. The architecture is built around different modules to design different subsystems that work in conjunction. The module in the tool was developed to allow a user to size an electrical power subsystem, and that is the basis for future subsystem development. Model-based Systems Engineering was also utilized as an endpoint for the tool’s outputs, and a CubeSat Model has been built for this effort. Validation has been successful on the Conceptual Design Tool as implemented at this time, so the tool it is ready to design CubeSat electrical power subsystems and be expanded upon by other tool developers.