Sedimentary rocks in the Mecca Hills record a 3-4 Myr history of basin evolution and deformation within the southern San Andreas fault (SAF) zone. Detailed geologic mapping, measured sections, lithofacies analysis, and preliminary paleomagnetic data indicate that sedimentation and deformation in the Mecca Hills resulted from evolution of local fault zone complexities superimposed on regional subsidence and uplift. Sediment was derived from sources northeast of the SAF and transported southeast along the fault zone in large rivers, alluvial fans, and a smaller fault-bounded lake. Inversion of the Painted Canyon fault from oblique SW-side down to SW-side up slip was the main control on local deposition and deformation. Regional controls are suggested by an angular unconformity observed in the Mecca and Indio Hills along ~50 km of the SAF and synchronous post-740 ka uplift northeast of the SAF along ~80 km of the fault zone.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / This d~ssertation concerns the modernisation of Islam-oriented schooling in Cape Town and environs whereby Muslim Mission Primary Schools emerge as a socio-cultural compromise between community needs and State school provision policy. It proceeds from the recognition of the cultural diversity that has since the pioneering days characterised the social order of the Mother City. Two religious and cultural traditions have coexisted here in a superordinate and subordinate relationship; one developed a school system for domestication and cultural assimilation, and the other a covert instructional programme for an"alternative religious system and behaviour code. The thrust of the argument is that the Islamic community, developed on the periphery of society that excluded non-Christians, were in the main concerned with cultural transmission, first in the homes of Free Blacks during the Dutch regime, and later in the mosques that arose when religious freedom was obtained. Traditional schools for Islamic culture transmission were conducted by imams and tended to attract in large numbers the children of slaves and other non-white children causing concern among evangelists In 1863, a political understanding between the governments of Britain and Turkey resulted in Abu Bakr Effendi being assigned by the Sultan to conduct a school in Cape Town to effect some uniformity of Islamic instruction. A latent consequence of this Turkish funded school was the production of the first Afrikaans textbook on Islam, a step in the modernisation of cultural transmission. After Effendi's demise the school was discontinued. State education policy ensured that non-white children generally were educated only at State-funded Christian Mission schools. Most Muslim children received only Islamic instruction at the various madressahs (traditional schools) as a result. An increasingly rigid segregation of public schools oriented towards reproducing the superordinate-subordinate culture relationship resulted in a widening gap of literacy which was increasingly important for the economic and political dispensation. Concerned Muslims organised themselves to address the educational deficiency. The South African Moslem Association urged mOre educational opportunity but floundered before accomplishing anything noteworthy. Their importance lay in their making the Muslims more aware of the need to have a secular education in a changing social order. It was self-evident that education had to be seen in the political context: the weaker community was most likely to suffer the greatest lack of schools. Dr A. Abdurahman, foremost political figure of the first forty years of this century, took the first steps in establishing State-aided primary schools for Muslim children. Whatever success he had in this regard was entirely due to his personali ty and political acumen. In contrast to Abdurahman was the philanthropic effort of Hajee Sullaiman Shah Mohamed to build a school with an Islamic ethos. Why he failed is considered against the social historical background of the Cape Muslims and the communities' manifest needs. Politically, Abdurahman was in a better position and better equipped to address the problem. He served as manager of three Muslim primary schools, the development of which form a substantial part of this study. Abdurahman could harness the creative energies and resources of immigrant and indigenous Muslims in creating these schools. But the Cape Malay Association, disenchanted with Abdurahman's perceived partisanship, politically sought to advance Malay communal interests in the political patronage of the Afrikaner political faction in power. In terms of schooling policy they were to be disillusioned.

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Mass gatherings stress local and global health care systems as they bring together individuals from all over the world that have very different health conditions. We firstly provide an overview of the concepts and results of mathematical epidemiology and public health. Secondly, we present an introduction to the mathematical modelling of measles using deterministic and stochastic approaches for both single and multiple populations. Lastly, we develop a model for mass gatherings and present an application to measles during the Hajj by studying an SIR deterministic metapopulation model with residency and its stochastic analogue. The models incorporate real world country data and time dependent movement and transmission rates, accounting for realistic volume of international travel and seasonality of measles activity. Numerical results for the deterministic system are presented. We conclude with a discussion on further work.

Mass gatherings stress local and global health care systems as they bring together individuals from all over the world that have very different health conditions. We firstly provide an overview of the concepts and results of mathematical epidemiology and public health. Secondly, we present an introduction to the mathematical modelling of measles using deterministic and stochastic approaches for both single and multiple populations. Lastly, we develop a model for mass gatherings and present an application to measles during the Hajj by studying an SIR deterministic metapopulation model with residency and its stochastic analogue. The models incorporate real world country data and time dependent movement and transmission rates, accounting for realistic volume of international travel and seasonality of measles activity. Numerical results for the deterministic system are presented. We conclude with a discussion on further work.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-05-07T13:39:49Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Thiago Damasceno Pinto Milhomem - 2018.pdf: 14290151 bytes, checksum: 86ef286d465a454e620f90c2592bfcb4 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-05-07T14:00:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Thiago Damasceno Pinto Milhomem - 2018.pdf: 14290151 bytes, checksum: 86ef286d465a454e620f90c2592bfcb4 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-07T14:00:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Thiago Damasceno Pinto Milhomem - 2018.pdf: 14290151 bytes, checksum: 86ef286d465a454e620f90c2592bfcb4 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-27 / Pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca (ḥajj) has been one of the pillars of Islam since the seventh century, the time of the advent of the religion in the Arabian Peninsula, as an ordering in the Holy Qur'an and in the sayings and deeds of Prophet Muḥammad. Being this pilgrimage mandatory for all faithful adults in good enough physical and material conditions, different personalities of the Islamic world have realized the sacred journey in different times. Many have left their written testimonies, as a legacy of their observations and impressions on societies and historical events of Islamic and non-Islamic domains, thus influencing the emergence of a specific literary genre of Arab-Islamic culture, the travel journal (rihla). One of the pioneers of this genre was Ibn Jubayr (1145-1217), a Muslim from the city of Valencia, writer of a journal of his travels to the region that today corresponds to the Middle East, between 1183 and 1185, a period between the Second and the Third Crusade. We use Ibn Jubayr's travel journal edited as “Through the East (Rihla)”, a version published by Alianza Literaria in 2007, and which consists of a translation from Arabic into Spanish by Felipe Maíllo Salgado. From this testimony, centered on the religious journey of the writer-traveler to Mecca, we analyze the possibilities and social conditions of ḥajj at the end of the twelfth century, in the context of the Crusades, a long-lasting historical phenomenon permeated by important religious, political, economic, military and cultural aspects / A peregrinação à cidade santa de Meca (ḥajj) é um dos pilares do Islã desde o século VII, época do advento da religião na Península Arábica, configurando como uma ordenação no Alcorão Sagrado e nos ditos e feitos do Profeta Muḥammad. Sendo essa peregrinação obrigatória para todo fiel adulto e são e em condições físicas e materiais para tal, diferentes personalidades do mundo islâmico realizaram a jornada sagrada em diversas épocas. Muitos deixaram seus testemunhos por escrito, legando à posteridade suas observações e impressões sobre sociedades e eventos históricos de domínios islâmicos e não islâmicos, influenciando assim no surgimento de um gênero literário específico da cultura árabe-islâmica, o relato de viagem (rihla). Um dos pioneiros do gênero foi Ibn Jubayr (1145-1217), muçulmano natural da cidade de Valência, escritor de um relato referente às suas viagens à região que hoje corresponde ao Oriente Médio, entre 1183 e 1185, período situado entre a Segunda e a Terceira Cruzada. Utilizamos o relato de viagens de Ibn Jubayr editado como A través del Oriente (Rihla), versão publicada pela editora Alianza Literaria em 2007 e que consiste em uma tradução do árabe para o espanhol feita por Felipe Maíllo Salgado. A partir desse testemunho, centrado no périplo religioso do viajante-escritor a Meca, analisaremos as possibilidades e condições sociais de realização do ḥajj em fins do século XII, contexto de Cruzadas, fenômeno histórico de longa duração permeado por importantes aspectos religiosos, políticos, econômicos, militares e culturais.

Šarīf al-Raḍī, auteur incontournable pour qui souhaite étudier la poésie arabe à travers son histoire, peut difficilement être catalogué. En effet, bien qu’il ait profité des courant littéraire qui l’ont précédé, ce poète précoce, critique littéraire, juriste, linguiste et émir du hadj a petit à petit développé son propre genre poétique à travers les ḥiğāziyyāt, composant ainsi des poésies d’amour autour des lieux saints du pèlerinage. Cette étude visera donc dans un premier temps à comprendre ce qui fait l’originalité de ce genre en son temps pour enfin tenter de saisir la portée de l’influence des ḥiğāziyyāt sur la poésie arabe des siècles qui ont succédé à notre poète. / Šarīf al-Raḍī, major writer whose work has to be studied by anyone interested in Arabic poetry throughout time, can hardly be classified. While he took advantage from past literary movements, this poet, who started writing at an early age and became a literary critic as well as a linguist, a jurist and the emir of hajj, gradually developed a new poetical genre through his ḥiğāziyyāt. He thus composed love poems that revolve around the sacred places of pilgrimage. This study aims at understanding what made this genre unique in its time before trying to grasp the scope of the ḥiğāziyyāt’s influence on Arabic poetry in the following centuries.

This dissertation seeks to address the multiple ways face or one’s public self-image is attacked, supported and maintained in Athol Fugard’s The Road to Mecca, My Children! My Africa! and Valley Song, and through this discussion demonstrate how the notion of face can make a contribution to the study and understanding of Athol Fugard’s work. In the pursuit of their goals/objectives, interactants perform speech acts which may threaten the face of other participants. The choice of strategies available to participants in the performance of these face-threatening acts (FTAs) includes going on record, off record (indirectly) or avoiding the FTA altogether (saying nothing). Each text offers a fresh perspective from which face can be analysed: rebelliousness against conformism (The Road to Mecca); the perspective of the cross-racial, cross-cultural relationships (My Children! My Africa!); and the context of a closely-knit family relationship (Valley Song). / English Studies / M.A. (Theory of Literature)

The Caveat For many reasons, names have had to be concealed within this document. The events depicted are real and the discussions true. This is an attempt to legitimize the informal, seemingly mundane and sometimes personal: the author’s experiences bringing a folly to the physical, while trespassing into a new world: Islam. This thesis documents a series of interventions at different scales within that world. There is a book, the chair, and the city of Makkah. The events themselves are superimposed onto the traditional language, or professional conventions, used to justify them. Here, they are relegated to the margins of each page. This is akin to how some of the first books were produced, by students in the confines of dark cloisters or hot desert temples, struggling to maintain historical integrity while fighting the natural tendencies of youth. Their master’s voices always looking over the gutter from the opposite page. The sketches for a new Makkah and a monumental demonstration in Canada unfold in parallel to a body of formal research. Together, as seemingly independently as they are, they paint the portrait of an Islam, while building a personality between the lines. That being said: there isn’t a correct way to read it.